Static Plate Load Test

Transcription

1 // Static Plate Load Test MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 compactage Macben 1

2 Our themes today: Anix GmbH Overview Plate Load Test Belgium: SB250 / TB2000 France: NF P (ver. 2000) Luxemburg: CSDC-CT Germany: DIN AX 01 - The new generation practical procedure Anix GmbH Hintern Hecken Barleben Welcome in Barleben Tel.: , Fax: 57 [email protected] Jan Wieneke (sales) compactage Macben 2

3 Introduction and Application MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 Welcome to Anix GmbH The Anix GmbH is developing, producing and selling modern test devices for road construction and infrastructure. Production of products for Static Plate Load Tests Retrofit, uprade for Plate Load Test devices Service and calibration for Plate Load Testers Production of Planographs according to TP Eben Retrofit for Planographs according to TP Eben Construction and devoloping of devices/systems compactage Macben 3

4 Static Plate Load Test MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 Application of Plate Load Test Foundation ground reconnaissance Tests for self-monitoring Tests for control reasons Damage analysis compactage Macben 4

5 Different layersin the pavementof a street: formationlevel, frostblanketcourse, base withcrushed gravel, asphalt roadbase, base course, wearingcourse, roadsurface Abbildung der einzelnen Schichten im Oberbau einer schwerbelasteten Straße (Bauklasse SV) Purpose of Plate Load Test 1.) Determination of the load bearing capacity of single layers Evaluation of modulus M 1 (or M 2 ) Evaluation of strain modulus E V1 (or E V2 ) 2.) A ratio of strain modulus E V2 /E V1 is determined for an evaluation of the compaction situation. 3.) For a static calculation of basement and mat foundation the determined Westergaard modulus k s gives an approximate consideration of the yieldingness of the building ground. compactage Macben 5

6 Target of Plate Load Test Securing of the load bearing capacity of the traffic area (natural ground, subgrade and pavement) load bearing capacity means a maximum of capacity without regarding dynamical forces load bearing capacity means resistance against deformation The load bearing capacity influences the useful life compactage Macben 6

7 Possible consequences of deficient compaction and missing control compactage Macben 7

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10 Regulations in Belgium Standard-Specification TB 2000 Standaardbestek 250 MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 Standard-Specification TB 2000 D. 50. Grondwerk Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M HOOFDSTUK E : ONDERFUNDERINGEN EN FUNDERING E. 51. Onderfunderingen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 (zie 50.01) E. 52. Funderingen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 (zie 50.01) compactage Macben 10

11 Standaardbestek 250 Hoofdstuk 14 - Metingen en proeven 2.4 Hoofdstuk 4 - Voorbereidende werken en grondwerken Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 -> Hoofdstuk 5 - Onderfunderingen en funderingen Onderfunderingen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 -> Funderingen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 -> Andere verhardingen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 -> Hoofdstuk 7 - Rioleringen en afvoer van water Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 van grond -> Hoofdstuk 13 - Werken aan waterlopen Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 -> (voor de uitvoering van de proef mag ook het toestel worden gebruikt, beschreven in de norm DIN Plattendruckversuch ) SB TB Choice of load plate A 200 cm² - load plate is meant for the test on clay, brick clay, natural gravel aggregate (maximum size 40 mm) or crushed gravel (maximum size 40 mm). A 750 cm² - load plate is meant for the test on sand, gravel, natural aggregates (maximum size 75 mm) or crushed gravel (maximum size 75 mm. The thickness of the layer has to be considered: - 8 and 48 cm -> 200 cm² - load plate - 10 to 90 cm -> 750 cm² - load plate compactage Macben 11

12 SB TB Preload Preload 0.02 MN / m² To be hold at least for 1 min The electronic sets s=0 if s < 0.02 mm / min SB TB First load cycle a) for voor een wegbaan en een ophoging : increase gradually from 0.05 MN / m² to a maximum pressure of 0.25 MN / m² b) for onderfundering : Increase gradually from 0.10 MN / m² to a maximum pressure of 0.45 MN / m² c) for fundering : Increase gradually from 0.10 MN / m² to a maximum pressure of 0.55 MN / m² One step is to be operated each minute, as long as s < 0.02 mm / min compactage Macben 12

