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1 Q1. Describe how a section of DNA determines the structure of a protein. (4)
2 Q2. Producing new cells (a) The diagram shows the mass of DNA (m), before, during and after cell division in one cell. (i) Name the type of cell division taking place in this cell. (ii) Complete the sentence by putting a cross ( ) in the box next to your answer. A gene is a section of DNA that codes for A an amino acid B a base pair C a protein D a triplet code (b) Mutations can occur in genes. Mutations can cause genetic disorders in humans. Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a genetic disorder caused by a gene mutation. People with PKU produce an inactive enzyme. The normal base sequence and the mutated base sequence which can cause PKU are shown below. normal base sequence... C T C G G C C C T... mutated base sequence... C T T G G C C C T... (i) Describe how the changes that have occurred in the mutated base sequence produce an inactive enzyme. (2)
3 *(ii) Explain how the mutated base sequence will result in an inactive enzyme being produced during protein synthesis. (6) (c) Explain how the shape of an enzyme can make it inactive. (2)
4
5 Q1. A description including the (4) following linked points ref to a gene (coding for protein) sequence of bases determines sequence of amino acids idea of one code / triplet / codon / 3 bases (for one amino acid) several amino acids make up a protein / (poly)peptide transcription / detail of transcription translation / detail of translation Accept on either DNA or RNA base pairs Accept a chain of amino acids eg mrna made eg mrna attached to ribosome
6 Q2. (a)(i) meiosis spelling must be correct (a)(ii) C (b)(i) A description including any two from the following points (2) change in a base from C to T (causes) change in one {codon/triplet} of bases results in a different amino acid Indicative Content QWC *(b)(ii) An explanation linking some of the following points Mark (6) enzymes are proteins mutation in DNA will result in different mrna stran during transcription mrna leaves the nucleus through the
7 nuclear pore the attachment of mrna at the ribosomes involvement of trna and amino acids at the ribosome which is translation amino acid chain/peptide sequence altered different protein formed/protein not folded correctly Level 0 No rewardable material an attempt is made to link the change in the base sequence to the generation of a different amino acid the answer communicates ideas using simple language and uses limited scientific terminology spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with limited accuracy there is evidence that the mutation is linked to a change in the protein there may be an attempt to explain transcription of the incorrect code and translation of this although this explanation is likey to be unclear and may have missing steps the answer communicates ideas showing some evidence of clarity and organisation and uses scientific terminology appropriately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with some accuracy the response is likely to indicate the type of mutation and link this to a change of codon/protein the response will show good evidence of understanding that an incorrect mrna molecule is formed and translation by trna will result in an
8 Powered by TCPDF ( incorrect amino acid being incorporated into the protein chain the answer communicates ideas clearly and coherently uses a range of scientific terminology accurately spelling, punctuation and grammar are used with few errors (c) An explanation linking the following points Accept reference to lock and key (2) active site {different / blocked / changed} substrate cannot bind /eq
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