Supplementary Topic: Specific Heat
|
|
- Erica Booth
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC: SPECIFIC HEAT 1 Supplementary Topic: Specific Heat Why is the climate in a coastal city often more moderate than that of a city located 100 miles inland? To answer a question of this sort, we must understand the concept of specific heat, a physi property that relates energy, mass, and temperature change. The specific heat is a measure of how much heat a substance must absorb to increase its temperature a given amount. The specific heat is the amount of heat energy (in ories or joules) needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 C. specific heat heat mass ΔT (OR J) 1 g 1 C The specific heat of water is 1.00 /(g C), meaning that 1.00 of heat must be added to increase the temperature of 1.00 g of water by 1.00 C. The amount of heat that must be added for a particular temperature increase depends on the amount of sample present. To increase the temperature of 2.00 g of water by 1 C requires 2.00 of heat. Table 1 lists the specific heat values for a variety of substances. The larger the specific heat of a substance, the less its temperature will change when it absorbs a particular amount of heat energy. The specific heat of graphite is about twice that of copper. Adding 1.00 of heat will raise the temperature of 1.00 g of graphite by 5.9 C, but raise the temperature of 1.00 g of copper by 11.1 C. Because metals like copper have low specific heats, they absorb and transfer heat readily. We use copper, iron, or aluminum cookware because the metals readily transfer heat from the stove to the food in the pan. The specific heat of water is very high compared to other liquids. As a result, water absorbs a large amount of heat with only a small change in temperature. Moreover, since the amount of heat absorbed for a given temperature increase equals the amount of heat released upon cooling, water releases a great deal of energy when its temperature drops even a few degrees. A large body of water thus acts as a reservoir to absorb or release heat as temperature increases or decreases, and in this way, it moderates the climate of the land nearby. Table 1 Specific Heats of Some Substances Substance /(g C) J/(g C) Substance /(g C) J/(g C) Aluminum Propanol Carbon (graphite) Rock Copper Sand Ethanol Silver Gold Water(l) Iron Water(g) Mercury Water(s)
2 2 SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC: SPECIFIC HEAT SAMPLE PROBLEM 1 Consider the elements aluminum, copper, gold, and iron in Table 1. (a) If 10 k of heat is added to 10 g of each element, which element will have the highest temperature? (b) Which element would require the largest amount of heat to raise the temperature of a 5-g sample by 5 C? The larger the specific heat, the less the temperature of a substance will change when it absorbs heat energy. The larger the specific heat, the more heat that must be added to increase the temperature of a substance a given number of degrees. The specific heats of the metals in Table 1 increase in the following order: gold < copper < iron < aluminum. In part (a), gold has the lowest specific heat, so its temperature will be the highest if the same amount of heat is added to the same mass of all four elements. In part (b), aluminum has the largest specific heat, so it will require the largest amount of heat to raise its temperature the same number of degrees as the same mass of the other elements. PROBLEM 1 A student has two containers one with 10 g of sand and one with 10 g of ethanol. (a) Which substance has the higher temperature after 10.0 of heat is added to each container? (b) Which substance requires the larger amount of heat to raise its temperature by 10 C? PROBLEM 2 The human body is composed of about 70% water. How does this help the body to maintain a steady internal temperature? We can use the specific heat as a conversion factor to culate how much heat is absorbed or lost from a substance as long as its mass and change in temperature are known, using the equation: heat absorbed or released heat mass temperature change specific heat ΔT g C g 1 C Sample Problem 2 shows how to use specific heat to culate the amount of heat absorbed by a substance when the mass and temperature change are known. SAMPLE PROBLEM 2 How many ories are needed to heat a pot of 1,600 g of water from 25 C to 100. C? Use specific heat as a conversion factor to culate the amount of heat absorbed using the known mass and temperature change. [1] Identify the known quantities and the desired quantity. mass 1,600 g T 1 25 C T C known quantities? ories desired quantity Subtract the initial temperature (T 1 ) from the final temperature (T 2 ) to determine the temperature change: T 2 T 1 T C. The specific heat of water is 1.00 /(g C).
