Chemistry 30 Organic Review
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1 Chemistry 30 Organic Review OUTCOME MS3 Explore the nature and classification of organic compounds, and their uses in modern materials. - Explain how the valence structure of carbon leads to the large number and diversity of organic compounds in nature - Understand how to read and the purpose of different models (molecular, structural, condensedstructural, space-filled, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional) to represent organic molecules. - Write the molecular and structural formula and provide the (IUPAC) name for straight-chain alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, with up to 10 carbon atoms in the molecule - Provide the IUPAC names, and illustrate, using diagrams, molecular modelling kits and/or digital technology, the structural formulas of a variety of branched- and straight-chain hydrocarbons. - Discuss the importance of isomerization in materials science and biological applications. - Identify various classes of organic compounds based on functional groups including cyclics, aromatics, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, esters, organic acids and halocarbons - Describe applications of the various classes of organic compounds, including compounds (e.g., carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids) important to biological systems. - Understand how First Nations and Métis people used organic compounds to make soap - Provide examples of consumer and industrial products that are derived from the refining of fossil fuels. - Know some societal benefits and environmental impacts related to the petrochemical industry. - Describe processes of polymerization and explain the significance of some natural and synthetic polymers REMINDER- This is not a complete review. Read through your notes study definitions, explanations and practice questions.
2 1. Identify the following as organic or inorganic compounds: Only hydrocarbons (covalent- C and H) are considered organic below. Formula Organic or Inorganic? How do you know? CaCO 3(s) C 25 H 52(s) Ca 2 C (s) CCl 4(l) CH 3 COOH (l) CO 2(g) 2. Fill in the Table below Type Alkanes Alkenes Alkynes Cycloalkanes How to identify it based on drawing? General Formula? How to tell based on name? Saturated or Unsaturated? 3. Draw and name 5 isomers for C 7H Draw 1 compound that someone may mistake for an isomer of 2-methylhexane and why they might make that mistake?
3 5. Which of the following chemical compounds is not considered an organic compound? A C 2H 5COO(l) B C 6H 5COOH(s) C CH 2OH(l) D NH 4CN(s) 6. Match the empirical formula to the type of organic compound (they can be used more than once): a. C nh 2n cycloalkane b. C nh 2n-2 alkene c. C nh 2n+2 alkadiene d. C nh 2n-4 alkane e. C nh n alkyne 7. Write the correct IUPAC name for each of the following: C CH 2 CH 2 CH CH CH
4
5 This is my favourite one!! Hint: use the easiest route to name! 8. Draw the following compounds in both stick and full structural diagrams. a. Cyclohexane e. 3-hexyne i. ethane m. ethane q. 2,3-hexadiene b. Cyclopentane f. 4-nonyne j.2-octene n. methane r. 1,2-propadiene c. Cyclobutane g. 1-propyne k. 3-hexene o. propane s. 3,4-octadiene d. Cyclononane h. 2-pentyne l. 4-heptene p. decane t. 1,2-pentadiene Draw and name 4 isomers of 4-methyl-2-heptyne. Include one ring structure. 11. Give the IUPAC name for the following: a. -CH 2-CH 2- b. -CH()- c. -CH=CH- d. -C()=CH 2
6 Identify if the following pairs are isomers. If they are, identify what type of isomer they are. Pair 1 Pair 2 Are they isomers? What type?
7 Use the following structural diagrams to answer the next question Match the general structural diagrams numbered above with the class of the compound below. Carboxylic acid Alkene Aromatic Alkyne Alcohol Ester
8 14. Use the following information to answer the next question Identify 3 functional groups found in the above question. 15. Use the following structural diagram to answer the next question- --- Bonus Which of the following monomers is required to produce the polymer in the structural diagram above? 16. How many hydrogen atoms are found in a molecule of decane? 17. Which class of organic compound contains one triple bond? a. Alkyne b. Alkene c. Alkane d. Cycloalkane
9 18. Consider the following structure. What is the IUPAC name of the molecule? a. 2 methyl 4 ethylhexane b. 3 ethyl 5 methylhexane c. 5 methyl 3 ethylhexane d. 4 ethyl 2 methylhexane 19. Consider the following organic compound. CH3 CH=CH CH2 CH2 CH3 Which structural formula does NOT represent a completely different isomer? a. b. c. 20. Which of the following chemical compounds is not considered an organic compound? a. C2H5COOCH3(l) b. C6H5COOH(s) c. CH3CH2OH(l) d. NH4CN(s) 21. Give one example of why it is important to understand the different isomers have different properties. 22. Explain what an isomer is. 23. What are some examples of social benefits and environmental drawbacks of the fossil fuel refinement? 24. What are polymers and how do they form?
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