Chapter 8: Optical Fibers and Components

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Chapter 8: Optical Fibers and Components"

Transcription

1 Chapter 8: Optical Fibers and Components TOPICS WDM optical networks Light transmitted through an optical fiber Types of optical fibers Impairments Components: Lasers, optical amplifiers, couplers, OXCs Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 1

2 A point-to-point WDM optical link Tx λ 1 λ 1 Rx Tx λ W Power amplifier optical fiber In-line amplification optical fiber Preamplifier λ W Rx Wavelength multiplexer Wavelength demultiplexer Typically, up to 300 km without the need for amplification. Speed (on a wavelength): 10 G, 40 G, 100 G (soon) No. of wavelengths: 40, 80, 160 Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 2

3 An example of an optical network Mesh network Ring 1 Ring 4 Ring 2 Ring 3 Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 3

4 How light is transmitted through an optical fiber Wave Electric field Source Light propagates in a series of electromagnetic spherical waves. On the front of each wave there is an electrical field and vertical to it there is a magnetic field Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 4

5 An optical fiber Cladding Core Cladding Core and cladding Cladding Core Cladding Core Refractive index n 1 Refractive index n 1 n 2 n 2 Radial distance Radial distance a) Step-index fiber b) graded-index fiber Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 5

6 Refraction and reflection of a light ray θ f Refracted ray n 2 n 1 θ ι θ r Incident ray Reflected ray Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 6

7 Angle of launching a ray into the fiber Cladding Cladding Core Core θ l θ ι θ r Cladding Cladding Cladding Optical transmitter Core Cladding Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 7

8 Multi-mode fibers It carries multiple light rays concurrently, each at a slightly different reflection angle within the optical fiber core. It is used for short distance (LANs) Core/diameter of a multi-mode fiber: 50/125 µm, 62.5/125 µm, 100/140 µm Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 8

9 Multi-mode fibers Light can enter the core at different angles, making it easier to connect the light source to broader light sources such as LEDs. Light rays travel down multiple reflective paths (modes) These reflective paths reinforce each other or cancel each other at specific points Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 9

10 Electric fields in multi-mode fibers 2 A Cladding Core 1 B Cladding The electric fields of the two rays are reinforced if both are going up or down. On the other hand, when one goes up and the other down, they cancel each other, and no light is formed Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 10

11 Electric field amplitudes for various fiber modes Cladding Core m=0 m=1 m=2 Cladding Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 11

12 Propagation of modes Cladding Cladding a) step-index fiber Cladding Cladding b) Graded-index fiber Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 12

13 Single-mode fiber Cladding Cladding It is designed for the transmission of a single ray or mode of light as a carrier. It is used for long-distance transmission. Core/diameter: 9 or 10 / 125 µm Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 13

14 Impairments The transmission of light through an optical fiber is subjected to optical effects, known as impairments. There are: linear impairments, and non-linear impairments. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 14

15 Linear impairments These impairments are called linear because their effect is proportional to the length of the fiber. Attenuation: Attenuation is the decrease of the optical power along the length of the fiber. Dispersion Dispersion is the distortion of the shape of a pulse. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 15

16 Attenuation Attenuation, db Wavelength, nm Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 16

17 Dispersion Dispersion is due to a number of reasons, such as modal dispersion, chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 17

18 Modal dispersion Power Power Power Time Time Time In multi-mode fibers some modes travel a longer distance to get to the end of the fiber than others In view of this, the modes have different delays, which causes a spreading of the output pulse Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 18

19 Chromatic dispersion It is due to the fact that the refractive index of silica is frequency dependent. In view of this, different frequencies travel at different speeds, and as a result they experience different delays. These delays cause spreading in the duration of the output pulse. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 19

20 Chromatic dispersion can be corrected using a dispersion compensating fiber. The length of this fiber is proportional to the dispersion of the transmission fiber. Approximately, a spool of 15 km of dispersion compensating fiber is placed for every 80 km of transmission fiber. Dispersion compensating fiber introduces attenuation of about 0.5 db/km. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 20

21 Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) It is due to the fact that the core of the fiber is not perfectly round. In an ideal circularly symmetric fiber the light gets polarized and it travels along two polarization planes which have the same speed. When the core of the fiber is not round, the light traveling along the two planes may travel at different speeds. This difference in speed will cause the pulse to break. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 21

22 Non-linear impairments They are due to the dependency of the refractive index on the intensity of the applied electrical field. The most important non-linear effects in this category are: selfphase modulation and four-wave mixing. Another category of non-linear impairments includes the stimulated Raman scattering and stimulated Brillouin scattering. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 22

23 Types of fibers Multi-mode fibers: They are used in LANs and more recently in 1 Gigabit Ethernet and 10 Gigabit Ethernet. Single-mode fiber is used for long-distance telephony, CATV, and packet-switched networks. Plastic optical fibers (POF) Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 23

24 Single-mode fibers: Standard single-mode fiber (SSMF): Most of the installed fiber falls in this category. It was designed to support early long-haul transmission systems, and it has zero dispersion at 1310 nm. Non-zero dispersion fiber (NZDF): This fiber has zero dispersion near 1450 nm. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 24

25 Negative dispersion fiber (NDF): This type of fiber has a negative dispersion in the region 1300 to 1600 nm. Low water peak fiber (LWPF): The peak in the attenuation curve at 1385 nm is known as the water peak. With this new type of fiber this peak is eliminated, which allows the use of this region. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 25