3 SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC: SPECIFIC HEAT 3 [2] Write the equation. The specific heat is a conversion factor that relates the heat absorbed to the temperature change ( T) and mass. heat mass T specific heat g C g C [3] Solve the equation. Substitute the known quantities into the equation and solve for heat in ories g 75 C g 1 C Answer PROBLEM 3 How much energy is required to heat 28.0 g of iron from 19 C to 150 C? Report your answer in ories and joules. PROBLEM 4 How much energy is released when 200. g of water is cooled from 55 C to 12 C? Report your answer in ories and kiloories. Building on what you have learned in Sample Problem 2, Sample Problem 3 shows how to determine the temperature change of a given mass of a substance when the amount of heat absorbed is known. SAMPLE PROBLEM 3 If 400. of heat is added to 25.0 g of 2-propanol at 21 C, what is the final temperature? 2-Propanol is the major component of rubbing alcohol, which is used to clean skin before suturing. Use specific heat as a conversion factor to determine the temperature change ( T) given the known mass of the substance and the amount of heat absorbed. Add the temperature change to the initial temperature (T 1 ) to obtain the final temperature (T 2 ). [1] Identify the known quantities and the desired quantity. mass 25.0 g heat added 400. T 1 21 C T 2? known quantities desired quantity According to Table 1, the specific heat of 2-propanol is /(g C). [2] Write the equation and rearrange it to isolate T on one side. Divide both sides of the equation by mass (in g) and specific heat [in /(g C)] to place T (in C) on one side. heat mass T specific heat heat mass specific heat g /(g C) T T
4 4 SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC: SPECIFIC HEAT [3] Solve the equation to determine the change in temperature. T g /(g C) g /(g C) 26.1 C temperature change [4] Add the change in temperature ( T) to T 1 obtain the final temperature T 2. PROBLEM C T 2 final temperature If 20. of heat is added to 10.0 g each of copper and mercury at 15 C, what is the final temperature of each element? PROBLEM 6 If the initial temperature of 120. g of ethanol is 20. C, what will be the final temperature after 950. of heat is added? Additional Problems PROBLEM 7 The same amount of heat is added to the same mass of two compounds X and Y at the same initial temperature. If the final temperature of X is higher than the final temperature of Y, how do the specific heats of X and Y compare? PROBLEM 8 If it takes 37.0 of heat to raise the temperature of 12.0 g of a substance by 8.5 C, what is its specific heat? PROBLEM 9 How much energy is absorbed or lost in each of the following? Calculate your answer in both ories and joules. a. the energy needed to heat 50. g of water from 15 C to 50. C b. the energy lost when 250 g of aluminum is cooled from 125 C to 50. C PROBLEM 10 How many ories of heat are needed to increase the temperature of 55 g of ethanol from 18 C to 48 C? PROBLEM 11 Which of the following samples has the higher temperature? a g of liquid water at 16.0 C that absorbs 200. of heat b g of liquid water at 16.0 C that absorbs 350. J of heat PROBLEM 12 Which has the higher final temperature, 10.0 g of aluminum at 18 C that absorbs 25.0 of heat or 12.0 g of iron at 22 C that absorbs 65.0 J of heat? PROBLEM 13 Why does it take weeks for a lake to freeze in the winter even if the outdoor temperature is consistently below 0 C?
5 SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC: SPECIFIC HEAT 5 PROBLEM 14 Consider the following three containers (A C) drawn below. (a) If the same amount of heat was added to all three samples, which sample has the highest temperature? (b) Which sample has the lowest temperature? ethanol ethanol 2-propanol A B C Challenge Problem PROBLEM 15 How much heat (in k) must be added to raise the temperature of the water in a 400.-gal hot tub from 60. F to 110. F? (Rel that the density of water is 1.00 g/ml.)
Name: Class: Date: 10. Some substances, when exposed to visible light, absorb more energy as heat than other substances absorb.
Name: Class: Date: ID: A PS Chapter 13 Review Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true. 1. In all cooling
More informationEnergy and Matter CHAPTER OUTLINE CHAPTER GOALS
4 When sweat evaporates, it cools the skin by absorbing heat from the body. Energy and Matter CAPTER OUTLINE 4.1 Energy 4.2 The Three States of Matter 4.3 Intermolecular Forces 4.4 Boiling Point and Melting
More informationUNIT (1) MEASUREMENTS IN CHEMISTRY
UNIT (1) MEASUREMENTS IN CHEMISTRY Measurements are part of our daily lives. We measure our weights, driving distances, and gallons of gasoline. As a health professional you might measure blood pressure,
More information2. Room temperature: C. Kelvin. 2. Room temperature:
Temperature I. Temperature is the quantity that tells how hot or cold something is compared with a standard A. Temperature is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular translational
More informationWorksheet #17. 2. How much heat is released when 143 g of ice is cooled from 14 C to 75 C, if the specific heat capacity of ice is 2.087 J/(g C).
