Integrated Photonic. Electronic. Optics. Optoelettronics. Integrated Photonic - G. Breglio L1. Quantum Mechanics Materials Science Nano/Bio-photonic

Transcription

1 Integrated Photonic Quantum Mechanics Materials Science Nano/Bio-photonic Optoelettronics Optics Electronic

2 Applications of Optoelectronic Systems Solar cells OLED display LED Laser diodes Flexible OLED

3 Information Contact: Website: Ricevimento: Giovanni Breglio martedì ore.30 piano plaz.na DIET Didactic Material : S.O. Kasap, Optoelectronics and Photonics H. Nishihara, Optical Integrated Circuits L. Pavesi, Silicon Photonics Papers, slides 3

4 Lecture Organization. Richiami di ottica. Richiami di trasmissione guidata. 3. Guide planari. 4. Dispositivi ottici passivi. 5. Richiami di fibre ottiche. 6. Componenti a fibre ottiche. 7. Principi fisici di alterazione delle proprietà ottiche. 8. Dispositivi ottici attivi integrati. 9. Gli emettitori LASER. 0. Fotorivelatori e fotodiodi.. Tecnologie di realizzazione. 4

5 Typical Optoelectronic System Light Optical sources Source Lasers LEDs Gas With discharges Gas Filament lamps wire Fluorescent lamps Natural sources Source Transfer Medium for of light the light through transmission the system Directly Free space through free space Indirectly With lenses using and lenses mirrors& mirrors light Waveguide guides optical Optical fibres Fibers Detectors Photodiodes photodiodes Photomultipliers photomultipliers Photographic film CCDs & diode arrays TV Human tubeseye The eye 5

6 The Compact Optical Disc 6

7 Compact Optical Disc Pick-up 7

8 Compact Optical Disc (CD) 8

9 Compact Optical Disc Player Cross-section of a double-layer DVD+R disc 9

10 Fiber Optic Communication 0

11 Different connections

12 The Optical Fiber history Professor Charles Kao who has been recognized as the inventor of fiber optics is receiving an IEE prize from Professor John Midwinter (998 at IEE Savoy Place, London, UK; courtesy of IEE)

13 Optical Communications TRANSMITTER FIBRE RECEIVER + + 3

14 Optical Networks System Laser Modulator Fiber Amplifiers Detector Input signal Output signal 4

15 Base Project of an optical link Transmitter Connector Fiber junction Fiber Receiver 5

16 Standard Single-Mode (SM) Fibre Fibre Fibrecore SiO SiO + GeO GeO Ø 0 0 µm µm n.443 SiO SiO Cladding Ø 5 5 µm µm n Primary coating (soft) (soft) Ø µm µm Secondary coating (hard) Ø mm mm 6

17 Fibre (SiO ) losses attenuation (db/km) UV losses scattering Rayleigh OH - -pick IR limits 0.6 db/km wavelength (µm).8 7

18 Regeneration Unit shape and time regeneration Modulation & bit rate dipendent! Biasing Telemetry & Remote Control 8

19 In fiber optical amplifier Signal in Optical isolator Wavelength-selective coupler Splice Er 3+ -doped fiber (0-0 m) Splice Optical isolator Signal out λ = 550 nm λ = 550 nm Pump laser diode λ = 980 nm Termination 9

20 Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) 30 EDFA gain (db) wavelength (nm) Er-doped fiber PUMP LASER 0.98 µm or.48 µm MUX FILTER 0

21 SLAB waveguide theory Light Light Light n n Light n > n

22 Dielectric Filters Incoming Spectrum Transmitted Spectrum 0 db Reflected Spectrum Layers Substrate 30 db 535 nm 555 nm

23 3 Snell s law and TIR Snell s law and TIR n sinθ = n sinθ A B n C θ n θ sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos θ θ θ θ θ θ θ θ n n n n n n n n r n n n n n n r TM TE + = + =

24 Multimodal Dispersion High modes Low modes Light pulse Intensity Cladding Core Intensity Axial Spread, τ 0 t t 4

25 RIB waveguides 5

26 Laser Typical values: Power in in fiber: -0 mw Max: mw Direct Modulation : -0 GHz 6

27 Semiconductor Lasers CAN case Coaxial PKG DIP Type Butterfly Type 7

28 Integrated DFB-ME 0Gb/s module, Ith = 0mA, Pmax = extinction ratio = 5dB for -.5V. 8

29 Passive Components 9

30 AWG λ a λ a λ 3a λ 4a λ b λ b λ 3b λ 4b λ c λ c λ 3c λ 4c λ d λ d λ 3d λ 4d λ a λ 4b λ 3c λ d λ a λ b λ 4c λ 3d λ c λ 4d λ 3a λ b λ 4a λ 3b λ c λ d Rows.... are transformed in.... columns 30

31 AWG Arrayed Waveguide Grating Waveguide Array Free Propagation Regions Focal plane Input waveguide output waveguides 0 transmission (db) λ λ λ3 λ wavelength (nm) 3

32 Integrated Light Modulation 3

33 Integrated Light Modulation Based on Mach-Zehnder DFB laser with external modulator on the same chip Laser Modulatore 33

34 Detector and Photodiode Typical Values: Responsivity ~ ma / mw Bandwidth : -0 GHz + 34

35 Optical Communication Systems First Generation, ~975, 0.8 µm Fiber-MM, Laser GaAs o LED Second Generation, ~980,.3 µm, fiber MM SM InGaAsP FP-laser or LED Third Generation, ~985,.55 µm, SM-fiber InGaAsP DFB-laser, ~ 990 Optical Amplifier Fourth Generation, 996,.55µm WDM systems Attenuation Wavelength (µm).8 35

36 WDM optical fibre Transmitter Optical Receiver optical + Transmitter Multi wavelength MUX DMX Receiver Multi wavelength 36

37 WDM Transmitter system Network Terminal NT NT NT NT λ λ λn- λn Multiplexer Add and Drop Demultiplexer λ λ λn- λn NT NT NT NT wavelength convention Wavelength Converter 37

38 Transmission capability # WDM-channels Gb/s Gb/s 0 Gb/s 00 Gb/s Tb/s 00 05? Channel bit rate (Gb/s) 38

39 Transmission capability 0000 Capability (Gb/s) , WDM experiments installed (0x / 6 yrs) ETDM 5 yrs (0x /.5 yrs) 0,

40 Underwater Links 40

41 Wavelength Division Multiplexing Transmitter Multi wavelength MUX ADM DMX Receiver Multi wavelength ADM System Capability: 996: 996: 6x.5 6x.5 Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s 998: 998: 80x.5 80x.5 Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s Gb/s 000: 000: 40x0 40x0 Gb/s Gb/s Tb/s Tb/s Detector Tunable laser ADM ADM: Add-Drop Multiplexer OXC: Optical CrossConnect ADM OXC 4

42 4λ x OXC with switches in OXC out Losses on-chip < 6 db Crosstalk Inter-channel < -0 db Dimensions 8x mm X X X X 4