26 Plastic optical fibers (POF) Single-mode and multi-mode fibers have a high cost and they require a skilled technician to install them. POFs on the other hand, are very low-cost and they can be easily installed by an untrained person. The core has a very large diameter, and it is about 96% of the diameter of the cladding. Plastic optic fibers find use in digital home appliance interfaces, home networks, and cars Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 26

27 Components Lasers Photo-detectors and optical receivers Optical amplifiers The 2x2 coupler Optical cross connects (OXC) Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 27

28 Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation (Laser) A laser is a device that produces a very strong and concentrated beam. It consists of an energy source which is applied to a lasing material, a substance that emits light in all directions and it can be of gas, solid, or semiconducting material. The light produced by the lasing material is enhanced using a device such as the Fabry-Perot resonator cavity. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 28

29 Fabry-Perot resonator cavity. It consists of two partially reflecting parallel flat mirrors, known as facets, which create an optical feedback that causes the cavity to oscillate. Light hits the right facet and part of it leaves the cavity through the right facet and part of it is reflected. Left facet Right facet Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 29

30 Since there are many resonant wavelengths, the resulting output consists of many wavelengths spread over a few nm, with a gap between two adjacent wavelengths of 100 to 200 GHz. A single wavelength can be selected by using a filtering mechanism that selects the desired wavelength and provides loss to the other wavelengths. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 30

31 Tunable lasers Tunable lasers are important to optical networks Also, it is more convenient to manufacture and stock tunable lasers, than make different lasers for specific wavelengths. Several different types of tunable lasers exist, varying from slow tunability to fast tunability. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 31

32 Modulation Modulation is the addition of information on a light stream This can be realized using the on-off keying (OOK) scheme, whereby the light stream is turned on or off depending whether we want to modulate a 1 or a 0. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 32

33 WDM and dense WDM (DWDM) WDM or dense WDM (DWDM) are terms used interchangeably. DWDM refers to the wavelength spacing proposed in the ITU-T G.692 standard in the 1550 nm window (which has the smallest amount of attenuation and it also lies in the band where the Erbium-doped fiber amplifier operates.) The ITU-T grid is not always followed, since there are many proprietary solutions. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 33

34 The ITU-T DWDM grid Channel λ (nm) Channel λ (nm) Channel λ (nm) Channel λ (nm) code code code code Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 34

35 Photo-detectors and optical receivers The WDM optical signal is demultiplexed into the W different wavelengths, and each wavelength is directed to a receiver. Each receiver consists of a photodetector, an amplifier, and signal-processing circuit. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 35

36 Optical amplifiers The optical signal looses its power as it propagates through an optical fiber, and after some distance it becomes too weak to be detected. Optical amplification is used to restore the strength of the signal Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 36

37 λ 1 Tx λ 1 Rx Tx λ W Power amplifier optical fiber In-line amplification optical fiber Preamplifier λ W Rx Wavelength multiplexer Wavelength demultiplexer Amplifiers: power amplifiers in-line amplifiers pre-amplifiers Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 37

38 1R, 2R, 3R Prior to optical amplifiers, the optical signal was regenerated by first converting it into an electrical signal, then apply 1R (re-amplification), or 2R (re-amplification and re-shaping) or 3R (re-amplification, re-shaping, and re-timing) and then converting the regenerated signal back into the optical domain. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 38

39 The Erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) Signal to be amplified 1550 nm Coupler Isolator Erbium-doped fiber Isolator Laser 850 nm Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 39

40 Two-stage EDFA Signal to be amplified 1550 nm Isolator Coupler Erbium-doped fiber Coupler Isolator Laser 850 nm Laser 850 nm Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 40

41 Raman optical amplifiers It boosts the signal by transferring energy from a powerful pump signal to a weaker signal. It is typically stationed at the end of a fiber run and pumps backward several kilometers to amplify signals through that region Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 41

42 The 2x2 coupler Fiber 1 Input 1 Output 1 Input 2 Fiber 2 Output 2 Tapered region Coupling region Tapered region The 2x2 coupler is a basic device in optical networks, and it can be constructed in variety of different ways. A common construction is the fused-fiber coupler. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 42

43 3-dB coupler A 2x2 coupler is called a 3-dB coupler when the optical power of an input light applied to, say input 1 of fiber 1, is evenly divided between output 1 and output 2. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 43

44 If we only launch a light to the one of the two inputs of a 3-dB coupler, say input 1, then the coupler acts as a splitter. If we launch a light to input 1 and a light to input 2 of a 3-dB coupler, then the two lights will be coupled together and the resulting light will be evenly divided between outputs 1 and 2. In the above case, if we ignore output 2, the 3-dB coupler acts as a combiner. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 44

45 A banyan network of 3-dB couplers λ 1 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 2 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 3 λ 4 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 5 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 6 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 7 λ 8 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 λ 1,λ 2..,λ 8 Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 45

46 Optical cross connects (OXCs) Input fibers λ 1 CPU Output fibers λ 1 λ W Fiber 1 λ W Fiber 1 λ 1 λ 1 λ W Fiber N Switch fabric λ W Fiber N Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 46

47 OXC functionality It switches optically all the incoming wavelengths of the input fibers to the outgoing wavelengths of the output fibers. For instance, it can switch the optical signal on incoming wavelength λ i of input fiber k to the outgoing wavelength λ i of output fiber m. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 47

48 Converters: If it is equipped with converters, it can switch the optical signal of the incoming wavelength λ i of input fiber k to another outgoing wavelength λ j of the output fiber m. This happens when the wavelength λ i of the output fiber m is in use. Converters typically have a limited range within they can convert a wavelength. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 48

