Phonetic Search in Foreign Texts. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic
|
|
|
- Dwayne Mitchell Cox
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Iveta Mrázová, František Mráz, Martin Petříček, Zuzana Reitermanová Department of Computer Science Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic ANNIE 2008, St. Louis, USA November 11, 2008
2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Alternative means Automatic Speech-Recognition Systems International Phonetic Alphabet Phonetic algorithms 3 Our approach to phonetic search The main principle of CZFind Aho-Corasick Automaton Rewriting rules 4 Supporting experiments: German, Arabic 5 Conclusions
3 Introduction Introduction Motivation: A foreigner visiting the U.S.
4 Introduction Introduction Example (Czech Arabic) By Gordon Lubold, Staff writer of The Christian Science Monitor Washington The army may begin paying a retention bonus of as much as $150,000 to Arabic speaking soldiers in reflection of how critical it has become for the US military to retain native language and cultural know-how in its ranks.
5 Introduction A new problem in information retrieval Inputs: phonetic transcription of a word as heard by a foreigner large-scale collection of texts / index Problem: 1 Which words have the same or similar pronunciation? 2 Search the texts for all such words!
6 Alternative means Alternative means Non-native automatic speech recognition systems (ARS) + sophisticated recognition of phonemes lower performance than for native speech difficulty in hearing and pronouncing all phonemes International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) + standardized representation of spoken language complicated for standard users (tourists,...) Phonetic algorithms code words by their pronunciation assign the same code to all spelling variants of the same name (e.g. Smith, Smithe and Smyth)
7 Alternative means Phonetic algorithms Phonetic algorithms Soundex words coded by a letter and three digits, eg. R163 for Robert + simple algorithm with good results for English names many false-positives and false-negatives good performance only for names English Soundex table Code Letters 1 b, f, p, v 2 c, g, j, k, q, s, x, z 3 d, t 4 l 5 m, n 6 r
8 Alternative means Phonetic algorithms Phonetic algorithms Soundex variants - for English: Phonix, Metaphone, NYSSIS,... for German: D-M Soundex, Cologne phonetic, PHONEM,... for Arabic: Arabic Soundex, Arabic Phonix target English names in Arabic texts
9 Alternative means Phonetic algorithms Arabic Soundex (a) Arabic Soundex table to code the initial letter Arabic Latin A B T T J H K D Z R Z S S S D T Z A G F Q K L M N H W Y (b) Arabic Soundex table to code the rest of the word Code omit Letters,,,,, 1, 2,,,, 3,,,,,, 4 5, 6,,,,,
10 Our approach to phonetic search The main principle of CZFind Our approach to phonetic search - CZFind the main idea opposite to phonetic algorithms (Which words have the same or similar pronunciation?) language-dependent transcription rules and pre-processing heard words are searched with purpose-generated Aho-Corasick Automata improved speed and precision with dictionaries
11 Our approach to phonetic search Aho-Corasick Automaton Aho-Corasick Automaton A finite state machine, that searches for all occurrences of a finite set of strings. tree-like structure linear complexity
12 Our approach to phonetic search Rewriting rules Supporting experiments CZFind implemented for: 1 Czech German 2 Czech Arabic Data: German: 2300 articles from the German Wikipedia (23.4 MB), a German dictionary ( words), 124 randomly selected target words with a Czech-like pronunciation (Kühlschrank kýlšrank) Arabic: 950 articles from the Arabic Wikipedia (6.8 MB), an Arabic dictionary (30000 words, Sameer), 36 randomly selected target words with a Czech-like pronunciation
13 Our approach to phonetic search Rewriting rules Czech-German Pre-processing conversion of letters to lower case replace multiple letters by just one occurrence Czech-German rewriting rules Czech German a, á a ä, e, é ä b b c c, tz d, t d e, é e f f, pf, ph g, k g h h i, í, y, ý i, ü j j, i k c, k, ck, ch l l, el m m n n, ng, en o, ó o Czech German ö, é, e ö p p q, kv q r r, er s, z s t, th t, dt, th u, ú, ů u ü ü v, f v v, w w x, ks x i, í, y, ý, j y z, c z ß, s, ss ß, ss oj eu, äu ai, aj ei, ai, ay, ey Czech German š sch, ch šp sp št st č tsch, tzsch kv qu ich, ik ig ks chs a, á aa, ah é, e ee, eh, oe é, e äh, öh ä äh ö öh ü üh í, ý ie, üh o, ó oo, oh u, ú, ů uh, uu
14 Our approach to phonetic search Rewriting rules Czech-Arabic Pre-processing decomposition of ligatures conversion of letters to their general form removal of some characters (Shadda, Hamza) Examples of Czech-Arabic rewriting rules Czech Arabic á, a, i, áj aj, ajá, íjá, íja, íjá b, p t th j, g, ž, č, dž h, ch k, kh, x, ch Czech Arabic s š, sh s d t z r,ch gh, g, h, r, ch, chr f q, k Czech Arabic n, m h v, w, ů, ú, u y, i, j, í, ý, íj, á x a, e, i, o, u, y, ý, í (empty) č un a......
