Alwin Kloekhorst ACCENT IN HITTITE

Transcription

1 Alwin Kloekhorst ACCENT IN HITTITE Kloekhorst StBT.indd Abs :14:37

2 Studien zu den Boğazköy-Texten Herausgegeben von der Kommission für den Alten Orient der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, Mainz Band 56 Alwin Kloekhorst Accent in Hittite A Study in Plene Spelling, Consonant Gradation, Clitics, and Metrics 2014 Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden Kloekhorst StBT.indd Abs :14:59

3 Bibliografi sche Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografi sche Daten sind im Internet über abrufbar. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at For further information about our publishing program consult our website Otto Harrassowitz GmbH & Co. KG, Wiesbaden 2014 This work, including all of its parts, is protected by copyright. Any use beyond the limits of copyright law without the permission of the publisher is forbidden and subject to penalty. This applies particularly to reproductions, translations, microfilms and storage and processing in electronic systems. Printed on permanent/durable paper. Printing and binding: B Hubert & Co., Göttingen Printed in Germany ISSN ISBN Kloekhorst StBT.indd Abs :14:59

4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface... xi Abbreviations and Symbols... xiii Bibliography... xv 0 Introduction on The accent systems of cognate languages Word accent vs. sentence accent The dating of Hittite texts Text sources... 9 PART I ACCENT AND VOWELS: PLENE VS. NON-PLENE SPELLING 1 Preliminaries Previous scholarship Definition of plene spelling Hyperplene spelling Non-plene, plene and hyperplene spelling: an overview Open vs. closed syllables The vowel e The vowel e in closed syllables The postconsonantal position Phonological interpretation Words containing (-)Ce-e-eC(-) Monosyllables Polysyllables Words containing (-)Ce-eC(-) Monosyllables Polysyllables Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-initial position The vowel e in closed syllables: conclusions

5 vi Table of Contents 2.2 The vowel e in open syllables The postconsonantal position The OH situation Group Group Group Phonological interpretation The MH situation Group Group Group The NH situation Group Group Group /é/ in non-initial syllables Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-intial position The vowel e in open syllables: conclusions The vowel e in diphthongs The post-consonantal position: e + i The post-consonantal position: e + a The post-consonantal position: e + u Results Exceptions Loss of accent in adverbs Secondary accent shifts in verbal paradigms Lengthening of *e before PIE mediae The vowel a The vowel a in closed syllables The postconsonantal position Phonological interpretation (-)Ca-a-aC(-) representing unaccented /ā/ (-)Ca-aC(-) reflecting PIE *ó (-)Ca-aC(-) representing /ƽ/ Words containing the sequence (-)Ca-a-aC(-)

6 Table of Contents vii Monosyllables Polysyllables: (-)Ca-a-aC-CV(-) Polysyllables:...-Ca-a-aC Words containing (-)CaC(-) / (-)Ca-aC(-) Monosyllables Polysyllables Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-initial position Words containing a-ac(-) Words containing a-a-ac(-) Words containing ac(-) The vowel a in closed syllables: conclusions The vowel a in open syllables The postconsonantal position The OH period Group Group Group Phonological interpretation The MH situation Group Group Group The NH situation Group Group Group Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-initial position Words containing a-a-cv(-) Words containing a-cv(-) The vowel a in open syllables: conclusions The vowel a in diphthongs The postconsonantal position: a + e The postconsonantal position: a + i The postconsonantal position: a + u The word-initial position: a + i

7 viii Table of Contents 3.4 Results Exceptions Loss of accent in adverbs Aberrant behaviour of /ā/ before PIE mediae The vowel i The vowel i in closed syllables The postconsonantal position Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-initial position The vowel i in closed syllables: conclusions The vowel i in open syllables The postconsonantal position Schematic overview The postvocalic position The word-initial position The vowel i in open syllables: conclusions The vowel i in diphthongs The postconsonantal position: i + a The postconsonantal position: i + e The postconsonantal position: i + u Results The vowel u The sign Ú in closed syllables The postconsonantal position Monosyllables Polysyllables The postvocalic position The word-initial position The sign Ú in closed syllables: conclusions The sign Ú in open syllables The postconsonantal position The postvocalic position The word-initial position The sign Ú in open syllables: conclusions

8 Table of Contents ix 5.3 The sign U: a disambiguating function? The sign U in closed syllables The postconsonantal position The postvocalic position The word-initial position The sign U in closed syllables: conclusions The sign U in open syllables The postconsonantal position The postvocalic position The word-initial position The sign U in open syllables: conclusions The vowel u in diphthongs PART II ACCENT AND CONSONANTS: LENITION AND FORTITION 6 Consonant gradation Sturtevant s Law The phonetic nature of the consonants Lenition Lenition after * h₂ Lenition in ḫi-verbs of the type āki/akkanzi Lenition after PIE *ó Lenition between two unaccented vowels Irregular forms in Hittite Lenition: conclusions Fortition Limited Čop s Law in Hittite Čop s Law in Luwian: the change of *e to a Čop s Law: fortition or gemination? Čop s Law and unaspirated voiced stops Čop s Law and the lengthening of *e before mediae Čop s Law and *ó Consonant gradation in Luwic Consonant gradation in Hittite

9 x Table of Contents 6.7 Consonant gradation in Anatolian Consonant gradation in pretonic position The Hittite clause-initial particles The Luwian clause-initial particles The Lycian clause-initial particles Pretonic fortition Conclusions PART III ACCENT AND CLAUSES: CLITICS AND METRICS 7 The syntactic behaviour of clitics Clitics Clause-initial particles The conjunctions =(m)a and =( )a =(m)a attached to the second word in a clause Conclusions Poetic Meter Metrical texts: the corpus Stressed and unstressed words Words that always count as unstressed in the meter Words that count as stressed and as unstressed in the meter Words that always count as stressed in the meter Conclusions PART IV CONCLUSIONS AND RESULTS 9 Accentuated word list of Hittite Indices