Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy-Fudan University. Systematic Anatomy. Nervous system Brain stem (part 1) Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 )
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1 Systematic Anatomy Nervous system Brain stem (part 1) Dr.Hongqi Zhang ( 张红旗 ) zhanghq58@126.com 1
2 External structure of brain stem
3 CNS and Divisions of the brain Brain Telencephalon Diencephalon Cerebellum Brain stem 1-Midbrain 2-Pons 3-medulla oblongata Spinal cord
4 Median sagittal section of the brain 1 Frontal lobe of cerebrum 2 Occipital lobe of cerebrum 3 Corpus callosum 4 Ant.commissure 5 Lamina terminalis 6 Optic chiasma 7 Hypothalamus 8 Thalamus and third ventricle 9 Colliculi of the midbrain 10 Midbrain(inf.portion) 11 Cerebellum 12 Pons 13 Fourth ventricle 14 Medulla oblongata 15 Central canal 16 Spinal cord
5 General description of brain stem Consititution: midbrain.pons.medulla oblongata Lower end: connect with spinal cord Upper end: connect with diencephalon Anterior:clivus Posterior:cerebellum Ventricle:the fourth ventricle Structure:complicated Function:important
6 key point about the brain stem The landmark of boundary of different portions The relation between appearance and internal structure The longitudinal and transverse relation of the nerve fiber The decussation location of the conducting tract The clinical symptom after the injury of conducting tract Learning method: recommendation Observe appearance and think about internal structure Observe section,think about the cubic & link sup.& inf.portion Remember key point,don t recite all and summary in poem
7 The brain stem Organization Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Position The brain stem and cerebellum occupies the post. cranial fossa of the skull
8 Gross appearance of the brain stem
9 the boundary landmark of brain stem in ant. surface Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Sup.border of pons bulbopontine sulcus Brain stem connect with 3-12 cranial nerves
10 Appearance of the brainstem(specimen) Mid brain Pons Medulla abongata Anterior view posterior view
11 Ventral surface Trigerminal motor root Trigerminal sensory root Abducent nerve Facial nerve root (motor) Nervus intermedius vestibulocochlear nerve Glassopharyngeal nerve vagus nerve Hypoglassol nerve Accessory nerve
12 lateral surface pons Trigerminal motor root Trigerminal sensory root vestibulocochlear nerve Facial nerve Abducent nerve Nervus intermedius Glassopharyngeal nerve
13 Dorsal surface
14 Copy Brain Right- Hongqi and roots ZHANG-Department of cranial nerves(basilar of Anatomy-Fudan aspect) University
15 Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Medulla oblongata Pyramid-1 Composed of bundles of nerve fiber, pyramidal tract Decussation of pyramid-2 Formed by crossing fibers of pyramidal tract Olive-3 Produced by underlying inferior olivary nucleus Anterolateral sulcus-4 Emerge the roots of hypoglossal nerve Retroolivary sulcus-5 Emerge the roots of ⅨⅩ,Ⅺcranial nerve
16 Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Pons Basilar part Basilar sulcus basilar artery-1 Bulbopontine sulcus -2 1 There emerge, from medial to lateral, the abducent n, facial n. & vestibulocochlear n. 2
17 Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Pons Middle cerebellar peduncle - 2 Trigeminal nerve-1 Emerges from the junction of basilar part & middle cerebellar peduncles Pontocerebellar trigone-3 The junction of medulla, pons and cerebellum 1 2 3
18 Ventral Surface of the Brain Stem Midbrain 1- Crus cerebri 2-Interpeduncular fossa Oculomotor n.(3) emerges on the medial side crus cerebri Post.perforated substance
19 Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem Medulla oblongata Lower portion Gracile tubercle-1 produced by underlying gracile nucleus Cuneate tubercle-2 produced by underlying cuneate nucleus Inferior cerebellar peduncle -3 Upper portion: forms the lower half of rhomboid fossa 3 1 2
20 Striae medullaris Trigone of hypoglassol n Trigone of vagus n 1 2
21 Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem Pons Trochlear nerve Sup.medullary velum Sup.cerebellar peduncle Middle cerebellar peduncle Inferior cerebellar peduncle
22 Dorsal Surface of the Brain Stem Midbrain 3 Superior colliculus -1 Constitute centers for visual reflexes Inferior colliculus -2 Associated with auditory pathway Brachium of superior colliculus-3 Brachium of inferior colliculus