15 Supporting experiments: German, Arabic Comparison of CZFind and phonetic algorithms 1 How many codes cover all words accepted by the ACA? 2 How many words from the dictionary get the same code? Algorithm Number of Number of dictionary words distinct codes with the same code average min max average min max German Cologne Phonetic PHONEM Soundex Daitch Mokotoff Arabic Arabic Soundex Arabic Phonix
16 Supporting experiments: German, Arabic Precision of retrieval - German 1 How many words will be retrieved? 2 How many of the retrieved words will be correct? Algorithm CZFind PHONEM DM Soundex Soundex Cologne Average number of distinct words retrieved from the text (over 124 words) correct all correct ratio Average number of all words retrieved from the text (over 124 words) correct all correct ratio
17 Supporting experiments: German, Arabic Precision of retrieval - Arabic 1 How many words will be retrieved? 2 How many of the retrieved words will be correct? Algorithm CZFind Arabic Soundex Arabic Phonix Average number of distinct words retrieved from the text (over 36 words) correct all correct ratio Average number of all words retrieved from the text (over 36 searched words) correct all correct ratio
18 Supporting experiments: German, Arabic How fast are the algorithms? Initialization time Search time Average Min Max Average Min Max Cologne Phon. 0 s 0 s 0 s 0.36 s 0.33 s 0.42 s Regular expr s s 0.05 s 9.11 s 4.05 s s Aho-Corasick s s 1.37 s 2.19 s 1.83 s 2.60 s
19 Conclusions Conclusions CZFind a quick, precise and user-friendly approach to phonetic search A viable solution to a new problem in information retrieval Retrieval precision comparable with the best German algorithms and 4 better than Arabic algorithms Significantly faster than regular expressions for large text collections or indexes Adds semantics to retrieved documents Further research Automatic learning of rewriting rules
California Treasures Phonics Scope and Sequence K-6
California Treasures Phonics Scope and Sequence K-6 Phonics skills get progressively more complex throughout the grade and year to year (e.g., 1. short vowel CVC words; 2. final e CVCe words; 3. long vowel
A Comparison of Jolly Phonics and Jolly Grammar with the Six Phases of Letters and Sounds
A Comparison of Jolly Phonics and Jolly Grammar with the Six Phases of Letters and Sounds Same Letters and Sounds Jolly Phonics Direct, daily, systematic teaching Active multisensory lessons, including
Phonics. Phonics is recommended as the first strategy that children should be taught in helping them to read.