49 Optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM): An OXC can also be used as an OADM. That is, it can terminate the optical signal of a number of incoming wavelengths and insert new optical signals on the same wavelengths in an output port. The remaining incoming wavelengths are switched through as described above. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 49

50 Transparent and Opaque Switches Transparent switch: The incoming wavelengths are switched to the output fibers optically, without having to convert them to the electrical domain. Opaque switch: The input optical signals are converted to electrical signals, from where the packets are extracted. Packets are switched using a packet switch, and then they are transmitted out of the switch in the optical domain. Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 50

51 Switch technologies Several different technologies exist: micro electronic mechanical systems (MEMS) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) beam steering (Polatis) holograms Also, 2x2 directional coupler, such as the electro-optic switch, the thermo-optic switch, and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, can be used to construct large OXC switch fabrics Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 51

52 2D MEMS switching fabric Input ports Up i Down Actuator Mirro r j Output ports Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 52

53 A 2D MEMS OADM Drop wavelengths λ 1,λ 2..,λ W λ 1,λ 2..,λ W λ 1,λ 2..,λ W i λ 1,λ 2..,λ W Add wavelengths Terminate wavelengths Logical design Add wavelengths 2D MEMS implementation Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 53

54 3D MEMS switching fabric Output wavelengths MEMS array Input wavelengths Inside ring y axis Mirro r x axis MEMS array Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 54

55 Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) A SOA is a pn-junction that acts as an amplifier and also as an on-off switch Current p-type n-type Optical signal Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 55

56 Α 2x2 SOA switch Wavelength λ 1 is split into two optical signals, and each signal is directed to a different SOA. One SOA amplifies the optical signal and permits it to go through, and the other one stops it. As a result λ 1 may leave from either the upper or the lower output port. Switching time is currently about 100 psec. Polymer waveguides SOAs Polymer waveguides λ 1 λ 2 Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 56

57 Beam steering (Polatis) Connection-Oriented Networks - Harry Perros 57

Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Wavelength Division Multiplexing WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing -CWDM vs DWDM- Fargo, ND 1 Agenda 1. Overview 2. Fiber Cable WDM Characteristics 3. CWDM Course WDM 4. DWDM Dense WDM 5. Applications Best Fit- Future? 6. Summary Fargo,

More information

Limiting factors in fiber optic transmissions

Limiting factors in fiber optic transmissions Limiting factors in fiber optic transmissions Sergiusz Patela, Dr Sc Room I/48, Th. 13:00-16:20, Fri. 9:20-10:50 sergiusz.patela@pwr.wroc.pl eportal.pwr.wroc.pl Copying and processing permitted for noncommercial

More information

Designing Fiber Optic Systems David Strachan

Designing Fiber Optic Systems David Strachan Designing Fiber Optic Systems David Strachan Everyone knows that fiber optics can carry a huge amount of data. There are more benefits to using fiber optics in broadcast applications than you might realize.

More information

Good day. Today, we will be speaking about fiber optic components and fiber optic communication.

Good day. Today, we will be speaking about fiber optic components and fiber optic communication. Computer networks Prof: Sujoy Ghosh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur Fiber Optic Components Lecture -10 Good day. Today, we will be speaking about

More information

IEO 5701 Optical Fiber Communication. 2015 Lecture 1

IEO 5701 Optical Fiber Communication. 2015 Lecture 1 IEO 5701 Optical Fiber Communication 2015 Lecture 1 Course Outline Lecturer : Prof. CHOW Chi Wai ( 鄒 志 偉 ) Email : cwchow@faculty.nctu.edu.tw TA: Mr. C. W. Hsu ( 許 勁 崴 ) Email : dicky0812@gmail.com Course

More information

Fiber optic communication

Fiber optic communication Fiber optic communication Fiber optic communication Outline Introduction Properties of single- and multi-mode fiber Optical fiber manufacture Optical network concepts Robert R. McLeod, University of Colorado

More information

Suppression of Four Wave Mixing in 8 Channel DWDM System Using Hybrid Modulation Technique

Suppression of Four Wave Mixing in 8 Channel DWDM System Using Hybrid Modulation Technique International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174, Volume 7, Number 2 (2014), pp. 97-108 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Suppression of Four

More information

Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics

Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics Photonics Technical Note # 21 Fiber Optics Fiber Optics: Fiber Basics Optical fibers are circular dielectric wave-guides that can transport optical energy and information. They have a central core surrounded

More information

Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems

Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Module 13 : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Lecture : Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Objectives In this lecture you will learn the following Measurements on Fiber Optic Systems Attenuation (Loss)

More information

Optical switches. Switching Technology S38.165. http://www.netlab.hut.fi/opetus/s38165. P. Raatikainen Switching Technology / 2004.

