Effects of Everglades Restora1on on Sea Level Rise Resilience in Urban Miami
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1 Effects of Everglades Restora1on on Sea Level Rise Resilience in Urban Miami Dr. Todd A. Crowl Director, Institute for Water & the Environment Director, Southeast Environmental Research Center Florida International University
2 Global Change SLR, Storms Everglades Vulnerability and Adapta=on Sustainable South Florida Urban Vulnerability and Adapta=on Restora=on Ecosystem Services
3 Sea level rise will interact with changes in precipita=on and temperature South Florida Temperature Projections IPCC Climate Change Scenario Descrip=ons: Most Pessimis=c Assumes a business as usual aitude, or lijle to no response to adverse climate change affects. Most Op=mis=c Assumes a concerted, global effort to mi=gate human impacts. South Florida Rainfall Projections
4 South Florida is very vulnerable to SLR
5 Global Change SLR, Storms Everglades Vulnerability and Adapta=on Sustainable South Florida Urban Vulnerability and Adapta=on Restora=on Ecosystem Services
6 Sea Level Rise Projec=ons
7 Inunda=on in Urban Miami Maps courtesy Pete Harlem, GIS lab, FIU
8 Flooding in Miami Alton Rd between 8th and 10th streets has been flooding every year for the past 7 years at least. Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County Miami-Dade County DERM Credit: Miami-Dade Miami-Dade County Credit: Miami-Dade DERM Credit: Miami-Dade DERM Credit: Miami-Dade DERM
9 What is a perigean spring =de aka King Tide? Alton Road, Miami Beach October 2013
10 Sea level rise and saltwater intrusion Limestone
11 SLR + popula=on growth = a threatened urban water supply In 2010 Popula=on = 5.6 million Water demand = 1.8 billion gal./day By 2030 Popula=on = 6.6 million Water demand = 2.1 billion gal./day
12 A threatened water supply Blanco et al. Applied Geochemistry 38, Since 1985, there has been a decline in the available freshwater resources of 12 17% in the Biscayne Aquifer.
13 Global Change SLR, Storms Everglades Vulnerability and Adapta=on Sustainable South Florida Urban Vulnerability and Adapta=on Restora=on Ecosystem Services
14 The Florida Everglades Pre-human management
15 The Changing Everglades Landscape
16 The Changing Everglades Landscape Post-Drainage The Everglades is now half its original extent Recreations by C. McVoy Photo: F. Tobias Pre-Drainage
17 Everglades is also very vulnerable to climate change, sea level rise Pre-Drainage Post-Drainage
18 Vulnerability due to: Porous, shallow limestone aquifer suscep=ble to intrusion Thin peat soils caused by evapora=on and drainage Long exposed coastline, low & flat topography Lost natural water storage (small changes in rain triggers floods or droughts)
19 Peat Collapse
20 Peat Collapse - a possible consequence of rapid SLR Marsh Subsidence Peat accre=on needs to keep pace with sea level rise
21 Peat Collapse a subject of intense scien=fic study in the Everglades Large and small scale experiments to understand the causes and consequences of soil collapse Troxler, Sklar et. al. experiment
22 Peat Collapse a subject of intense scien=fic study in the Everglades Experimental manipula=on of salinity and phosphorus Exposure of sawgrass peats to nutrients and salinity s=mulates microbial decomposi=on of soils, causing a posi=ve feedback to salt- water encroachment
23 Global Change SLR, Storms Everglades Vulnerability and Adapta=on Sustainable South Florida Urban Vulnerability and Adapta=on Restora=on Ecosystem Services
24 Adapta=ons to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Everglades restora=on will increase the resilience of the natural & built ecosystem Historic Flow Current Flow Restored Flow
25 Adapta1ons to Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Arrows show dry season seawater INFLUX into the Everglades creeks and groundwater (not to scale) Historic Flow Current Flow Restored Flow
26 Sea level rise with freshwater restora=on 2 Foot SLR No Flow Restora=on 2 Foot SLR + Flow Restora=on
27 Southeast Environmental Research Center
28 Protec=ng mangroves protects blue carbon in mangrove soils Mangroves accumulate more CO 2 than many tropical forests Soils build at rate similar to SLR ~3 mm per year Barr, Fuentes, Engel, Rivera-Monroy
29 Everglades restora=on will increase the resilience of the natural & built ecosystem Increase water storage, extending the life of wellfields, Restore freshwater flows through the Everglades, Push back saltwater intrusion, securing water supply, Protect water quality, Protect soils and mangrove buffering,
30 Global Change SLR, Storms Everglades Vulnerability and Adapta=on Sustainable South Florida Urban Vulnerability and Adapta=on Restora=on Ecosystem Services
31 Total Ecosystem Value (TEV) Decreases with SLR TEV dec from $74B to $5B with 5 p SLR C sequestra=on value dec from $32M to $490K
32 Sea level will keep rising projec=on certainty will improve in coming years Sea level rise affects surface flooding, fresh groundwater supplies and natural resources Adapta=on strategies exist through Everglades restora=on
33 Southeast Environmental Research Center
34 Southeast Environmental Research Center
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