13 SB TB unload and second load cycle Unload to a pressure of 0.02 MN / m² (min 60 s, s < 0.02 mm / min ) This value of setting is meant to be the relative zero value for starting the second load cycle. SB TB Canceling of the testing cycle The test is to be discontinued, if the setting constitutes - more than 0.5 mm (load plate 200 cm²) or - more than 0.9 mm (load plate 750 cm²) during loading cycle. compactage Macben 13

14 SB TB Determination of M 1 and M cm²-load plate M 1 = D x ( p / s ); D= cm ²-load plate M 1 = D x ( p / s ); D=30.91 a) for grond of voor een ophoging s at 0.15 MN / m² and 0.05 MN / m² ; p = 0.10 MN / m² b) for onderfunderingen s at 0.25 MN / m² and 0.15 MN / m² ; p = 0.10 MN / m² c ) for fundering s at 0.35 MN / m² and 0.25 MN / m² ; p = 0.10 MN / m² SB TB graphical evaluation Indication for immediate print and Excel chart Chart: - Pressure p in the horizontal (x-axis); scale : 0.1 MN / m² - Setting s in the vertical (y-axis); scale: 1 mm Representation of the load levels and ratios Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 is determined depending on the load levels for the required three soil types in MN / m² with an accuracy of 0.01 MN / m². compactage Macben 14

15 Regulation in France NF P (ver. 2000) MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 NF P (ver. 2000) Choice of load plate Usage of a load plate with a diameter of 600 mm compactage Macben 15

16 NF P (ver. 2000) Preload First load cycle Preload 500 dan ( dan) for s (is equivalent to 0.02 MN / m² ) First load 7068 dan ( dan) for min. 30 s (is equivalent to 0.25 MN / m² ) till s < 0.02 mm with t > 15 s NF P (ver. 2000) Unload Second load cycle Unload within 5 s Second load 5654 dan ( dan) for 30 s (is equivalent to 0.20 MN / m² ) till s < 0.02 mm with t > 15 s compactage Macben 16

17 NF P (ver. 2000) Unload Second load cycle EV 2 = 90 / S Second load Luxemburg CSDC-CT MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 compactage Macben 17

18 Luxemburg The CSDC-CT (CAHIER SPECIAL DES CHARGES CLAUSES TECHNIQUES) refers to the french standard NF In the CSDC-CT the corresponding values for the strain modulus E v2 for the different layers and materials are called. The Netherlands MacBen bvba Winninglaan 10, 9140 Temse, Belgium, 19th November 2013 compactage Macben 18

19 The Netherlands The answer of one of our customers: We haven't any Standard for plate bearing test. We are using the DIN in the Netherlands Germany DIN This standard has been prepared by Technical Committee NA AA Baugrund, Laborversuche im Normenausschuss Bauwesen (NABau) of the DIN Deutsches Institut für Normung e. V. (Building and Civil Engineering Standards Committee). compactage Macben 19

20 DIN 18134: Choice of load plate Test DIN for soils with 150 mm large grain Test DIN for "Rocky" coarser soils or soft soils that can move laterally Test DIN airport construction in plate tests with the 762 mm plate and an evaluation on the foundation modulus are common. DIN Loading and unloading To determine the strain modulus, E v, the load shall be applied in not less than six stages, in approximately equal increments, until the required maximum normal stress is reached. Each increase in load (from stage to stage) shall be completed within one minute. The load shall be released in stages, to 50 % and 25 % of the maximum load and then to the load corresponding to the zero reading. Following that, a further (2 nd) loading cycle shall be carried out, in which the load is to be increased only to the penultimate stage of the first cycle. When testing soil, the time interval between the application of each load increment shall be two minutes, the load being held constant during this period. For subbase testing, one minute is sufficient. The gauge reading shall be recorded at the termination of each loading stage. compactage Macben 20

21 DIN DIN DIN Zeit Vorbelastung 0,1 0,1 0,005 MN/m² min 30 s Erstbelastung 1 0,08 0,45 0,035 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 2 0,16 0,85 0,07 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 3 0,25 0,125 0,1 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 4 0,33 0,17 0,135 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 5 0,42 0,21 0,17 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 6 0,5 0,25 0,2 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s Entlastung 60 s / 120 s 1 0,25 0,125 0,1 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 2 0,125 0,065 0,05 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 3 0,01 0,005 0,004 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s Zweitbelastung 1 0,08 0,45 0,035 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 2 0,16 0,85 0,07 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 3 0,25 0,125 0,1 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 4 0,33 0,17 0,135 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 5 0,42 0,21 0,17 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s Ende (Entlastung) 1 0,25 0,125 0,1 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 2 0,125 0,065 0,05 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 3 0,01 0,005 0,004 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s (Drittbelastung) 1 0,08 0,45 0,035 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 2 0,16 0,85 0,07 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 3 0,25 0,125 0,1 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 4 0,33 0,17 0,135 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s 5 0,42 0,21 0,17 MN/m² 60 s / 120 s DIN 18134: Test set-up compactage Macben 21

