Biology and Husbandry of Hamsters. DLAR Staff Training
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1 Biology and Husbandry of Hamsters DLAR Staff Training
2 Overview History Taxonomy Anatomy and physiology Reproduction Handling Behavior Diseases Uses in research
3 History
4 The Golden or Syrian Hamster
5 Hamsters Syrian or Golden (Mesocricetus auratus) Chinese (Cricetulus griseus) Armenian (Cricetulus migratorius) European (Cricetus cricetus) Dzungarian (Phodopus sungorus) South African (Mystromys albicaudatus)
6 Inbred Strains (M. auratus) BIO (R)14.6: muscular dystrophy BIO (R)4.24: obesity, adrenal tumors BIO (R)12.14: sex-linked hindlimb paralysis LHC/LAK: prion diseases Nude: no thymus, hairless
7 Anatomy and Physiology
8 General Information Cheek pouches Two-compartmented stomach Flank organs or scent glands Hibernate Susceptible to dental caries Adrenal glands larger in males Short gestation period (15-16 days) Short wide snout
9 Not present in other laboratory rodents Storage of bedding to babies Blood vessels easily seen No lymphatic drainage? Transplant site Cheek Pouches
10 Stomach A=non-glandular forestomach B= glandular stomach C= pancreas D= spleen E= liver
11 Reproduction
12 Sexing
13 Hand mating Monogamous pairs Harem Intermittent mating Mating Systems
14 Reproduction Sexual maturity: days, however, males are not usually bred until weeks of age and females at 6-10 weeks of age. Estrous cycle: 4 days No fertile post-partum estrus. Fertile estrus occurs 2-18 days post-weaning Gestation: days Litter size: 5-10 Weaning: 21 days
15 Handling
16 Handling & Restraint For cage change, either pick up by scruff or cup in your hands To restrain, grasp a handful of skin and make the hammy smile
17 Behavior
18 Behavioral Idiosyncrasies Solitary More nocturnal than other rodents don t wake them up suddenly Females can travel several kilometers in estrus Aggressive: females dominate males, and larger females dominates smaller ones Hibernate if temperature drops below 5 C (41 F) for extended periods. The ability to hibernate is associated with reproductive conditions and selection of laboratory bred hamsters for continuous production has resulted in strains which seem to have lost the ability to fully hibernate.
19 Conversion Formula F to C Deduct 32, then multiply by 5, then divide by 9 C to F Multiply by 9, then divide by 5, then add 32
20 Diseases
21 Viral Diseases Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCMV) Minute virus of mice (MVM) and Pneumonia virus of mice (PVM) Sendai virus
22 Bacterial Diseases Most cause diarrhea and intestinal pathology (commonly called wet tail and more technically known as proliferative ileitis) Tyzzer's disease is caused by the bacteria, Clostridium piliforme. C. piliforme lives in the intestine and is spread from animal to animal through fecal contamination of food and water. The bacteria can produce spores, which can survive for years in the environment, and are very resistant to heat and many disinfectants. The spores are shed in the feces of infected animals. Campylobacter, Clostridium, Escherichia, Helicobacter, Lawsonia, Salmonella
23 Parasitic Diseases Pinworms (Syphacia mesocriceti, obvelata) Tapeworms (Rodentolepis nana, Hymenolepis diminuta) Mites (Notoedres, Sarcoptes, Demodex)
24 Kidney and bladder tumors Brain tumors GI tumors Tumors
25 Uses in Research
26 Neuroscience Sexual behavior, hormone control of development, olfactory cues Circadian activity Vision Aging, muscular dystrophy, scrapie
27 Special Considerations May need reverse light cycle to facilitate studies Should be housed individually Long-term investment makes each hamster very valuable
28 Cancer Hamsters develop tumors in response to many viruses, such as adenovirus Cheek pouches are a site for tumor transplantation Hamster cells can be a source of LCMV
29
30 Sources of Information AALAS Training Manuals and CD ACLAM text (Laboratory Hamsters) LabDiet Laboratory Animal Care Course Pathology of Laboratory Rodents & Rabbits
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