Phonics What is phonics? There has been a huge shift in the last few years in how we teach reading in UK schools. This is having a big impact and helping many children learn to read and spell. Phonics
Montessori Academy of Owasso
Montessori Academy of Owasso 5 & 6 Year-Old Curriculum Academic Area: Language Arts Category: Reading: Literature Subcategory: Key Ideas and Details Element 1:With prompting and support, ask and answer
Spot me if you can: Uncovering spoken phrases in encrypted VoIP conversations
Spot me if you can: Uncovering spoken phrases in encrypted VoIP conversations C. Wright, L. Ballard, S. Coull, F. Monrose, G. Masson Talk held by Goran Doychev Selected Topics in Information Security and
Progression in each phase for Letters & Sounds:
Burford School Marlow Bottom Marlow Buckinghamshire SL7 3PQ T: 01628 486655 F: 01628 898103 E: office@burfordschool.co.uk W: www.burfordschool.co.uk Headteacher: Karol Whittington M.A., B.Ed. Hons Progression
Correct English Pronunciation
Correct English Pronunciation This note addresses and solves some perplexing questions in English pronunciation. It is not about accents, national, regional, or class. They are all equally correct or incorrect,
Some Basic Concepts Marla Yoshida
Some Basic Concepts Marla Yoshida Why do we need to teach pronunciation? There are many things that English teachers need to fit into their limited class time grammar and vocabulary, speaking, listening,
Latin Alphabet special characters in Microsoft Word Article by: Stélios C. Alvarez 08
1 Latin Alphabet special characters in Microsoft Word Article by: Stélios C. Alvarez 08 For the purpose of this article, only accented letters and special characters from the Albanian, Basque, Bosnian,
Overview of Spellings on www.spellzoo.co.uk
Overview of Spellings on www.spellzoo.co.uk Year 1 Set 1: CVC words Set 2: CVC and CCVC words Set 3: CVC, CCVC and CCVCC words Set 4: Words containing 'ch', 'sh', 'th' and 'wh' Set 5: Words ending in 'll',
Phonics. Phase 1 6 Support for spelling Monitoring and assessing resources
Phonics Phase 1 6 Support for spelling Monitoring and assessing resources Phase 1 Letters and Sounds phase 1 - Seven aspects 1) Environmental sounds 2) Instrumental sounds 3) Body percussion 4) Rhythm
A Parents Guide to Understanding. Reading
A Parents Guide to Understanding Reading Dear Parents, After teaching first grade for many years, I was always faced with the same questions at the beginning of the year: What is Pathways to Reading? How
In English there are 26 letters which represent 44 phonemes. These phonemes are represented by approximately 140 different letter combinations.
PHONIC RULES/PATTERNS, WHICH MAY BE USEFUL AT EACH PHASE OF LETTERS AND SOUNDS NB: These rules are equally relevant to other synthetic phonics programmes In English there are 26 letters which represent
Intervention Strategies for Struggling Readers
PROGRAM OVERVIEW Intervention Appropriate K 6 Intervention Strategies for Struggling Readers M BA SE G IL LI NG M ORT N- HA O D PRO G RA What is Recipe for Reading? Recipe for Reading is a research-based,
Final GCE Timetable Summer 2015
Final GCE table Summer 2015 1 GCE A/AS Modern Languages Speaking Tests Tuesday 28 April - Friday 29 2015 2 GCE Religious Studies: where candidates are taking two assessment units which have been timetabled
SEPTEMBER Unit 1 Page Learning Goals 1 Short a 2 b 3-5 blends 6-7 c as in cat 8-11 t 12-13 p
The McRuffy Kindergarten Reading/Phonics year- long program is divided into 4 units and 180 pages of reading/phonics instruction. Pages and learning goals covered are noted below: SEPTEMBER Unit 1 1 Short
Wednesday 4 th November 2015. Y1/2 Parent Workshop Phonics & Reading
Wednesday 4 th November 2015 Y1/2 Parent Workshop Phonics & Reading This presentation was an aide memoire for staff during the recent Phonics and Reading Workshop (04.11.15). The aim of the presentation
Latin Pronunciation Demystified
Latin Pronunciation Demystified Michael A. Covington Program in Linguistics University of Georgia Last revised March, 00 Note: Although flattered by frequent requests, the author regrets that he cannot
Thai Pronunciation and Phonetic Symbols Prawet Jantharat Ed.D.
Thai Pronunciation and Phonetic Symbols Prawet Jantharat Ed.D. This guideline contains a number of things concerning the pronunciation of Thai. Thai writing system is a non-roman alphabet system. This
Future Trends in Airline Pricing, Yield. March 13, 2013
Future Trends in Airline Pricing, Yield Management, &AncillaryFees March 13, 2013 THE OPPORTUNITY IS NOW FOR CORPORATE TRAVEL MANAGEMENT BUT FIRST: YOU HAVE TO KNOCK DOWN BARRIERS! but it won t hurt much!