22 DIN 18134: force measuring Important: A manometer is not a strain gauge! A manometer is just a means of help! Regulated since DIN DIN 18134: Calibration Calibration of the plate loading apparatus shall be carried out as specified in Annex A. It is required before delivery and after repair and shall be repeated once a year. Calibration serves to verify the proper functioning of the plate loading apparatus and to ensure compliance of the measuring devices with requirements. It shall be carried out by a body that uses instruments with certified traceability to the international system of units. It shall be repeated at regular intervals to ensure performance of the loading test in accordance with this standard. compactage Macben 22

23 DIN Canceling of the testing cycle The test is to be discontinued, if the (absolut) setting constitutes - more than 5 mm (loadplate 300 mm) or - more than 8 mm (loadplate 600 mm) or - more than 13 mm (loadplate 762 mm). DIN 18134: Results of the measuring E v1 - strain modulus of first load cycle E v2 - strain modulus of second load cycle (E v3 - strain modulus of third load cycle) E v2 /E v1 - ratio (E v3 /E v1 - ratio) (E v3 /E v2 - ratio) K s - modulus of subgrade reaction (Westergaard modulus) compactage Macben 23

24 DIN 18134: Berechnung E v1 bzw. E v2 compactage Macben 24

25 DIN Modulus of subgrade reactionk s In order to determine the modulus of subgrade reaction, ks, for use in the design of road and airfield pavements, a 762 mm loading plate shall be used. A stress of MN / m² shall be maintained until the rate of settlement of the plate is less than 0.02 mm / min. The load shall then be applied in increments producing normal stresses of 0.04 MN / m², 0.08 MN / m², 0.14 MN / m², and 0.2 MN / m², with the load being maintained at each stage until the rate of settlement of the plate becomes less than 0.02 mm / min. The load may be released with one intermediate stage at 0.08 MN / m². compactage Macben 25

26 DIN Settlement-measuring device For measuring the settlement of the loading plate, a contact arm assembly shall be used. The settlement-measuring device consists of a frame supported at three points, a vertically adjustable, torsion-proof, rigid contact arm, a displacement transducer or dial gauge. The contact arm assembly with fulcrum is only suitable for settlement measurements in depths up to 0.3 m. The contact arm assembly with slide bearing can also be used in deeper pits. Preparing the test-field compactage Macben 26

27 The Plate Bearing System AX 01 The Plate Bearing System AX 01 Convenient measuring bridge for easy assembly and installation Hydraulic pump and cylinder with 150 mm stroke Extensions / ball joint Load plate 200 cm² or 750 cm² area Load plate with 300 mm, 600 mm or 762 mm diameter Electronic load cell (capacity: 100 kn) Electronic indicator 17 mm (2 mm + 15 mm) compactage Macben 27

28 The Plate Bearing System AX 01 Immediate determination of the Samendrukbaarheidsmodulus M 1 and M 2 in the display (for or 50.01) Save measurement progress on the SD card Expression levels and immediately load reduction as well as a graphic are printed Data acquisition with Microsoft Excel Conclusion Belgium, France and Germany each have their own regulations for a determination of the testing results. The same for experimental procedure and the set-up. You are not able to compare the results! The Plate Bearing Tester AX 01 evaluates the results M x or E vx for Belgium, France and Germany and for further regulations! compactage Macben 28

29 Thank you für your attention Dynamic OR Static!? Dynamic AND Static!? Osnabrück, 14. März 2013 compactage Macben 29

30 Dynamisch oder Statisch? output directory contractual regulation Space on the site Naughty: faith and knowledge! E v2 /E v1 required? Type of soil / layer Dynamisch oder Statisch? However recommended is basically the implementation of comparative experiments for the determination of E vd and E v2 according to the following scheme: compactage Macben 30

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