Optical switches. Switching Technology S38.165. http://www.netlab.hut.fi/opetus/s38165. P. Raatikainen Switching Technology / 2004. Optical switches Switching Technology S38.165 http://www.netlab.hut.fi/opetus/s38165 L13-1 Optical switches Components and enabling technologies Contention resolution Optical switching schemes L13-2 Components

More information

Introduction to Add-Drop Multiplexers

Introduction to Add-Drop Multiplexers 3 Introduction to Add-Drop Multiplexers In this chapter different channel routing technologies are reviewed, highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of the different devices and configurations. The parameters

More information

Fundamentals of Optical Communications

Fundamentals of Optical Communications University of Applied Science Departement of Electrical Eng. and Computer Science Fundamentals of Optical Communications Referent: Prof. Dr.-Eng. habilitas Steffen Lochmann S.Lochmann@gmx.net www.prof-lochmannde

More information

Dispersion in Optical Fibers

Dispersion in Optical Fibers Dispersion in Optical Fibers By Gildas Chauvel Anritsu Corporation TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction Chromatic Dispersion (CD): Definition and Origin; Limit and Compensation; and Measurement Methods Polarization

More information

High-Frequency Engineering / Photonics

High-Frequency Engineering / Photonics Technische Universität Berlin High-Frequency Engineering / Photonics K. Petermann petermann@tu-berlin.de Main campus High-Frequency Engineering. Electrical Engineering. Technical Acoustics High Voltage

More information

Modulation Formats for High-Speed, Long-Haul Fiber Optic Communication Systems

Modulation Formats for High-Speed, Long-Haul Fiber Optic Communication Systems Modulation Formats for High-Speed, Long-Haul Fiber Optic Communication Systems Anjali Singh, Ph.D. Inphi Corporation, 2393 Townsgate Rd #101, Westlake Village, CA 91361 1. Introduction The goal of an optical

More information

Introduction to Optical Link Design

Introduction to Optical Link Design University of Cyprus Πανεπιστήµιο Κύπρου 1 Introduction to Optical Link Design Stavros Iezekiel Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Cyprus HMY 445 Lecture 08 Fall Semester 2014

More information

Attaching the PA-A1-ATM Interface Cables

Attaching the PA-A1-ATM Interface Cables CHAPTER 4 Attaching the PA-A1-ATM Interface Cables To continue your PA-A1-ATM port adapter installation, you must attach the port adapter cables. The instructions that follow apply to all supported platforms.

More information

Multiplexing. Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single physical medium.

Multiplexing. Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single physical medium. Multiplexing Multiplexing is the set of techniques that allows the simultaneous transmission of multiple signals across a single physical medium. The following two factors in data communications lead to

More information

40-Gb/s Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmission System

40-Gb/s Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmission System 40-Gb/s Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmission System Kazuo Wani Takeshi Ono (Manuscript received March 25, 2009) Fujitsu Telecom Networks develops supplies optical transmission systems for

More information

Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor

Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor presents Optical Fibers Fiber Optic Cables Indoor/Outdoor Content Optical fiber function, types optical effects applications production of optical fibre Cable - general types Indoor Indoor / outdoor Outdoor

More information

Recession-Proof Consulting Services with CWDM Network Design

Recession-Proof Consulting Services with CWDM Network Design Recession-Proof Consulting Services with CWDM Network Design Presented By Ty Estes Marketing Communications Director Omnitron Systems Recession-Proof Consulting Services with CWDM Network Design Introduction

More information

What are Fibre Optics?

What are Fibre Optics? Fibre Optics Fibre Optics? Fibre optics (optical fibres) are the guiding channels through which light energy propagates. These are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the diameter of a human hair

More information

Lecture 3: Fibre Optics

Lecture 3: Fibre Optics Lecture 3: Fibre Optics Lecture aims to explain: 1. Fibre applications in telecommunications 2. Principle of operation 3. Single- and multi-mode fibres 4. Light losses in fibres Fibre is a transparent

More information

Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber

Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 2, Issue 12, December 2012 1 Different Types of Dispersions in an Optical Fiber N.Ravi Teja, M.Aneesh Babu, T.R.S.Prasad, T.Ravi B.tech

More information

GLOBAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY: YSR DIST. Unit VII Fiber Optics Engineering Physics

GLOBAL COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY: YSR DIST. Unit VII Fiber Optics Engineering Physics Introduction Fiber optics deals with the light propagation through thin glass fibers. Fiber optics plays an important role in the field of communication to transmit voice, television and digital data signals

More information

Simulation of Single Mode Fiber Optics and Optical Communication Components Using VC++

Simulation of Single Mode Fiber Optics and Optical Communication Components Using VC++ 300 Simulation of Single Mode Fiber Optics and Optical Communication Components Using VC++ Dr. Sabah Hawar Saeid Al-Bazzaz dr_sabah57@yahoo.com University of Science and Technology, Sana a, YEMEN Abstract:

More information

The Operation and Power Budget of Amplified Optical Networks for Aerospace Applications. FOHEC Conference May 2010

The Operation and Power Budget of Amplified Optical Networks for Aerospace Applications. FOHEC Conference May 2010 The Operation and Power Budget of Amplified Optical Networks for Aerospace Applications FOHEC Conference May 2010 BAE Systems / University of Strathclyde Henry White Walter Johnstone Craig Michie BAE Systems

More information

Optical Communications Systems

Optical Communications Systems Optical Amplifiers Dublin Institute of Technology School of Electronic and Communications Engineering Optical Communications Systems Optical Switching Dr. Yuliya Semenova Unauthorised usage or reproduction

More information

TransPacket white paper. CWDM and DWDM networking. Increasing fibre-optical network utilization and saving on switches/routers 28.06.