New Hash Function Construction for Textual and Geometric Data Retrieval
Latest Trends on Computers, Vol., pp.483-489, ISBN 978-96-474-3-4, ISSN 79-45, CSCC conference, Corfu, Greece, New Hash Function Construction for Textual and Geometric Data Retrieval Václav Skala, Jan
Master Specialization in Knowledge Engineering
Master Specialization in Knowledge Engineering Pavel Kordík, Ph.D. Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information Technology Czech Technical University in Prague Prague, Czech Republic http://www.fit.cvut.cz/en
Regular Languages and Finite State Machines
Regular Languages and Finite State Machines Plan for the Day: Mathematical preliminaries - some review One application formal definition of finite automata Examples 1 Sets A set is an unordered collection
Contributing Efforts of Various String Matching Methodologies in Real World Applications
International Journal of Computer Sciences and Engineering Open Access Review Paper Volume-4, Issue-I E-ISSN: 2347-2693 Contributing Efforts of Various String Matching Methodologies in Real World Applications
How To Write A Phonetic Spelling Checker For Brazilian Pruirosa Pessoa
Towards a Phonetic Brazilian Portuguese Spell Checker Lucas Vinicius Avanço Magali Sanches Duran Maria das Graças Volpe Nunes avanco89@gmail.com, magali.duran@uol.com.br, gracan@icmc.usp.br, Interinstitutional
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES ARE FOR FISCAL YEAR 08-09
THE FOLLOWING CHANGES ARE FOR FISCAL YEAR 08-09 Fiscal Year 1991-92 July 1, 1991 Course, State Subject Area Requirements Definition/Domain A code indicating the subject in which credit toward high school
Simple Solutions Phonics. Phonics. Level C. Help Pages
Phonics 219 Vowel Sounds Short Vowel Sound Example Long Vowel Sound Example a ă apple a ā cake e ĕ egg e ē feet i ĭ big i ī bike o ŏ lock o ō coat u ŭ bus u ū mule Blends In a blend, you hear both consonants.
Points of Interference in Learning English as a Second Language
Points of Interference in Learning English as a Second Language Tone Spanish: In both English and Spanish there are four tone levels, but Spanish speaker use only the three lower pitch tones, except when
Phonetic Models for Generating Spelling Variants
Phonetic Models for Generating Spelling Variants Rahul Bhagat and Eduard Hovy Information Sciences Institute University Of Southern California 4676 Admiralty Way, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292-6695 {rahul,
Latin Text to Speech
Latin Text to Speech Jan-Willem van Leussen Maarten Tromp July 26, 2007 1 Introduction In this paper we will describe our work on the creation of a Text-To-Speech (TTS) system for classical Latin. This
1 Solving LPs: The Simplex Algorithm of George Dantzig
Solving LPs: The Simplex Algorithm of George Dantzig. Simplex Pivoting: Dictionary Format We illustrate a general solution procedure, called the simplex algorithm, by implementing it on a very simple example.
Articulatory Phonetics. and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Readings and Other Materials. Review. IPA: The Vowels. Practice
Supplementary Readings Supplementary Readings Handouts Online Tutorials The following readings have been posted to the Moodle course site: Contemporary Linguistics: Chapter 2 (pp. 34-40) Handouts for This
Improved Single and Multiple Approximate String Matching
Improved Single and Multiple Approximate String Matching Kimmo Fredriksson Department of Computer Science, University of Joensuu, Finland Gonzalo Navarro Department of Computer Science, University of Chile
Further information is available at: www.standards.dfes.gov.uk/phonics. Introduction
Phonics and early reading: an overview for headteachers, literacy leaders and teachers in schools, and managers and practitioners in Early Years settings Please note: This document makes reference to the
SPELLING DOES MATTER
Focus and content of the Session 1 Introduction Introduction to NSW syllabus objectives: A. Communicate through speaking, listening, reading, writing, viewing and representing B. Use language to shape
Grade Boundaries. Edexcel GCE AS/A level and Applied GCE
Grade Boundaries Edexcel GCE AS/A level and Applied GCE June 2014 Understanding our Edexcel GCE AS level, A level, and Applied GCE grade boundaries This document shows the grade boundaries for our modular
Speech Analytics. Whitepaper
Speech Analytics Whitepaper This document is property of ASC telecom AG. All rights reserved. Distribution or copying of this document is forbidden without permission of ASC. 1 Introduction Hearing the
The English Alphabetic Code. graphemes in key words graphemes, or spelling alternatives which are code for the sounds with key pictures /s/ s.