Worksheet #17 Calculating Heat 1. How much heat is needed to bring 12.0 g of water from 28.3 C to 43.87 C, if the specific heat capacity of water is 4.184 /(g? 2. How much heat is released when 143 g of
More information5. Which temperature is equal to +20 K? 1) 253ºC 2) 293ºC 3) 253 C 4) 293 C
1. The average kinetic energy of water molecules increases when 1) H 2 O(s) changes to H 2 O( ) at 0ºC 3) H 2 O( ) at 10ºC changes to H 2 O( ) at 20ºC 2) H 2 O( ) changes to H 2 O(s) at 0ºC 4) H 2 O( )
More informationChapter 2 Measurements in Chemistry. Standard measuring device. Standard scale gram (g)
1 Chapter 2 Measurements in Chemistry Standard measuring device Standard scale gram (g) 2 Reliability of Measurements Accuracy closeness to true value Precision reproducibility Example: 98.6 o F 98.5 o
More informationChapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics. Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57
Chapter 18 Temperature, Heat, and the First Law of Thermodynamics Problems: 8, 11, 13, 17, 21, 27, 29, 37, 39, 41, 47, 51, 57 Thermodynamics study and application of thermal energy temperature quantity
More informationExperiment 1: Colligative Properties
Experiment 1: Colligative Properties Determination of the Molar Mass of a Compound by Freezing Point Depression. Objective: The objective of this experiment is to determine the molar mass of an unknown
More informationTest Bank - Chapter 3 Multiple Choice
Test Bank - Chapter 3 The questions in the test bank cover the concepts from the lessons in Chapter 3. Select questions from any of the categories that match the content you covered with students. The
More informationThe Properties of Water (Instruction Sheet)
The Properties of Water (Instruction Sheet) Property : High Polarity Activity #1 Surface Tension: PILE IT ON. Materials: 1 DRY penny, 1 eye dropper, water. 1. Make sure the penny is dry. 2. Begin by estimating
More informationSection 1 The Earth System
Section 1 The Earth System Key Concept Earth is a complex system made up of many smaller systems through which matter and energy are continuously cycled. What You Will Learn Energy and matter flow through
More informationEVERYDAY ENGINEERING EXAMPLES FOR SIMPLE CONCEPTS
EVERYDAY ENGINEERING EXAMPLES FOR SIMPLE CONCEPTS Thermal Properties ENGR 3350 - Materials Science Dr. Nedim Vardar Copyright 2015 Thermal Properties of Materials Engage: MSEIP Engineering Everyday Engineering
More informationFXA 2008. Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ
UNIT G484 Module 3 4.3.3 Thermal Properties of Materials 1 Candidates should be able to : Define and apply the concept of specific heat capacity. Select and apply the equation : E = mcδθ The MASS (m) of
More informationChapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy
Chapter 4: Transfer of Thermal Energy Goals of Period 4 Section 4.1: To define temperature and thermal energy Section 4.2: To discuss three methods of thermal energy transfer. Section 4.3: To describe
More informationChapter 4 Practice Quiz
Chapter 4 Practice Quiz 1. Label each box with the appropriate state of matter. A) I: Gas II: Liquid III: Solid B) I: Liquid II: Solid III: Gas C) I: Solid II: Liquid III: Gas D) I: Gas II: Solid III:
More informationChapter 3 Student Reading
Chapter 3 Student Reading If you hold a solid piece of lead or iron in your hand, it feels heavy for its size. If you hold the same size piece of balsa wood or plastic, it feels light for its size. The
More informationStates of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS]
OpenStax-CNX module: m38210 1 States of Matter and the Kinetic Molecular Theory - Gr10 [CAPS] Free High School Science Texts Project This work is produced by OpenStax-CNX and licensed under the Creative
More informationTemperature. Temperature
Chapter 8 Temperature Temperature a number that corresponds to the warmth or coldness of an object measured by a thermometer is a per-particle property no upper limit definite limit on lower end Temperature
More informationFIRST GRADE CHEMISTRY
FIRST GRADE CHEMISTRY 1 WEEK LESSON PLANS AND ACTIVITIES ROCK CYCLE OVERVIEW OF FIRST GRADE CHEMISTRY WEEK 1. PRE: Comparing solids, gases, liquids, and plasma. LAB: Exploring how states of matter can
More informationREASONING AND SOLUTION
39. REASONING AND SOLUTION The heat released by the blood is given by Q cm T, in which the specific heat capacity c of the blood (water) is given in Table 12.2. Then Therefore, T Q cm 2000 J 0.8 C [4186
More informationUNIT 6a TEST REVIEW. 1. A weather instrument is shown below.