TransPacket white paper. CWDM and DWDM networking. Increasing fibre-optical network utilization and saving on switches/routers 28.06. TransPacket white paper CWDM and DWDM networking 28.06.2011 Increasing fibre-optical network utilization and saving on switches/routers Executive summary From being primarily a technology for transport

More information

Signal directionality Lower frequency signals are omnidirectional Higher frequency signals can be focused in a directional beam

Signal directionality Lower frequency signals are omnidirectional Higher frequency signals can be focused in a directional beam Transmission Media Transmission medium Physical path between transmitter and receiver May be guided (wired) or unguided (wireless) Communication achieved by using em waves Characteristics and quality of

More information

10G CWDM Conversion Technology

10G CWDM Conversion Technology 10G CWDM Conversion Technology Simplifying Today s Challenges By Transition Networks Curt Carlson Product Manager curtc@transition.com com Agenda WDM Technology Overview What are the features/benefits

More information

FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS. Optical Fibers

FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS. Optical Fibers FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS Optical Fibers Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and

More information

INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1 1. Cosmic Rays. Gamma Rays. X-Rays. Ultraviolet Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Infrared. Ultraviolet.

INTRODUCTION FIGURE 1 1. Cosmic Rays. Gamma Rays. X-Rays. Ultraviolet Violet Blue Green Yellow Orange Red Infrared. Ultraviolet. INTRODUCTION Fibre optics behave quite different to metal cables. The concept of information transmission is the same though. We need to take a "carrier" signal, identify a signal parameter we can modulate,

More information

EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak

EE4367 Telecom. Switching & Transmission. Prof. Murat Torlak FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATIONS Optical Fibers Fiber optics (optical fibers) are long, thin strands of very pure glass about the size of a human hair. They are arranged in bundles called optical cables and

More information

Cabling & Test Considerations for 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN

Cabling & Test Considerations for 10 Gigabit Ethernet LAN Introduction Current communication data rates in local networks range from 10/100 megabits per second (Mbps) in Ethernet to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) in fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) and Gigabit

More information

Finite Difference Time Domain and BPM: Flexible Algorithm Selection Technology

Finite Difference Time Domain and BPM: Flexible Algorithm Selection Technology Finite Difference Time Domain and BPM: Flexible Algorithm Selection Technology 1. Introduction This application note shows the use of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) module in the calculation

More information

Fibre Channel Fiber-to-Fiber Media Converters

Fibre Channel Fiber-to-Fiber Media Converters Fibre Channel Fiber-to-Fiber Media Converters CM-155-XX CM-131-XX Multi-mode to Single-mode series Single-mode to Single-mode series Low cost CCM-1600 Fibre Channel media converter modules by Canary Communications

More information

Bandwidth analysis of multimode fiber passive optical networks (PONs)

Bandwidth analysis of multimode fiber passive optical networks (PONs) Optica Applicata, Vol. XXXIX, No. 2, 2009 Bandwidth analysis of multimode fiber passive optical networks (PONs) GRZEGORZ STEPNIAK *, LUKASZ MAKSYMIUK, JERZY SIUZDAK Institute of Telecommunications, Warsaw

More information

MTS/T-BERD Platforms Very Long Range (VLR) OTDR Module

MTS/T-BERD Platforms Very Long Range (VLR) OTDR Module COMMUNICATIONS TEST & MEASUREMENT SOLUTIONS MTS/T-BERD Platforms (VLR) OTDR Module Key Features CWDM/DWDM ready with 1310, 1383, 1490, 1550, and 1625 nm wavelengths FTTx ready with 1310/1490/1550 nm wavelengths

More information

1. Benefits and History of Optical Networks. Definition. Tutorial Overview. Topics. History. Alcatel: Optical Networks Tutorial: Index Page 1 of 22

1. Benefits and History of Optical Networks. Definition. Tutorial Overview. Topics. History. Alcatel: Optical Networks Tutorial: Index Page 1 of 22 Alcatel: Optical Networks Tutorial: Index Page 1 of 22 Optical Networks Tutorial Definition Optical networks are high-capacity telecommunications networks based on optical technologies and components that

More information

Four Wave Mixing in Closely Spaced DWDM Optical Channels

Four Wave Mixing in Closely Spaced DWDM Optical Channels 544 VOL. 1, NO. 2, AUGUST 2006 Four Wave Mixing in Closely Spaced DWDM Optical Channels Moncef Tayahi *, Sivakumar Lanka, and Banmali Rawat Advanced Photonics Research lab, Department of Electrical Engineering

More information

1550 Video Overlay for FTTH

1550 Video Overlay for FTTH 1550 Video Overlay for FTTH The New Old Reliable Fernando Villarruel Leonard Ray John McKeon Service Provider Video Technology Group 1 Presentation Overview Background of Overlay in PON Deployment Architecture

More information

Fiber Optic Network Marketing - Current Technologies

Fiber Optic Network Marketing - Current Technologies Advanced Test Equipment Can Shorten TIme To Market For New Fiber Optic Communication Gear Raj Nair Keithley Instruments Inc. The recent battering of optical network and related stocks, along with those

More information

Integrated Photonic. Electronic. Optics. Optoelettronics. Integrated Photonic - G. Breglio L1. Quantum Mechanics Materials Science Nano/Bio-photonic

Integrated Photonic. Electronic. Optics. Optoelettronics. Integrated Photonic - G. Breglio L1. Quantum Mechanics Materials Science Nano/Bio-photonic Integrated Photonic Quantum Mechanics Materials Science Nano/Bio-photonic Optoelettronics Optics Electronic Applications of Optoelectronic Systems Solar cells OLED display LED Laser diodes Flexible OLED

More information

SDH and WDM A look at the physical layer

SDH and WDM A look at the physical layer SDH and WDM A look at the physical Andrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ Network management and QoS provisioning - 1 Copyright This

More information

Optical fiber basics in a nutshell

Optical fiber basics in a nutshell Optical fiber basics in a nutshell Nuphar Lipkin, Lambda Crossing, Israel Talk outline (a taste of): (Late 70-s: 1 st phone lines, 1988: 1 st TAT, now: FTTH) Optical communication systems- basic concepts,

