Lecture Outline. The Nervous System. The Nervous System General Overview. The Nervous System General Overview
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1 Lecture Outline Overview & CNS General Overview of Nervous System Function CNS Functional components Neural networks Organization of the CNS General Overview 1. Sensory 2. Integration 3. Motor General Overview The integration of all three major functions 1
2 Cells are grouped into two functional categories Neurons Do all of the major functions on their own, are 1. Afferent 2. Interneurons 3. Efferent Neuroglia Play a supporting role to the neurons Divided into CNS and PNS Neuroglia CNS PNS» Astrocytes» Neurolemmocytes» Oligodendrocytes» Microglia» Satellite cells» Ependymal cells The general neuron & it s function Neurons 1. Afferent Conduct APs to the CNS Neurons 2. Interneurons Conduct APs within the CNS 2
3 Neurons 3. Efferent Conduct APs to the PNS Neuroglia What are the major functional components of the Nervous System? Brain Spinal Cord Afferent Tracts Efferent Tracts Ganglia Central Nervous System Peripheral Nervous System How do the structural components allow the nervous system to function correctly? Provides protected environment Bony protection Meninges Blood brain barrier Maintain correct ECF parameters How do the functional components allow the nervous system to function correctly Creates and modifies neuronal circuits organized into afferent & efferent tracts Functional areas in the CNS Gray & white matter Reflex pathways 3
4 Quick Review of Functional Anatomy Quick Review of Functional Anatomy Quick Review of Functional Anatomy Quick Review of Functional Anatomy 4
5 Neuronal Circuits The design of the circuit (arrangement of neurons) determines Level of divergence or convergence Spread or shrinkage of information Speed If a circuit will be autorhythmic There is plasticity to neuronal circuits Serial & Parallel Circuits Converging vs. Diverging Circuits Parallel After Discharge Circuit 5
6 Reverberating (Oscillating) Circuits Reflex Pathways What are reflexes? Types Monosynpatic vs. polysynaptic Contralateral, bilateral, ipsilateral Lab Session on Reflexes Organization of the CNS Central Nervous System is divided into two functional groups The brain The spinal cord What goes on in these two different areas? Sensory aspect Integrative aspect Motor aspect Organization of the CNS The Brain Functional organization Neuronal circuits organized into Gray matter & White Matter Gray Matter Consists of Non myelinated axon terminals Dendrites Cell Bodies Functions in signal processing (integration) Neurocrine / neurohormone secretion White Matter Consists of Myelinated axons Functions in Formation of tracts ascending or descending (SC) commissural, association, projection (B) 6
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