UNIT 6a TEST REVIEW 1. A weather instrument is shown below. Which weather variable is measured by this instrument? 1) wind speed 3) cloud cover 2) precipitation 4) air pressure 2. Which weather station
More informationKINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS
KINETIC THEORY AND THERMODYNAMICS 1. Basic ideas Kinetic theory based on experiments, which proved that a) matter contains particles and quite a lot of space between them b) these particles always move
More informationFreezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version
Freezing Point Depression: Why Don t Oceans Freeze? Teacher Advanced Version Freezing point depression describes the process where the temperature at which a liquid freezes is lowered by adding another
More informationChapter Outline. 3 Elements and Compounds. Elements and Atoms. Elements. Elements. Elements 9/4/2013
3 Elements and Compounds Chapter Outline 3.1 Elements A. Distribution of Elements Foundations of College Chemistry, 14 th Ed. Morris Hein and Susan Arena Copyright This reclining Buddha in Thailand is
More informationName: Unit 2- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures and Physical/Chemical Properties and Changes. Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Name: Unit 2- Elements, Compounds and Mixtures and Physical/Chemical Properties and Changes Day Page # Description IC/HW All 2 Warm-up IC 1 3 5 Matter Notes IC 1 6 Nuts & Bolts IC 1 7 Elements, Compounds
More informationTheory of Heating by Induction
CHAPTER 2 Theory of Heating by Induction INDUCTION HEATING was first noted when it was found that heat was produced in transformer and motor windings, as mentioned in the Chapter Heat Treating of Metal
More informationName: Class: Date: ID: A
Name: Class: Date: ID: A Chapter 2 Assessment Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. Complete short answer questions on a separate sheet of paper.
More information5 Answers and Solutions to Text Problems
Energy and States of Matter 5 Answers and Solutions to Text Problems 5.1 At the top of the hill, all of the energy of the car is in the form of potential energy. As it descends down the hill, potential
More informationTest 5 Review questions. 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will
Name: Thursday, December 13, 2007 Test 5 Review questions 1. As ice cools from 273 K to 263 K, the average kinetic energy of its molecules will 1. decrease 2. increase 3. remain the same 2. The graph below
More informationChapter 3: Water and Life
Name Period Chapter 3: Water and Life Concept 3.1 Polar covalent bonds in water result in hydrogen bonding 1. Study the water molecules at the right. On the central molecule, label oxygen (O) and hydrogen
More informationChemistry Worksheet: Matter #1
Chemistry Worksheet: Matter #1 1. A mixture (is/is not) a chemical combining of substances. 2. In a compound the (atoms/molecules) are (chemically/physically) combined so that the elements that make up
More informationPurpose: To determine the dew and point and relative humidity in the classroom, and find the current relative humidity outside.
Lab Exercise: Dew Point and Relative Humidity Purpose: To determine the dew and point and relative humidity in the classroom, and find the current relative humidity outside. Relative humidity is a measure
More informationChapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods
Chapter 1: Chemistry: Measurements and Methods 1.1 The Discovery Process o Chemistry - The study of matter o Matter - Anything that has mass and occupies space, the stuff that things are made of. This
More information1.4.6-1.4.8 Gas Laws. Heat and Temperature
1.4.6-1.4.8 Gas Laws Heat and Temperature Often the concepts of heat and temperature are thought to be the same, but they are not. Perhaps the reason the two are incorrectly thought to be the same is because
More informationUnit A: Studying Materials Scientifically
ITEM BANKS Unit A: Studying Materials Scientifically Multiple choice: Circle the best answer. 1. What safety rules should you always follow while doing a science laboratory? a. Wear safety goggles at all
More informationGetting the most from this book...4 About this book...5
Contents Getting the most from this book...4 About this book....5 Content Guidance Topic 1 Atomic structure and the periodic table...8 Topic 2 Bonding and structure...14 Topic 2A Bonding....14 Topic 2B
More informationSEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB
SEPARATION OF A MIXTURE OF SUBSTANCES LAB Purpose: Every chemical has a set of defined physical properties, and when combined they present a unique fingerprint for that chemical. When chemicals are present
More informationTEMPERATURE 2008, 2004, 1990 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved.