More information

DIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES)

DIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES) Features: DIRECTIONAL FIBER OPTIC POWER MONITORS (TAPS/PHOTODIODES) PATENT NUMBERS: CANADA 2,494,133, USA 7095931, 7295731 AND CHINA 1672073 Telcordia GR-468 qualified Available in versions for any wavelength

More information

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA COMM.ENG INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS AND TRANSMISSION MEDIA 9/6/2014 LECTURES 1 Objectives To give a background on Communication system components and channels (media) A distinction between analogue

More information

Omni Antenna vs. Directional Antenna

Omni Antenna vs. Directional Antenna Omni Antenna vs. Directional Antenna Document ID: 82068 Contents Introduction Prerequisites Requirements Components Used Conventions Basic Definitions and Antenna Concepts Indoor Effects Omni Antenna Pros

More information

Plastic Optical Fiber for In-Home communication systems

Plastic Optical Fiber for In-Home communication systems Plastic Optical Fiber for In-Home communication systems Davide Visani 29 October 2010 Bologna E-mail: davide.visani3@unibo.it Summary Reason for Fiber in the Home (FITH) FITH scenario Comparison of CAT5

More information

Laser-Optimized Fiber

Laser-Optimized Fiber FIBER FAQs Laser-Optimized Fiber Technical Resource: Tony Irujo Manager, Customer Technical Support FIBER FAQs Laser-Optimized Fiber As transmission speeds over optical fiber networks in the enterprise

More information

Chapter 2 OPTICAL FIBER CHARACTERISTICS AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS

Chapter 2 OPTICAL FIBER CHARACTERISTICS AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS Chapter OPTICAL FIBER CHARACTERISTICS AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS One attractive aspect of optical fibers is their enormous bandwidth compared to other media, such as radio waves and twisted-pair wires.

More information

Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions

Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions Fiber Optics: Engineering from Global to Nanometer Dimensions Prof. Craig Armiento Fall 2003 1 Optical Fiber Communications What is it? Transmission of information using light over an optical fiber Why

More information

Alignement of a ring cavity laser

Alignement of a ring cavity laser Alignement of a ring cavity laser 1 Introduction This manual describes a procedure to align the cavity of our Ti:Sapphire ring laser and its injection with an Argon-Ion pump laser beam. The setup is shown

More information

The Conversion Technology Experts. Fiber Optics Basics

The Conversion Technology Experts. Fiber Optics Basics The Conversion Technology Experts Fiber Optics Basics Introduction Fiber optic technology is simply the use of light to transmit data. The general use of fiber optics did not begin until the 1970s. Robert

More information

Performance Management and Fault Management. 1 Dept. of ECE, SRM University

Performance Management and Fault Management. 1 Dept. of ECE, SRM University Performance Management and Fault Management 1 Dept. of ECE, SRM University Performance Management Performance management requires monitoring of the performance parameters for all the connections supported

More information

Simulation of Gaussian Pulses Propagation Through Single Mode Optical Fiber Using MATLAB . MATLAB

Simulation of Gaussian Pulses Propagation Through Single Mode Optical Fiber Using MATLAB . MATLAB Iraqi Journal of Science, 213, Vol.4, No.3, pp.61-66 Simulation of Gaussian Pulses Propagation Through Single Mode Optical Fiber Using MATLAB Salah Al Deen Adnan Taha *, Mehdi M. Shellal, and Ahmed Chyad

More information

RAY TRACING UNIFIED FIELD TRACING

RAY TRACING UNIFIED FIELD TRACING RAY TRACING Start to investigate the performance of your optical system using 3D ray distributions, dot diagrams of ray positions and directions, and optical path length. GEOMETRIC FIELD TRACING Switch

More information

Optical Networks. Definition. Overview. Topics

Optical Networks. Definition. Overview. Topics Optical Networks Definition Optical networks are high-capacity telecommunications networks based on optical technologies and components that provide routing, grooming, and restoration at the wavelength

More information

Optical Fibres. Introduction. Safety precautions. For your safety. For the safety of the apparatus

Optical Fibres. Introduction. Safety precautions. For your safety. For the safety of the apparatus Please do not remove this manual from from the lab. It is available at www.cm.ph.bham.ac.uk/y2lab Optics Introduction Optical fibres are widely used for transmitting data at high speeds. In this experiment,

More information

How To Read A Fiber Optic Sensor

How To Read A Fiber Optic Sensor 2572-17 Winter College on Optics: Fundamentals of Photonics - Theory, Devices and Applications 10-21 February 2014 Optical Fiber Sensors Basic Principles Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna Pisa Italy Optical Fiber

More information

Large-Capacity Optical Transmission Technologies Supporting the Optical Submarine Cable System

Large-Capacity Optical Transmission Technologies Supporting the Optical Submarine Cable System Large-Capacity Optical Transmission Technologies Supporting the Optical Submarine Cable System INOUE Takanori Abstract As one of the foundations of the global network, the submarine cable system is required

More information

Development of Optical Wave Microphone Measuring Sound Waves with No Diaphragm

Development of Optical Wave Microphone Measuring Sound Waves with No Diaphragm Progress In Electromagnetics Research Symposium Proceedings, Taipei, March 5 8, 3 359 Development of Optical Wave Microphone Measuring Sound Waves with No Diaphragm Yoshito Sonoda, Takashi Samatsu, and

