DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT

Transcription

1 ASSALAMU ALAIKUM ARSITEKTUR KOMPUTER DUKUNGAN SISTEM OPERASI OPERATING SYSTEM SUPPORT Disajikan Oleh : RAHMAD KURNIAWAN TEKNIK INFORMATIKA UIN SUSKA RIAU RAHMAD KURNIAWAN 1

2 Why need an Operating System??? My students, the section of our lesson differs from previous lesson. This section we will study introduce about Operating System? Do you know what is an operating system? Have you been use Windows XP, Vista, W7, W8, linux, etc? They are example from Operating System. Computer Architecture is need support by Operating System 2

3 What are we will study??? What is an operating system History of operating systems The operating system zoo Computer hardware review Operating system concepts System calls Operating system structure 3

4 Remember! A modern computer consists of: One or more processors Main memory Disks Printers Various input/output devices Managing all these components requires a layer of software the operating system 4

5 Modes of Operation Most computers have two modes of operation. Kernel Mode The operating system is the fundamendtal piece of software and runs in kernel mode (also called superviso mode). User mode The rest of the software runs in user mode, in which only a subset of the machine instruction is available. 5

6 What is an Operating System? Figure 1-1. Where the operating system fits in. 6

7 Cont... 7

8 Cont... It is an extended machine Hides the messy details which must be performed Presents user with a virtual machine, easier to use It is a resource manager Each program gets time with the resource Each program gets space on the resource 8

9 The Operating System as an Extended Machine Figure 1-2. Operating systems turn ugly hardware into beautiful abstractions. 9

10 The Operating System as a Resource Manager Allow multiple programs to run at the same time Manage and protect memory, I/O devices, and other resources Includes multiplexing (sharing) resources in two different ways: In time In space 10

11 History of Operating Systems Generations: ( ) Vacuum Tubes ( ) Transistors and Batch Systems ( ) ICs and Multiprogramming (1980 Present) Personal Computers 11

12 Transistors and Batch Systems (1) Figure 1-3. An early batch system. (a) Programmers bring cards to (b)1401 reads batch of jobs onto tape. 12

13 Transistors and Batch Systems (2) Figure 1-4. (c) Operator carries input tape to (d) 7094 does computing. (e) Operator carries output tape to (f) 1401 prints output. 13

14 Transistors and Batch Systems (4) Figure 1-5. Structure of a typical FMS job. 14

15 ICs and Multiprogramming Figure 1-6. A multiprogramming system with three jobs in memory. 15

16 Computer Hardware Review Figure 1-7. Some of the components of a simple personal computer. 16

17 CPU Pipelining Figure 1-8. (a) A three-stage pipeline. (b) A superscalar CPU. 17

18 Multithreaded and Multicore Chips Figure 1-9. (a) A quad-core chip with a shared L2 cache. (b) A quad-core chip with separate L2 caches. 18

19 Memory (1) Figure A typical memory hierarchy. The numbers are very rough approximations. 19

20 Memory (2) Questions when dealing with cache: When to put a new item into the cache. Which cache line to put the new item in. Which item to remove from the cache when a slot is needed. Where to put a newly evicted item in the larger memory. 20

21 Disk Figure Structure of a disk drive. 21

22 I/O Devices Figure (a) The steps in starting an I/O device and getting an interrupt. 22

23 Figure The structure of a large Pentium system 23

24 The Operating System Zoo Mainframe operating systems Server operating systems Multiprocessor operating systems Personal computer operating systems Handheld operating systems Embedded operating systems Sensor node operating systems Real-time operating systems Smart card operating systems 24

25 Operating System Concepts Processes Address spaces Files Input/Output Protection Shell Virtual memory 25

26 Processes Figure A process tree. Process A created two child processes, B and C. Process B created three child processes, D, E, and F. 26

27 Deadlock (a) A potential deadlock. (b) an actual deadlock. 27

28 Files (1) Figure A file system for a university department. 28

29 Files (2) Figure (a) Before mounting, the files on the CD-ROM are not accessible. (b) After mounting, they are part of the file hierarchy. 29

30 Files (3) Figure Two processes connected by a pipe. 30

31 System Calls System calls: a set of extended instructions" provided by O.S., providing the interface between a process and the O.S. Example: Read a certain number of bytes from a file count = read(fd, buffer, nbytes) 31

32 Cont... Figure The 11 steps in making the system call read(fd, buffer, nbytes). 32

33 System Calls for Process Management 33

34 System Calls for File Management (1) 34

35 System Calls for File Management (2) 35

36 Memory Layout Figure Processes have three segments: text, data, and stack. 36

37 Operating Systems Structure Monolithic systems basic structure: A main program that invokes the requested service procedure. A set of service procedures that carry out the system calls. A set of utility procedures that help the service procedures. 37

38 Cont... Simple structuring model for a monolithic system 38

39 Reference: Tanenbaum, Modern Operating Systems 3 e, (c) 2008 Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved

40 Thank you 40