TEMPERATURE 2008, 2004, 10 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. A BRIEF HISTORY OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT Ancient people were physically aware of hot and cold and probably related temperature by the
More informationThermochemistry. r2 d:\files\courses\1110-20\99heat&thermorans.doc. Ron Robertson
Thermochemistry r2 d:\files\courses\1110-20\99heat&thermorans.doc Ron Robertson I. What is Energy? A. Energy is a property of matter that allows work to be done B. Potential and Kinetic Potential energy
More informationExperiment 6 Coffee-cup Calorimetry
6-1 Experiment 6 Coffee-cup Calorimetry Introduction: Chemical reactions involve the release or consumption of energy, usually in the form of heat. Heat is measured in the energy units, Joules (J), defined
More informationEvery mathematician knows it is impossible to understand an elementary course in thermodynamics. ~V.I. Arnold
Every mathematician knows it is impossible to understand an elementary course in thermodynamics. ~V.I. Arnold Radiation Radiation: Heat energy transmitted by electromagnetic waves Q t = εσat 4 emissivity
More information2 MATTER. 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
2 MATTER Matter is the material of which the universe is composed. It has two characteristics: It has mass; and It occupies space (i.e., it has a volume). Matter can be found in three generic states: Solid;
More informationProject 1.3.4 Renewable Insulation Example Teacher Notes
Project 1.3.4 Renewable Insulation Example Teacher Notes Sample Data and Teacher Notes This guide is designed to provide sample calculations, background, and tips for the teachers performing this project
More information18.2 Comparing Atoms. Atomic number. Chapter 18
As you know, some substances are made up of only one kind of atom and these substances are called elements. You already know something about a number of elements you ve heard of hydrogen, helium, silver,
More informationWhat Is Heat? What Is Heat?
What Is Heat? Paul shivered inside the wood cabin. It was cold outside, and inside the cabin it wasn t much warmer. Paul could hear the rain beating down on the roof. Every few minutes there would be a
More informationChapter 10: Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10: Temperature and Heat 1. The temperature of a substance is A. proportional to the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. B. equal to the kinetic energy of the fastest moving
More informationName Date Class CHAPTER 1 REVIEW. Answer the following questions in the space provided.
CHAPTER 1 REVIEW Matter and Change SECTION 1 SHORT ANSWER Answer the following questions in the space provided. 1. a Technological development of a chemical product often (a) lags behind basic research
More informationEXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound
EXPERIMENT 12: Empirical Formula of a Compound INTRODUCTION Chemical formulas indicate the composition of compounds. A formula that gives only the simplest ratio of the relative number of atoms in a compound
More informationUnit 5 Practice Test. Name: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Name: Class: Date: Unit 5 Practice Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) The internal energy of a system is always increased by. A) adding
More informationEXPERIMENT 13: THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GASES
Name Section EXPERIMENT 13: THE IDEAL GAS LAW AND THE MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF GASES PRE-LABORATORY QUESTIONS The following preparatory questions should be answered before coming to lab. They are intended to
More informationName Date Class STATES OF MATTER. SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389)
13 STATES OF MATTER SECTION 13.1 THE NATURE OF GASES (pages 385 389) This section introduces the kinetic theory and describes how it applies to gases. It defines gas pressure and explains how temperature
More informationExperiment 1: Measurement and Density
Experiment 1: Measurement and Density Chemistry 140 Learning Objectives Become familiar with laboratory equipment and glassware Begin to see the link between measurement and chemical knowledge Begin to
More informationChapter Test A. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE. chemically combined? MIXs2 a. element b. compound c. mixture d.