More information

SDH and WDM: a look at the physical layer

SDH and WDM: a look at the physical layer SDH and WDM: a look at the physical SDH and WDM A look at the physical Andrea Bianco Telecommunication Network Group firstname.lastname@polito.it http://www.telematica.polito.it/ Network management and

More information

Data Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B

Data Transmission. Data Communications Model. CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies. Presentation B CSE 3461 / 5461: Computer Networking & Internet Technologies Data Transmission Presentation B Kannan Srinivasan 08/30/2012 Data Communications Model Figure 1.2 Studying Assignment: 3.1-3.4, 4.1 Presentation

More information

A More Efficient Way to De-shelve 137 Ba +

A More Efficient Way to De-shelve 137 Ba + A More Efficient Way to De-shelve 137 Ba + Abstract: Andrea Katz Trinity University UW REU 2010 In order to increase the efficiency and reliability of de-shelving barium ions, an infrared laser beam was

More information

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask Richard A Steenbergen NANOG 48 nlayer Communications, Inc. February 21 2010 1 Purpose of This Tutorial

More information

Simulation and Best Design of an Optical Single Channel in Optical Communication Network

Simulation and Best Design of an Optical Single Channel in Optical Communication Network International Arab Journal of e-technology, Vol., No., June 11 91 Simulation and Best Design of an Optical Single Channel in Optical Communication Network Salah Alabady Computer Engineering Department,

More information

USE OF FIBRE OPTICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CALIBRATION LABORATORY ACCREDITATION INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION

USE OF FIBRE OPTICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CALIBRATION LABORATORY ACCREDITATION INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION USE OF FIBRE OPTICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CALIBRATION LABORATORY ACCREDITATION INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION USE OF FIBRE OPTICS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR CALIBRATION LABORATORY ACCREDITATION

More information

SONET and DWDM: Competing Yet Complementary Technologies for The Metro Network

SONET and DWDM: Competing Yet Complementary Technologies for The Metro Network and : Competing Yet Complementary Technologies for The Metro Network Introduction The next generation of equipment has been well accepted by service providers and is being usefully deployed into networks

More information

Synthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors

Synthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors Synthetic Sensing: Proximity / Distance Sensors MediaRobotics Lab, February 2010 Proximity detection is dependent on the object of interest. One size does not fit all For non-contact distance measurement,

More information

Research issues in the next-generation photonic network physical layer

Research issues in the next-generation photonic network physical layer 10.1098/rsta.2000.0645 Research issues in the next-generation photonic network physical layer By A. M. Glass Bell Laboratories, Lucent Technologies, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA The explosive demand for

More information

Optical switching. UNSW School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications

Optical switching. UNSW School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications 1 Optical switching Figures from http://www.leehansen.com/clipart/seasons/spring/pages/rainbow.htm and Lucent 2 References Keshav & Varghese doesn t cover this (except brief reference on K p. 15) :-( Other

More information

Georgia Tech 100G Center

Georgia Tech 100G Center Georgia Tech Industry-University 100G Networking Center Stephen E Ralph Prof of Electrical and Computer Engineering stephen.ralph@ece.gatech.edu School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Georgia Tech

More information

PUMPED Nd:YAG LASER. Last Revision: August 21, 2007

PUMPED Nd:YAG LASER. Last Revision: August 21, 2007 PUMPED Nd:YAG LASER Last Revision: August 21, 2007 QUESTION TO BE INVESTIGATED: How can an efficient atomic transition laser be constructed and characterized? INTRODUCTION: This lab exercise will allow

More information

A continuously tunable multi-tap complexcoefficient microwave photonic filter based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating

A continuously tunable multi-tap complexcoefficient microwave photonic filter based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating A continuously tunable multi-tap complexcoefficient microwave photonic filter based on a tilted fiber Bragg grating Hiva Shahoei and Jianping Yao * Microwave Photonics Research Laboratory, School of Electrical

More information

Optical Communications

Optical Communications Optical Communications Telecommunication Engineering School of Engineering University of Rome La Sapienza Rome, Italy 2005-2006 Lecture #2, May 2 2006 The Optical Communication System BLOCK DIAGRAM OF

More information

Robert G. Hunsperger. Integrated Optics. Theory and Technology. Fourth Edition. With 195 Figures and 17 Tables. Springer

Robert G. Hunsperger. Integrated Optics. Theory and Technology. Fourth Edition. With 195 Figures and 17 Tables. Springer Robert G. Hunsperger Integrated Optics Theory and Technology Fourth Edition With 195 Figures and 17 Tables Springer Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Advantages of Integrated Optics 2 1.1.1 Comparison of

More information

AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light

AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light AP Physics B Ch. 23 and Ch. 24 Geometric Optics and Wave Nature of Light Name: Period: Date: MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Reflection,

More information

Incoherent beam combining using stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers

Incoherent beam combining using stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers Incoherent beam combining using stimulated Brillouin scattering in multimode fibers Timothy H. Russell and Won B. Roh Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio 45433 timothy.russell@afit.edu;

More information

CISCO DWDM XENPAK. Main features of the Cisco DWDM XENPAK include:

CISCO DWDM XENPAK. Main features of the Cisco DWDM XENPAK include: DATA SHEET CISCO DWDM XENPAK OVERVIEW The Cisco Dense Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (DWDM) XENPAK pluggable allows enterprise companies and service providers to provide scalable and easy-to-deploy 10

More information

Fiber Types in Gigabit Optical Communications

Fiber Types in Gigabit Optical Communications Fiber Types in Gigabit Optical Communications Abstract Fiber optic cables are the medium of choice in telecommunications infrastructure, enabling the transmission of high-speed voice, video, and data traffic

More information

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask. Richard A Steenbergen <ras@gt-t.net> NANOG 57 February 2013

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask. Richard A Steenbergen <ras@gt-t.net> NANOG 57 February 2013 Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Optical Networking But Were Afraid to Ask Richard A Steenbergen NANOG 57 February 2013 1 Purpose of This Tutorial Why talk about optical networking?

