EI1351-ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS. Part A
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1 EI1351-ANALYTICAL INSTRUMENTS UNIT I COLORIMETRY AND SPECTROPHOTOMETRY Part A 1. Write the emf equation of the electrochemical cell? 2. List the electro analytical methods. 3. List the detectors used in UV spectrophotometer. 4. What do you mean by derivative spectrophotometry? 5. What is meant by sampling in analytical instrumentation? 6. Define conductivity of a solution. 7. State beer s law. 8. What are the advantages of IR spectrophotometer? 9. Define vapour pressure. 10. State common ion effect. 11. Differentiate spectral and natural band width. 12. What are the sources of flame photometry? 13. List out the components of atomic absorption spectrophotometer? 14. What are the advantages of double beam spectrophotometer over single beam spectrophotometer? 15. What do you mean isobetic point? 16. List the sources used in atomic absorption spectrophtometry. 17. What is meant by colorimetry? 18. What is meant by attenuated total reflectance (ATR) principle? 19. If the intensity of light reduces from 10 units to 3 after passing through 1cm of 1% of sample, calculate the absorbance and % transmittance of the solution by beer-lamberts law? 20. What is the principle of hollow cathode lamp used in atomic absorption spectroscopy? 21. Define transmittance and absorbance. 22. What is the basic difference between AAS and FES? 1. Derive beer s law and discuss the reason for deviation of beer s law.
2 2. Explain the single beam, double beam instruments used in UV spectrophotometer. Mention its advantage. 3. Discuss about the sample preparation in the IR spectrophotometer. 4. With neat schematic diagram. Explain the construction and working of double beam IR spectrophotometer. 5. With a neat sketch. Explain the principle involved in atomic absorption spectrophotometer. 6. With suitable block diagram. Explain the schematic arrangement of flame photometry and write its applications. 7. Describe about the radiation sources and detectors used in IRspectrophotometers. 8. Explain the use of flame emission spectrometry. 9. With necessary diagram, describe the construction and working principle of FTIR spectrophotometer. 10. Explain in detail, the sources and detectors used in UV-visible spectroscopy, with diagrams wherever necessary. 11. With the help of a neat diagrams, explain the construction and principle of FTIR< giving emphasis on its advantage over double beam IR. 12. Explain in detail the detectors used in IR. Also mention about different sample handling techniques in IR. 13. Explain with a neat sketch the principle and operation of a typical single beam UV spectrograph how does this differ from a double beam instrument? UNIT II CHROMATOGRAPHY 1. List three types of analysis is chromatography? 2. Define (a) retention time (b) capacity factor w.r.t. chromatography. 3. Define isobetic point? 4. Define the term efficiency of a chromatography discuss the parameter which will affect the efficiency? 5. What do you mean by open tubular column? 6. Write the pressure range of higher pressure liquid chromatography?
3 7. Name any four detectors used in gas chromatography? 8. What are the various methods involved in separating gaseous mixture? 9. What is chromatography? 10. List the types of liquid chromatography? 11. What are the types of detectors that are used in gas detectors? 12. What is hyper nation in chromatography? 13. What is meant by gas chromatography? 14. Name fours detectors that are used in liquid chromatography? 15. Define paper chromatography? 16. Name any four solvents used in chromatography? 17. Why is temperature programming required for column over used in gas chromatography? 18. How can we calculate the resolution of a chromatography system from the chromatogram obtained? 19. What are open tubular column and mention its types? 20. Define capacity factor and selectivity factor related to chromatography? 21. List the applications of gas chromatography. 22. List the application liquid chromatography? 1. With neat diagram explain the setup in Liquid Chromatography. 2. Discuss any two detectors used in Gas Chromatography. 3. With neat line diagram explain the various stages of Gas Chromatography. 4. Explain any three types of detectors used in Liquid Chromatography. 5. With neat line diagram explain HPLC and discuss its advantages and applications. 6. With neat instrumentation arrangement explain how separation of mixture is done in Gas Chromatography. 7. Describe the classification and types of chromatographic methods of analysis. 8. Describe the components, functions and applications of a liquid chromatography system in detail. 9. With neat Instrumentation setup, explain how the separation of mixtures are done in HPLC? 10. What are the different types of pumps used in HPLC? Explain the principle and applications of Refractive index detector used in HPLC.
4 UNIT III INDUSTRIAL GAS ANALYZERS AND POLLUTION MONITORING INSTRUMENTS 1. Explain the principle of Thermal conductivity gas analyzer. 2. State the principle of anyone type of dust monitor. 3. List the advantages of Thermal conductivity detector. 4. Write the principle of H 2 S analyzer. 5. Name any two types of Oxygen analyzer. 6. Which type of arrangement is popularly referred as Katharometer? 7. What are the applications of Industrial analyzers? 8. Mention the name of the instruments that are used to measure Dust and Smoke. 9. What is meant by Thermal Conductivity? 10. Name any two methods to estimate Nitrogen oxides present in air. 11. How the CO in the air is monitored? 12. Sketch the typical diagram to measure dust particles. 13. Write the types of gas analyzers. 14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of Thermal conductivitysensor used for gas monitoring? 15. What is the principle of domestic smoke alarm? 16. Mention few gas pollutants. 17. Mention the principle of Dust and Smoke analyzer. 1. With neat diagram explain the working principle of O 2 analyzer based on magnetic susceptibility. 2. (a) Discuss any one method of Dust monitor. (b) Discuss any one type of continuous flow analyzers used in industries. 3. Explain the function of hay s magnetostrictive analyzer used for measurement of O 2 in steam of gas. 4. With neat line diagram, explain any two types of industrial analyzers. 5. With neat block diagram, explain the working principle of NO 2 analyzer.
