The ASEAN German Technical Cooperation Programme Cities, Environment and Transport. Transport and Climate Change

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1 The ASEAN German Technical Cooperation Programme Cities, Environment and Transport How to Improve Energy Efficiency in the Land Transport Sector in Thailand Papondhanai Nanthachatchavankul Regional Coordinator, GIZ 31 March 2016 Thailand Science Park

2 The ASEAN German Technical Cooperation Programme Cities, Environment and Transport About GIZ GIZ s purpose is to promote international cooperation for sustainable development. GIZ is a 100% federally owned, public-benefit enterprise. GIZ operates in more than 130 countries worldwide. GIZ employs approximately 17,000 staff members worldwide. GIZ is active in a variety of sectors, including e.g. education; health care; agriculture; infrastructure (water, energy, transport).

3 The ASEAN German Technical Cooperation Programme Cities, Environment and Transport About GIZ Current Activities in the Transport and Mobility Sector

4 (TCC) What we do in the Project We develop an ASEAN regional policy to increase energy efficiency and reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the land transport sector. We develop action plans and measures in five countries and support their implementation according to national plans in at least three ASEAN member states. We develop guidelines and templates for national policies and action plans for member states. We support the improvement of the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) system in five countries.

5 Key activities in Thailand Transport NAMA MRV system Policy assessment Thailand Stocktaking Report Developed a Transport NAMA proposal Improvement of transport data collection and reliability Analyses and recommend the current transport and climate change policy Collect & disseminate all important transport data and policies Workshop & Seminar Workshop, Expert discussion ex. NAMA workshop, MRV, transport policies

6 Final energy consumption by sector in Thailand (2014) Residential 11,459 ktoe (15.1%) Commercial, 5,477 ktoe (7.2%) Transport, 26,801 ktoe (35.4%) Agriculture 3,957 ktoe (5.2%) Industrial 28,110 ktoe (37.1%) Source: Energy Balance of Thailand 2014, DEDE 2015

7 GHG emissions from transport sector in Thailand Freight 59% Passenger 41% Air Mode 2.06% Rail Mode 0.68% Road Mode 96.84% Water Mode 0.42% Source of GHG emissions from transport sector by type of service Source of GHG emissions from transport sector by mode Source: Thailand Stocktaking Report on Sustainable Source: Office of Transport and Traffic Policy and Planning

8 Avoid Shift - Improve: Holistic approach to transport energy efficiency AVOID unnecessary trips REDUCE km SHIFT modes IMPROVE vehicles low carbon fuels

9 How to reduce emissions in passenger transport? total emissions approaches = transport demand [passenger km] Avoid traffic e.g. reduce needs for mobility and distances by means of integrated planning x energy intensity [joule per pkm] Shift traffic & push efficiency e.g. reduce fuel consumption of vehicles and shift traffic to towards more efficient modes x CO 2 - intensity [CO 2e per joule] Switch fuel e.g. use low carbon fuels such as sustainable biofuels or renewable electricity

10 Trends in specific consumption of road transport per vehicle in Thailand toe/vehicle Average Gasoline Diesel Slight decrease in the average specific energy consumption of road transport per vehicle Strong decrease for diesel vehicles (-3% per year), partly linked to the rapid growth of the stock of light vehicles. Low value for gasoline due to the importance of motorcycles Source: Thai-German Programme on Energy Efficiency Development Plan (TGP-EEDP)

11 Fuel economy policies Fuel economy standard CO 2 taxation Fiscal Regulatory Eco sticker Customer information

12 Financial Savings Reduced dependence on oil What can fuel economy deliver? Lower carbon emissions Air quality benefits Source : Lew Fulton, UC Davis

13 Key elements of a green freight strategy with focus on road transport AVOID Reducing freight volume and haul distance Avoiding empty trips Increasing load factor GREEN FREIGHT (ROAD TRANSPORT) SHIFT Shifting road transport to non-motorised traffic Shifting road transport to rail Shifting road transport to ship IMPROVE Technologies for fuel efficient trucks Operational measures Reduction of air pollutants/noise FUEL Using alternative fuels and drive systems Improving fuel quality Appropriate vehicle sizes Source : Martin Schmied 1

14 Source: Martin Schmied

15 Source: Martin Schmied

16 Existing policies relevant to transport sector in Thailand Partially implemented/implemented Planned/Planning Studied/Intended High-occupancy vehicle lanes (P) Real-time public transport information (P) Low-emission zones (P/F) Pipelines (F) Import restriction for inefficient vehicles (P/F) Fuel economy/emission standard (P/F) Bike sharing (P) Urban PT infrastructure (P) Car labeling (P) Intelligent Transport System (ITS) (P/F) Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) (P) Master planning for PT/NMT (P) Non-Motorized Transport (NMT), PT friendly building regulations (P) Integrated ticketing (P) Non-urban rail improvements (P/F) Improve logistics centres and their location (F) Master planning for rail and water (F) EV/hybrid/hydrogen infrastructure (P/F) Certification system for lowcarbon companies (Voluntary carbon reduction program) (F) Mixed-use planning (P) High-speed rail infrastructure (P/F) Integrated land-use planning (P) Bus route optimization and prioritization (P) Source: Policy gap analysis report (draft), GIZ (2016)

17 ASEAN German Technical Cooperation Existing policies relevant to transport sector Not intended in the near future Road pricing (P) Parking management (P) Parking pricing (P) Public transport fare level/structures (P) Incentive for public transport (PT) investments (operations) (P) Car sharing (P) Regulatory and physical restrictions on car use (P/F) Vehicle scrapping/fleet replacement (P/F) Tyre standard (F) Aerodynamics standards (F) Source: Policy gap analysis report (draft), GIZ (2016)

18 Our publications Thailand Stocktaking report Monitoring transport GHG emissions in Thailand (to be published in soon) The Study for a NAMA People-centred Urban Mobility in Thailand (to be published in soon)

19 Learn more about GIZ transport in ASEAN and around the globe

20 Thank you Contact: Tali Trigg Papondhanai Nanthachatchanvankul