23 Fourth ventricle Central canal fourth ventricle mesencephalic aqueduct third ventricle Position Situated ventral to cerebellum, and dorsal to pons and cranial half of medulla
24 Boundaries Floor of the 4 th ventricle Rhomboid Fossa Inferolateral:gracile and cuneate tubercles, inferior cerebellar peduncle Superolateral: superior cerebellar peduncle Lateral recess
25 Floor of the 4th ventricle Rhomboid Fossa Features Median sulcus-1 Sulcus limitans-2 Vestibular area-3 Overlies vestibular nuclei Acoustic tubercle-4 Overlying dorsal cochlear nucleus Medial eminence-5 Striae medullares-6 Facial eminence
26 Floor of the 4 th ventricle Rhomboid Fossa Facial colliculus Overlies nucleus of abducent n. and genu of facial nerve Hypoglossal triangle-1 Overlies hypoglossal nucleus Vagal triangle-2 Overlies dorsal nucleus of vagus nerve Locus ceruleus-3 蓝斑 Bluish-gray in color, it owes its color to a group of deeply pigmented nerve cells,function related to sleep
27 Roof of the Fourth ventricle Anterior part: Formed by sup. cerebellar peduncle and sup.medullary velum Posterior part: Formed by inferior medullary velum & choroid plexus of fourth ventricle Three apertures Median aperture of fourth ventricle Two lateral apertures of fourth ventricle Lat.aperture Median aperture
28 1. Posterior medullary velum 2. Choroid plexus 3. Cisterna cerebellomedullaris of subarachnoid cavity 4. Central canal 5. Corpora quadrigemina 6. Cerebral peduncle 7. Anterior medullary velum 8. Ependymal lining of ventricle 9. Cisterna pontis of subarachnoid cavity Arrow = Flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) through foramen of Magendie
29 Internal structure of the brain Stem
30 General description of internal structure of brain stem Constitution gray matter,white matter & reticular formation Opening of central canal to form the 4 th ventricle floor Grey matter is separated into nuclei by nervous fiber Nuclei types: cranial nuclei and non cranial nuclei Nuclei are located in the superficial layer near back surface of brain stem
31 General description of internal structure of brain stem Anterior - posterior layout of gray matter in spinal cord;but medial - lateral layout of gray matter in brain stem. Post.view Post.view Post.view Ant.view Ant.view Ant.view
32 Sensory nuclei are in lateral side of sulcus limitans motor nuclei are in medial side of sulcus limitans Nuclei related to viscera is close to sulcus limitans The somatic nuclei is far from the sulcus limitans Sulcus limitans SSSN GSSN GSMN G+S-VSN GVMN SVMN
33 General description of nuclei related to cranial n Nuclei related to Ⅲ~Ⅻ cranial n.are in brain stem Nuclei related to Ⅲ~Ⅳ cranial n.are in midbrain, Ⅴ~Ⅷ in pons, Ⅸ~Ⅻ in medulla oblongata mainly One cranial n. can connect one nucleus or more than one nucleus One cranial nucleus can connect one cranial nerve or more than one cranial n.
34 General description of nuclei related to cranial n. 1 cranial n cranial nuclear 1 cranial n cranial nuclear; Or more than one cranial nuclei 1 cranial nuclear maybe connect to cranial nerve more than one cranial n.
35 General description of nuclei related to cranial n. Cranial nerve nuclei mainly situated in the superficial layer of the back surface of brain stem. Nomenclature: according to connecting cranial nerve mainly, or to the feature of the nucleus. From medial to lateral,there are 6 functional column (not 7), because both special visceral sensory nuclei and general visceral sensory nuclei are one nucleus -nucleus ambiguus.
36 Abbreviation related to cranial nerve nuclei GSMN-general somatic motor nuclei SVMN-special visceral motor nuclei GVMN-general viscera motor nuclei GVSN- general visceral sensory nuclei SVSN - special visceral sensory nuclei GSSN-general somatic sensory nuclei SSSN-special somatic sensory nuclei SVSN and GVSN belong to the same nucleus
37 Feature and function of cranial n.nuclei GSMN- innervate skeleton muscle from somite SVMN- innervate skeleton muscle from brachial arch GVMN-supply cardiac muscle,smooth muscle & glands GSSN-receive sensory impulse from skin & mucosa of head and face V S N (general & special )- receive sensory impulse taste,olfactory,cardiovascular,viscera & glands SSSN-receive hearing and equilibrium impulse
38 Accessory nuclear.of oculomotor n. nuclear.of oculomotor n. nuclear.of trochlear n. Motor nuclear.of trigerminal n. nuclear.of abducent n. nuclear.of facial n. Sup.salivatory nuclear Inf.salivatory nuclear Nuclear ambiguus Dorsal nuclear of vagus n. Nuclear of hypoglassol n. Nuclear of accessory n.
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