More information

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Pocket Guide WDM

Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Pocket Guide WDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Pocket Guide WDM Acterna is an active member of ITU-T Publisher: Author: Acterna Eningen GmbH Postfach 12 62 72795 Eningen u. A. Germany e-mail: ines.brunn@acterna.com

More information

Sol: Optical range from λ 1 to λ 1 +Δλ contains bandwidth

Sol: Optical range from λ 1 to λ 1 +Δλ contains bandwidth 1. Use Figure 3.47 and Figure 3.50 to explain why the bandwidth of twisted-wire pairs and coaxial cable decreases with distance. Figure 3.47 figure 3.50 sol: The bandwidth is the range of frequencies where

More information

October 1, 2015. (Press release) Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation

October 1, 2015. (Press release) Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (Press release) October 1, 2015 Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation High-density simultaneous compensation of distortion in wavelength-multiplexed signals using a time-reversal operation: World

More information

The Optical Submarine Repeater and Its Associated Technologies

The Optical Submarine Repeater and Its Associated Technologies The Optical Submarine Repeater and Its Associated Technologies YAMAGUCHI Shohei, MIKAMI Satoshi, AIDA Ryuji, NAGASAWA Toshihide Abstract The key to meeting the increasing needs of submarine cable systems

More information

Various Technics of Liquids and Solids Level Measurements. (Part 3)

Various Technics of Liquids and Solids Level Measurements. (Part 3) (Part 3) In part one of this series of articles, level measurement using a floating system was discusses and the instruments were recommended for each application. In the second part of these articles,

More information

Module 5. Broadcast Communication Networks. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur

Module 5. Broadcast Communication Networks. Version 2 CSE IIT, Kharagpur Module 5 Broadcast Communication Networks Lesson 1 Network Topology Specific Instructional Objectives At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to: Specify what is meant by network topology

More information

Design and Analysis of Digital Direct-Detection Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Using Volterra Series Approach

Design and Analysis of Digital Direct-Detection Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Using Volterra Series Approach Design and Analysis of Digital Direct-Detection Fiber-Optic Communication Systems Using Volterra Series Approach A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the School of Engineering and Applied Science

More information

Duobinary Modulation For Optical Systems

Duobinary Modulation For Optical Systems Introduction Duobinary Modulation For Optical Systems Hari Shanar Inphi Corporation Optical systems by and large use NRZ modulation. While NRZ modulation is suitable for long haul systems in which the

More information

Experiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure

Experiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure Northeastern University, PHYS5318 Spring 2014, 1 1. Introduction Experiment 5. Lasers and laser mode structure The laser is a very important optical tool that has found widespread use in science and industry,

More information

Fiber Characterization Service

Fiber Characterization Service About JDSU JDSU s verifies the integrity and capacity of your fiber plant through the measurement of key fundamental properties, such as attenuation, reflectance, and dispersion. Comprehensive testing,

More information

Modern Classical Optics

Modern Classical Optics Modern Classical Optics GEOFFREY BROOKER Department of Physics University of Oxford OXPORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Contents 1 Electromagnetism and basic optics 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 The Maxwell equations 1

More information

Cisco ONS 15454 Multiservice Transport Platform 7.0

Cisco ONS 15454 Multiservice Transport Platform 7.0 Product Bulletin No. 3212 Multiservice Transport Platform 7.0 Product Overview The Cisco ONS 15454 Multiservice Transport Platform (MSTP) offers a unique solution for delivering any wavelength to any location

More information

Making OSNR Measurements In a Modulated DWDM Signal Environment

Making OSNR Measurements In a Modulated DWDM Signal Environment Making OSNR Measurements In a Modulated DWDM Signal Environment Jack Dupre Jim Stimple Making OSNR measurements in a modulated DWDM signal environment May 2001 In a DWDM spectrum, it is desirable to measure

More information

CWDM: lower cost for more capacity in the short-haul

CWDM: lower cost for more capacity in the short-haul MARCUS NEBELING, Fiber Network Engineering The opportunity to add two to eight wavelengths per fiber allows network designers to increase capacity without installing costly DWDM systems. Fiber Network

More information

This white paper will provide an overview of the underlying technology of Coherent DWDM and the advantages of the Arista 7500E Series DWDM solution.

This white paper will provide an overview of the underlying technology of Coherent DWDM and the advantages of the Arista 7500E Series DWDM solution. ARISTA WHITE PAPER CLOUD INTERCONNECT: DWDM INTEGRATED SOLUTION FOR SECURE LONG HAUL TRANSMISSION The phenomenal growth in mobile, video streaming and Cloud services is driving the need for higher bandwidth

More information

Light Link Series 2 LT1550. Laser Transmitter with Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier. Description. Features

Light Link Series 2 LT1550. Laser Transmitter with Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier. Description. Features Description The Light Link Series 2 optical transmitter model employs a high performance thermally stabilised, DFB, low-chirp, isolated laser to transmit CATV signals. Operating on a specific optical wavelength

More information