units of sound phoneme/s simple code The English Alphabetic Code complex code graphemes in key words graphemes, or spelling alternatives which are code for the sounds with key pictures /s/ s -ss -ce -se
Right into Reading. Program Overview Intervention Appropriate K 3+ A Phonics-Based Reading and Comprehension Program
Right into Reading Program Overview Intervention Appropriate K 3+ A Phonics-Based Reading and Comprehension Program What is Right into Reading? Right into Reading is a phonics-based reading and comprehension
Automata Theory. Şubat 2006 Tuğrul Yılmaz Ankara Üniversitesi
Automata Theory Automata theory is the study of abstract computing devices. A. M. Turing studied an abstract machine that had all the capabilities of today s computers. Turing s goal was to describe the
Fast Track to Reading Arabic Notes
Fast Track to eading Arabic Notes Unit 1 1 2 3 4 1 0 A T I N The vowel sounds / / and /I/ are available in Arabic, so should produce few pronunciation problems. However, short vowel sounds are not usually
Phonological Awareness Skills Assessment
Page 1 Kindergarten Phonological Awareness Skill Assessments Revised 4/4/10 Phonological Awareness Skills Assessment 1. Word Awareness Phonological Awareness Level 1 Tell the student you are going to play
PHONETIC TOOL FOR THE TUNISIAN ARABIC
PHONETIC TOOL FOR THE TUNISIAN ARABIC Abir Masmoudi 1,2, Yannick Estève 1, Mariem Ellouze Khmekhem 2, Fethi Bougares 1, Lamia Hadrich Belguith 2 (1) LIUM, University of Maine, France (2) ANLP Research
Welcome to the exciting world of Jolly Phonics!
Welcome to the exciting world of Jolly Phonics! You can check out http://www.jollylearning.co.uk/ if you want to see more about the company itself. Here s some information listed on the site: Jolly Phonics
HIGH SPEED DATA RETRIEVAL FROM NATIONAL DATA CENTER (NDC) REDUCING TIME AND IGNORING SPELLING ERROR IN SEARCH KEY BASED ON DOUBLE METAPHONE ALGORITHM
HIGH SPEED DATA RETRIEVAL FROM NATIONAL DATA CENTER (NDC) REDUCING TIME AND IGNORING SPELLING ERROR IN SEARCH KEY BASED ON DOUBLE METAPHONE ALGORITHM Md. Palash Uddin 1, Ashfaque Ahmed 2, Md. Delowar Hossain
Topic 5 Locations of Spanish towns
Topic 5 Locations of Spanish towns The purpose of this topic is for children to describe the geographical location of towns. Section 6 Towns and countries Topic 5 Learning objective Children learn: to
ENGLISH LANGUAGE - SCHEMES OF WORK. For Children Aged 8 to 12
1 ENGLISH LANGUAGE - SCHEMES OF WORK For Children Aged 8 to 12 English Language Lessons Structure Time Approx. 90 minutes 1. Remind class of last topic area explored and relate to current topic. 2. Discuss
Applying writing scales of the Common European Framework in Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK)?
Applying writing scales of the Common European Framework in Chinese Proficiency Test (HSK)? Realities, problems and suggestions for Chinese language teachers and learners Ya Ping Hsiao (www.chinees-leren.nl)
1. segment spoken words into sounds/syllables. M R R R 2. count sounds in spoken words. M R R R 3. blend spoken sounds into words.
Spelling Grade-Level Objectives Phonemic Awareness The student will K 1 2 3 1. segment spoken words into sounds/syllables. M R R R 2. count sounds in spoken words. M R R R 3. blend spoken sounds into words.
ű Ű ű ű ű űű ű ő ő ű ű ő ő ő Ű ű ő ő Ű ő ű ű ő ű ű Ű ű Ő ű ű Ő Ű ű ű Ű Ű ő ű Ű ű ű ű Ű Ű Ű ő ő ű ő ű Ű Ő ő ő Ő ő ű ő ő Ő ű Ű ű ő Ű Ő ű ő ő ű Ő Ű ű ő ő ő Ő Ű Ő ű ő ű ű Ű Ű ű Ű ű Ű ű Ű Ű ű ű ű Ő ŰŐ ő Ű ő
Phonics Scope and Sequence Struggling or At Risk Readers. Phonological Awareness and Letter Naming : Early Literacy Kindergarten or first grade 1
Phonics Scope and Sequence Struggling or At Risk Readers Phonological Awareness and Letter Naming : Early Literacy Kindergarten or first grade 1 Phonological Awareness 1. Hearing Rhymes 2. Producing rhymes
Put the human back in Human Resources.