5 6. With suitable diagram, explain the working principle of CO Monitor and Draw its schematic arrangement. 7. With schematic diagram, describe the working and construction of Dust meter. 8. Describe any two thermometric methods of analysis with typical signals. Mention three merits. 9. Describe the general arrangement of gas sensing probes. Discuss the methods of O2 analysis with figures. 10. With neat diagram, explain the principle and working of smoke meter. 11. Device a method to estimate the amount of hydrocarbons present in air neat instruction setup. 12. Write a note on: Method used to estimate sulphur dioxide. 13. (a) What is the principle of pollution monitoring instruments used for monitoring automobile exhaust gases? (b) Why should such pollution testing be carried out? 14. (a) What is the principle of CO 2 sensor? Give its applications. (b) What are the consequences of air pollution? UNIT IV ph METERS AND DISSOLVED COMPONENT ANALYZERS 1. Discuss the disadvantage of glass electrode. 2. State the principle of any one type of dust monitor. 3. Define ph value of a solution. 4. What is meant by Bio-sensor? 5. How will the temperature of the solution affect the measurement of ph by potentiometric method? 6. Give any two industrial applications of ion selective electrodes. 7. Give the ph equation. 8. Define equivalent conductance. 9. Write principle of Hydrogenn electrode. 10. Draw the diagram and applications of Reference electrode. 11. Write the types of ion-selective electrodes. 12. Write the process involved in Ammonia electrodes. 13. Draw the diagram of Dissolved oxygen analyzer.
6 14. Name the different types of process involved while analyze the Sodium in industry. 15. Write short notes on Silica analyzer. 1. With neat diagram explain ion selective electrodes. 2. With neat sketch explain the temperature compensation used in ph measurement. 3. Explain with neat diagram the construction and silicon analyzdr. 4. With neat diagram describe the principle, Construction and working of dissolved oxygen analyzer. 5. With neat diagram, explain the different types sampling system for solids, liquids and gas samples. 6. Explain with neat diagram the construction and sodium analyzer. 7. What are ion selective electrodes? Explain any two systems with illustrations. 8. With neat sketch, explain the principle and construction and working of Glass electrode. 9. Explain how ph is measured using Glass electrode with suitable diagram. 10. With neat diagram, explain the principle, construction and working of sodium, silica analyzer. 11. What is the principle of ph measurement by (1) Hydrogen electrode (2) Glass electrode? 12. What is the significance of ph measurement? 13. Explain how a glucose biosensor can be fabricated from a oxygen sensor. 14. What are the advantages and limitations of biosensors in analytical instruments. UNIT V RADIO CHEMICAL AND MAGNETIC RESONANCE TECHNIQUES 1. Discuss the applications of NMR spectroscopy. 2. List some of the X-ray detectors. 3. List the advantages of mass spectrometr. 4. List the applications of mass spectrophotometer. 5. Mention any four nuclear radiation detectors.
7 6. State the principle involved in solid state detectors. 7. Explain mass analyzer. 8. What are the applications of X-Ray spectroscopy? 9. Mention any four sources of X-Rays that are used in X-Ray spectroscopy. 10. Name any four solid state detectors used in spectroscopy? 11. What is dead time in a GM Counter? 12. What is fluroscence? 13. Distinguish between absorption and emission spectrum? 14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of solid state counters when compared to ionization chambers in measurement of Radio activity? 15. What is the principle of Faraday cup used in Mass spectroscopy? 16. Sketch a typical NMR Spectrum. 17. Write down the Bragg equation. What are the types of spectral analyzers used in XRF? 1. Discuss the working principle of NMR spectrophotometer and discuss its application? 2. Write short notes on i) GM Counter ii) Proportional counter. 3. With neat diagram, explain any one type of solid state detectors. 4. Explain the principle involved in X-Ray spectroscopy. 5. Explain the various techniques involved in NMR. 6. Describe the types and functions of gas detectors that are used for nuclear radiation detection. Discuss their merits and demerits. 7. What is Bragg s law? Explain how it is used in de-convoluting X-Ray diffraction patterns. 8. What is a Gamma camera? Give its applications. 9. With help of a neat diagram, explain the principle, working and applications of a double-focusing mass spectrometer. 10. Explain the construction and operation of the following Nuclear Radiation detectors. i) GM Counter ii) Proportional counter iii) Solid state detectors 11. Discuss the techniques of X-Ray diffraction spectroscopy.
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