The Physiology of. Tropical Fish. Symposium Proceedings

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1 The Physiology of Tropical Fish Symposium Proceedings Adalberto Val David Randall International Congress on the Biology of Fishes San Francisco State University July 14-18, 1996.

2 The Physiology of Tropical Fish Symposium Proceedings Adalberto Val David Randall Physiology Section American Fisheries Society International Congress on the Biology of Fishes

3 San Francisco State University July 14-18, 1996.

4 Copyright 1996 Physiology Section, American Fisheries Society All rights reserved International Standard Book Number (ISBN) Notice This publication is made up of camera-ready, extended abstracts submitted by the authors without peer review or line editing, and therefore the papers in the volume should not be cited as primary literature. Since much of this work has been or will be published in the primary literature, please contact the authors if you are interested in a proper citation for their work. The quality of the papers printed here, both scientifically and typographically, are the sole responsibility of the authors. The Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society offers this compilation of papers in the interests of information exchange only, and m akes no claim as to the validity of the conclusions or recommendations presented in the papers.

5 PREFACE Tropical and deep sea fish are the frontiers of our knowledge of fisheries, with new species reported at frequent intervals. Despite the fact that these environments contain the majority of fish species, we know very little about their ecology and physiology. A meeting was held in the Hotel Tropicale in Manaus, Brazil in September 1994, to summarize our present state of knowledge of the Physiology and Biochemistry of the Fishes of the Amazon. Then in 1995, Adalberto Val and Vera Maria Fonseca de Almeida e Val wrote "FISHES OF THE AMAZON AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT, Physiological and Biochemical Aspects, published by Springer Verlag as volume 32 of their Zoophysiology series. In the current symposium, we have broadened the subject matter to include all aspects of tropical fish biology. Our knowledge of function in tropical fish is still rudimentary and this is reflected in the eclectic nature of this symposium. We hope, however, that the symposium will prove an int eresting introduction t o the many intriguing aspects of tropical fish biology. David Randall Department of Zoology University of British Columbia Adalberto Val Aquaculture - Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia de Brasil Salmonid Enhancement Program Fisheries and Oceans Canada CONGRESS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This Symposium is part of the International Congress on the Biology of Fishes, whose main sponsors were Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), the US National Biological Service (NBS) and San Francisco State University (SFSU). The main organizers of the Congress, on behalf of the Physiology Section of the American Fisheries Society, were Alec Maule of NBS (overall chair and registrations), of DFO (program and proceedings) and Ralph Larson of SFSU (local arrangements). I would like to extend a sincere thank you to the many contributors who took the time to prepare a written submission for these proceedings. Your efforts are very much appreciated.

6 TABLE OF CONTENTS Amazon fishes and their environment. Val, AL,VMFA Val, DJ Randall and DD MacKinlay...7 Relationships between oxygen uptake and activity levels in parrot fish from the Anderman Sea, Phuket. Taylor, EW, DJ Randall, JF Steffensen and NJ Bernier...13 The effects of plasma acid-base status on urea excretion in Nile tilapia. McKenzie, DJ, G Piraccini, P Bronzi and CL Bolis...19 Urea excretion in the erythrinidae, a tropical fresh water teleost fish. Moraes, G, VLP Polez, RHS Souza and JV Choudhuri...27 Ammonia and urea fluxes in Potamotrygon hysrix, a freshwater stingray of the Amazon. Barcellos,JFM, CM Wood and AL Val...33 Nitrogen metabolism in the tropical fresh water teleost Piaractus mesopotamicus submitted to environmental ph changes. Moraes G, PS Monzani, RHS Souza and AE Autran...39 Metabolic responses of tilapias with special reference to ambient oxygen. Kutty, MN...43 Gonad morphology of nile tilapia: Thailand and Taiwan strains. Del Mundo, RC...53 Aquatic surface respiration and cardiorespiratory responses of Piaractus mesopotamicus during graded and acute hypoxia. Rantin, FT and AL Kalinin...59 Respiratory aspects of fish of the Amazon. Val, AL...69 Hydrogen sulfide tolerance in Amazon fish. Affonso, E, and AV Waichman...75 The quality of the detritus used by Amazonian fish during the low water season. Yossa-Perdomo, MI and C Araujo-Lima...81 Histopathology of gills and accessory air-breathing organ of Lipostarcus pardalis exposed to crude oil. Ferreira da Costa, OT and ARL Farias...85 Influence of environmental factors on larval transport and coastal recruitment success in the silver mullet. Marin, BJ, A Quintero and JJ Dodson...89 Respiratory organs in erythrinid fishes. Fernandes, MN and SE Moron...93 Intraerythrocytic phosphates in Colossoma macropomum and Astronotus ocellatus of the Amazon. Marcon, JL and AL Val Effects of nitrite on hematological aspects of Astronotus ocellatus of the Amazon. Silva, MNP, OTF da Costa, VMFA Val and AL Val Gain and loss of heat resistance in the tropical fish, Astvanax bimaculatus of Venezuela. Chung, KS Ion regulation in ion poor, acidic waters of the Rio Negro. Gonzalez, RJ Gill morphology of the neon tetra. Wilson, J, W Vogl and DJ Randall Ecological implications of metabolic profiles of heart and skeletal muscles of fishes of the Amazon. Val, VMFA and LLL de Paneppucci Characterization of arginase from the tropical fresh water teleost fish Hoplerithrinus unitaeniatus. Moraes, G, VLP Polex, RHS Souza and AE Altran Cardiac energy metabolism in Amazonian fish. Driedzic, WR, VMF De Almeida-Val...139

Sources to Seafood: Mercury Pollution in the Marine Environment Background on Presenting Scientists

Sources to Seafood: Mercury Pollution in the Marine Environment Background on Presenting Scientists Celia Y. Chen, Ph.D Dartmouth College Research Professor Department of Biological Sciences Class of '78 Life Sciences Center HB 6044 Hanover, NH 03755 (603)646 2376 Celia.chen@dartmouth.edu Dr. Celia Chen