Put the human back in Human Resources A Co m p l et e Hu m a n Ca p i t a l Ma n a g em en t So l u t i o n t h a t em p o w er s HR p r o f essi o n a l s t o m eet t h ei r co r p o r a t e o b j ect
Improving Data Driven Part-of-Speech Tagging by Morphologic Knowledge Induction
Improving Data Driven Part-of-Speech Tagging by Morphologic Knowledge Induction Uwe D. Reichel Department of Phonetics and Speech Communication University of Munich reichelu@phonetik.uni-muenchen.de Abstract
Articulatory Phonetics. and the International Phonetic Alphabet. Readings and Other Materials. Introduction. The Articulatory System
Supplementary Readings Supplementary Readings Handouts Online Tutorials The following readings have been posted to the Moodle course site: Contemporary Linguistics: Chapter 2 (pp. 15-33) Handouts for This
An Arabic Text-To-Speech System Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Journal of Computer Science 5 (3): 207-213, 2009 ISSN 1549-3636 2009 Science Publications An Arabic Text-To-Speech System Based on Artificial Neural Networks Ghadeer Al-Said and Moussa Abdallah Department
Summer Reading Program Implementation Guide
Summer Reading Program Implementation Guide Summer Reading Program Implementation Guide Contents Overview... 3 Direct Instruction - Adapting for Summer... 4 Direct Instruction - Timeline for Grades 1-3...
Arithmetic Coding: Introduction
Data Compression Arithmetic coding Arithmetic Coding: Introduction Allows using fractional parts of bits!! Used in PPM, JPEG/MPEG (as option), Bzip More time costly than Huffman, but integer implementation
Alburnett Community Schools. Theme 1 Finding My Place/ Six Weeks. Phonics: Apply knowledge of letter/sound correspondence.
3 rd Grade Reading District Curriculum Map Theme 1 Finding My Place/ Six Weeks Apply knowledge of letter/sound correspondence. Learnings or Understandings (ICC) Use a variety of strategies to develop and
Visualizing Phoneme Segmentation: Final Clarifying consonant Sounds. Clarifying. Summarizing
First Grade Imagine It! Unit 1 - Back to School Unit 1 Week 1/ Lessons 1-5 Read Aloud First Day Jitters (realistic fiction) Big Book Back to School (photo essay), And the Answer Is? (poem) Phonics Phonemic
Using Lexical Similarity in Handwritten Word Recognition
Using Lexical Similarity in Handwritten Word Recognition Jaehwa Park and Venu Govindaraju Center of Excellence for Document Analysis and Recognition (CEDAR) Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Implementing evolution: Database migration
2IS55 Software Evolution Sources Implementing evolution: Database migration Alexander Serebrenik / SET / W&I 7-6-2010 PAGE 1 Last week Recapitulation Assignment 8 How is it going? Questions to Marcel:
/s/ sc -st- ps. snake glass palace 1 2 5. house cents city bicycle 6. scissors castle pseudonym 7 8 12
/s/ s -ss -ce snake glass palace 1 2 5 -se house cents city bicycle 6 ce scissors castle pseudonym 7 8 12 ci sc -st- ps cy Many words which start with letter a are pronounced with a sound which is closer
A Natural Language Query Processor for Database Interface
A Natural Language Query Processor for Database Interface Mrs.Vidya Dhamdhere Lecturer department of Computer Engineering Department G.H.Raisoni college of Engg.(Pune University) vidya.dhamdhere@gmail.com
Phonetics and Phonology
Phonetics and Phonology Humans have a complex system of using sounds to produce language. The study of linguistic sounds is called Phonetics. Phonology is the study of systems of sounds, often the sound
Reading Foundational Skills
Reading Foundational Skills The following supplements the Reading Standards: Foundational Skills (K 5) in the main document (pp. 14 16). See page 40 in the bibliography of this appendix for sources used
CSC4510 AUTOMATA 2.1 Finite Automata: Examples and D efinitions Definitions
CSC45 AUTOMATA 2. Finite Automata: Examples and Definitions Finite Automata: Examples and Definitions A finite automaton is a simple type of computer. Itsoutputislimitedto yes to or no. It has very primitive
Search Query and Matching Approach of Information Retrieval in Cloud Computing
