Operating Systems. Design and Implementation. Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
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1 Operating Systems Design and Implementation Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Operating Systems - Winter 2012
2 Outline Introduction What is an OS? Concepts Processes and Threads Memory Management File Systems Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 4
3 Chap 1 - Overview What is an Operating System? Concepts System Calls Structure Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 4
4 What is an OS? Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 13
5 2 Views on OSes OS as a Virtual Machine Extending the HW functionality Hides the messy details of programming the HW OS as a Resource Manager Protects against simultaneous usage of resources Fair sharing of resources (scheduling) Resource accounting Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 15
6 How to View an OS Operating Systems 2011 Program OS System calls Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 16
7 Concept: Processes Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 17
8 Multiple Processes Operating Systems 2011 init shell Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam some_ program Slide 18
9 System Calls Operating Systems 2011 System Calls are the interface the Operating System offers to applications. Problem: Mechanics of issuing a system call are highly machine dependent Solution: Provide a library to allow system calls from C programs: libc Library functions System Calls Instruction Set Architecture Applications / Processes Libraries Operating System Hardware Bash libc Linux kernel x86_64 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 27
10 System Calls: Process Management (1/2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 28
11 System Calls: Process Management (2/2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 29
12 System Calls: Signals Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 30
13 Concept: Mounting (1/2) Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 23
14 File System Mounting (2/2) Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 24
15 Special Files (1/2) Storage devices are mapped into the file tree via mounting. Idea: do this for all devices. Mechanism: Special files in /dev Two types: Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 25
16 Special Files (2/2) Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 26
17 System Calls: Files Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 31
18 System Calls: Directories Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 32
19 System Calls: Implementation Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 35
20 OS Structure: UNIX Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 37
21 OS Structure: Linux Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 38
22 Operating Systems Chapter 2 - Processes Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Operating Systems - Winter 2012
23 Chap 2 - Overview Scheduling Processes Threads Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 1
24 Recall: Process Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 2
25 One CPU, Many Processes Processes share the CPU(s) A scheduler determines which process to run next Keeps track of the process state Following some scheduling policy (random robin, shortest job first, etc). Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 3
26 Process States Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 5
27 Context Switching Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 39
28 Process Implementation Operating Systems 2011 Process Table: ps -ef Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 7
29 Threads Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 10
30 Threads: Minimal Support Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 11
31 Threads Some Problems Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 12
32 Mutual Exclusion Operating Systems 2011 Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 15
33 Operating Systems Chapter 4 Memory Management Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Operating Systems - Winter 2012
34 Chap 4 - Overview Memory Management Paged Memory Virtual Memory Segmentation Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 1
35 Memory Management Simple Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 2
36 Memory Management - Complex Multiple processes in the same memory Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 10
37 Paged Memory Systems (1/2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 15
38 Paged Memory Systems (2/2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 17
39 Virtual Memory Idea: Not all virtual pages have to be in physical memory Instead stored on disk -> cheap storage In swap partition Much more memory available Works if not all pages are used at the same time Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 24
40 Segmentation N Stack 0 Data Code N 0 Code Data Stack Segments can grow independently Hardware helps to map segments to virtual memory Hardware helps to protect: read-only, no-execute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 35
41 Operating Systems Chapter 5 File Systems Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Operating Systems - Winter 2012
42 Chap 5 - Overview Files Directories File system implementation UNIX/MINIX filesystem Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 1
43 Directories i-node Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 5
44 File Attributes Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 4
45 Directories Pathnames Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 6
46 File System Design Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 7
47 File Storage: Disk Layout Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 8
48 File Storage Inodes Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 11
49 File Storage UNIX Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 13
50 File Storage Name Resolution Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 14
51 Disk Space Management (1/2) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 15
52 File System Consistency Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 18
53 Buffer Cache Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 20
54 Log-Structured File Systems Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 21
55 MINIX Filesystem Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 31
56 MINIX Superblock Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Slide 32
Outline. Operating Systems Design and Implementation. Chap 1 - Overview. What is an OS? 28/10/2014. Introduction
Operating Systems Design and Implementation Andrew S. Tanenbaum Melanie Rieback Arno Bakker Outline Introduction What is an OS? Concepts Processes and Threads Memory Management File Systems Vrije Universiteit
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