International Journal of Advances in Electrical and Electronics Engineering 99 Available online at www.ijaeee.com & www.sestindia.org ISSN: 2319-1112 Search Query and Matching Approach of Information Retrieval
Deterministic Finite Automata
1 Deterministic Finite Automata Definition: A deterministic finite automaton (DFA) consists of 1. a finite set of states (often denoted Q) 2. a finite set Σ of symbols (alphabet) 3. a transition function
Formal Languages and Automata Theory - Regular Expressions and Finite Automata -
Formal Languages and Automata Theory - Regular Expressions and Finite Automata - Samarjit Chakraborty Computer Engineering and Networks Laboratory Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zürich March
Lecture 12: An Overview of Speech Recognition
Lecture : An Overview of peech Recognition. Introduction We can classify speech recognition tasks and systems along a set of dimensions that produce various tradeoffs in applicability and robustness. Isolated
Reading 13 : Finite State Automata and Regular Expressions
CS/Math 24: Introduction to Discrete Mathematics Fall 25 Reading 3 : Finite State Automata and Regular Expressions Instructors: Beck Hasti, Gautam Prakriya In this reading we study a mathematical model
SPELLING WORD #1: SENTENCE:
ACTIVITY 1: SENTENCES: Use each spelling word in a third grade sentence. (Underline the spelling word.) Ex. I know how to spell each word because I did my homework. SPELLING WORD #1: ACTIVITY 2: SYLLABLES:
ps psychic sc scent science scythe
Debbie Hepplewhite s simple and complex alphabetic codes overview Slash marks /ai/ mainly denote single sound units (phonemes). Letters and letter combinations (graphemes) appear in single apostrophes
bow bandage candle buildings bulb coins barn cap corn
b c bow bandage candle buildings bulb coins barn cap corn Copyright (C) 1999 Senari Programs Page 1 SoundBox Montessori d f darts dice door dove forest farm film foot fish Copyright (C) 1999 Senari Programs
m Future of learning Zehn J a hr e N et A c a d ei n E r f o l g s p r o g r a m Cisco E x p o 2 0 0 7 2 6. J u n i 2 0 0 7, M e sse W ie n C. D or n in g e r, b m u k k 1/ 12 P r e n t t z d e r p u t
Scope and Sequence Skills Strand Grade 1
The Skills strand of the Core Knowledge Language Arts program teaches students the decoding skills needed for (future) independent reading. Each Skills lesson begins with a warm-up, reviewing previously
Informatique Fondamentale IMA S8
Informatique Fondamentale IMA S8 Cours 1 - Intro + schedule + finite state machines Laure Gonnord http://laure.gonnord.org/pro/teaching/ Laure.Gonnord@polytech-lille.fr Université Lille 1 - Polytech Lille
Enterprise Voice Technology Solutions: A Primer
Cognizant 20-20 Insights Enterprise Voice Technology Solutions: A Primer A successful enterprise voice journey starts with clearly understanding the range of technology components and options, and often
Speech and Data Analytics for Trading Floors: Technologies, Reliability, Accuracy and Readiness
Speech and Data Analytics for Trading Floors: Technologies, Reliability, Accuracy and Readiness Worse than not knowing is having information that you didn t know you had. Let the data tell me my inherent
Introduction to Finite Automata
Introduction to Finite Automata Our First Machine Model Captain Pedro Ortiz Department of Computer Science United States Naval Academy SI-340 Theory of Computing Fall 2012 Captain Pedro Ortiz (US Naval
LZ77. Example 2.10: Let T = badadadabaab and assume d max and l max are large. phrase b a d adadab aa b
LZ77 The original LZ77 algorithm works as follows: A phrase T j starting at a position i is encoded as a triple of the form distance, length, symbol. A triple d, l, s means that: T j = T [i...i + l] =
Semantics, Syntax, and Phonology. By Rachel Lapo
Facilitation of Positive Transfer from Spanish to English: Analysis of Similarities and Differences in Regards to Semantics, Syntax, and Phonology By Rachel Lapo In consideration of the vast variance in
Automatic Alignment and Analysis of Linguistic Change - Transcription Guidelines
Automatic Alignment and Analysis of Linguistic Change - Transcription Guidelines February 2011 Contents 1 Orthography and spelling 3 1.1 Capitalization............................. 3 1.2 Spelling................................
Concept and Applications of Data Mining. Week 1
Concept and Applications of Data Mining Week 1 Topics Introduction Syllabus Data Mining Concepts Team Organization Introduction Session Your name and major The dfiiti definition of dt data mining i Your
ASCII control characters (character code 0-31)
ASCII control characters (character code 0-31) DEC HEX 0 00 NUL Null char 1 01 SOH Start of Heading 2 02 STX Start of Text 3 03 ETX End of Text 4 04 EOT End of Transmission
-stcastle. sc scent scissors scythe. ps pseudonym
The English Alphabetic Code Slash marks /ai/ mainly denote single sound units (phonemes). Letters and letter combinations (graphemes) appear in single apostrophes ay. References to short vowel sounds relate
Turkish Radiology Dictation System
Turkish Radiology Dictation System Ebru Arısoy, Levent M. Arslan Boaziçi University, Electrical and Electronic Engineering Department, 34342, Bebek, stanbul, Turkey arisoyeb@boun.edu.tr, arslanle@boun.edu.tr
Computer Science Theory. From the course description:
Computer Science Theory Goals of Course From the course description: Introduction to the theory of computation covering regular, context-free and computable (recursive) languages with finite state machines,
Linguistics & Cognitive Science
Linguistics & Cognitive Science 07.201* History of Cognitive Science Fall term 2000 formal account of pivotal role of linguistics in the development of cognitive science relation to psychology, AI, & philosophy
IMPROVING TTS BY HIGHER AGREEMENT BETWEEN PREDICTED VERSUS OBSERVED PRONUNCIATIONS
IMPROVING TTS BY HIGHER AGREEMENT BETWEEN PREDICTED VERSUS OBSERVED PRONUNCIATIONS Yeon-Jun Kim, Ann Syrdal AT&T Labs-Research, 180 Park Ave. Florham Park, NJ 07932 Matthias Jilka Institut für Linguistik,
Practice Writing the Letter A
Aa Practice Writing the Letter A A a A a Write a in the blank to finish each word. c t re h d Write A in the blank to finish each word. nn US ndy Bb Practice Writing the Letter B B b B l P b Write b in
A COMBINED FINE-GRAINED AND ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL MECHANISM HONGI CHANDRA TJAN. Bachelor of Science. Oklahoma State University
A COMBINED FINE-GRAINED AND ROLE-BASED ACCESS CONTROL MECHANISM By HONGI CHANDRA TJAN Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 200 Submitted to the faculty of the Graduate College
W Cisco Kompetanse eek end 2 0 0 8 SMB = Store Mu ll ii gg hh eter! Nina Gullerud ng ulleru@ c is c o. c o m 1 Vår E n t e r p r i s e e r f a r i n g... 2 S m å o g M e llo m s t o r e B e d r i f t e
New approach to interval linear regression
New approach to interval linear regression Milan Hladík 1 Michal Černý 2 1 Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 2 Faculty of Computer Science and Statistics,
BBC Learning English - Talk about English July 18, 2005
BBC Learning English - July 18, 2005 About this script Please note that this is not a word for word transcript of the programme as broadcast. In the recording and editing process changes may have been
Masters Mens Physique 45+
C G x By, F, hysq, Bk Chpshps Ap, Cv Cy, Cf Mss Ms hysq + Fs Ls Css Ov Css s G MC Chpk M+ W M+/MC y Bs 9 8 9 9 8 B O'H 8 9 8 S Rs 8 8 9 h K 9 D Szwsk 8 9 8 9 9 G M+ h D Ly Iz M+ 8 M R : : C G x By, F,
Local periods and binary partial words: An algorithm
Local periods and binary partial words: An algorithm F. Blanchet-Sadri and Ajay Chriscoe Department of Mathematical Sciences University of North Carolina P.O. Box 26170 Greensboro, NC 27402 6170, USA E-mail:
Der Bologna- P roz es s u nd d i e S t aat s ex am Stefan Bienefeld i na Service-St el l e B o l o g n a d er H R K Sem in a r D er B o l o g n a P ro z es s U m s et z u n g u n d M it g es t a l t u
This booklet is intended for use by recruits prior to them beginning their Phase 1 Initial Training with the British Army.
This booklet is intended for use by recruits prior to them beginning their Phase 1 Initial Training with the British Army. Crown Copyright 2011 The 24 Hour Clock Introduction 1. To avoid the possibility
Tips for Teaching. Word Recognition
Word Recognition Background Before children can begin to read they need to understand the relationships between a symbol or a combination of symbols and the sound, or sounds, they represent. The ability