Assessment Chapter Test A Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are
More informationA n = 2 to n = 1. B n = 3 to n = 1. C n = 4 to n = 2. D n = 5 to n = 2
North arolina Testing Program EO hemistry Sample Items Goal 4 1. onsider the spectrum for the hydrogen atom. In which situation will light be produced? 3. Which color of light would a hydrogen atom emit
More informationChemical Changes. Measuring a Chemical Reaction. Name(s)
Chemical Changes Name(s) In the particle model of matter, individual atoms can be bound tightly to other atoms to form molecules. For example, water molecules are made up of two hydrogen atoms bound to
More informationUNIT 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY
UNIT 1 THERMOCHEMISTRY THERMOCHEMISTRY LEARNING OUTCOMES Students will be expected to: THERMOCHEMISTRY STSE analyse why scientific and technological activities take place in a variety individual and group
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry
More informationSpecimen Paper. Time allowed! 60 minutes
Centre Number Surname Candidate Number Specimen Paper For Examiner s Use Other Names Candidate Signature Examiner s Initials General Certificate of Secondary Education Foundation Tier Question 1 Mark Chemistry
More informationIn this experiment, we will use three properties to identify a liquid substance: solubility, density and boiling point..
Identification of a Substance by Physical Properties 2009 by David A. Katz. All rights reserved. Permission for academic use provided the original copyright is included Every substance has a unique set
More informationUses of metals: other properties of metals
Uses of metals: other properties of metals Name: Let s Recap You have learnt all about what characteristics or properties metal have that make them different from non-metals. Write down five properties
More informationPractice Test. 4) The planet Earth loses heat mainly by A) conduction. B) convection. C) radiation. D) all of these Answer: C
Practice Test 1) Increase the pressure in a container of oxygen gas while keeping the temperature constant and you increase the A) molecular speed. B) molecular kinetic energy. C) Choice A and choice B
More information10 g 5 g? 10 g 5 g. 10 g 5 g. scale
The International System of Units, or the SI Units Vs. Honors Chem 1 LENGTH In the SI, the base unit of length is the Meter. Prefixes identify additional units of length, based on the meter. Smaller than
More informationAtomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu)
Micro World atoms & molecules Laboratory scale measurements Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in atomic mass units (amu) By definition: 1 atom 12 C weighs 12 amu On this scale 1 H = 1.008 amu 16 O = 16.00
More informationChapter 10 Temperature and Heat
Chapter 10 Temperature and Heat What are temperature and heat? Are they the same? What causes heat? What Is Temperature? How do we measure temperature? What are we actually measuring? Temperature and Its
More informationCH3 Stoichiometry. The violent chemical reaction of bromine and phosphorus. P.76
CH3 Stoichiometry The violent chemical reaction of bromine and phosphorus. P.76 Contents 3.1 Counting by Weighing 3.2 Atomic Masses 3.3 The Mole 3.4 Molar Mass 3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds 3.6
More informationPre-Lab Notebook Content: Your notebook should include the title, date, purpose, procedure; data tables.
Determination of Molar Mass by Freezing Point Depression M. Burkart & M. Kim Experimental Notes: Students work in pairs. Safety: Goggles and closed shoes must be worn. Dispose of all chemical in the plastic
More informationEXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State
EXAMPLE EXERCISE 4.1 Change of Physical State State the term that applies to each of the following changes of physical state: (a) Snow changes from a solid to a liquid. (b) Gasoline changes from a liquid
More informationBomb Calorimetry. Electrical leads. Stirrer
Bomb Calorimetry Stirrer Electrical leads Oxygen inlet valve Bomb Fuse Calorimeter Outer jacket Not shown: heating and cooling system for outer jacket, and controls that keep the outer jacket at the same
More informationThe Empirical Formula of a Compound
The Empirical Formula of a Compound Lab #5 Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant,
More informationexperiment5 Understanding and applying the concept of limiting reagents. Learning how to perform a vacuum filtration.
81 experiment5 LECTURE AND LAB SKILLS EMPHASIZED Synthesizing an organic substance. Understanding and applying the concept of limiting reagents. Determining percent yield. Learning how to perform a vacuum
More informationChapter Test B. Chapter: Measurements and Calculations
Assessment Chapter Test B Chapter: Measurements and Calculations PART I In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. 1.
More informationAtomic Structure Chapter 5 Assignment & Problem Set
Atomic Structure Name Warm-Ups (Show your work for credit) Date 1. Date 2. Date 3. Date 4. Date 5. Date 6. Date 7. Date 8. Atomic Structure 2 Study Guide: Things You Must Know Vocabulary (know the definition
More informationHow To Calculate Mass In Chemical Reactions
We have used the mole concept to calculate mass relationships in chemical formulas Molar mass of ethanol (C 2 H 5 OH)? Molar mass = 2 x 12.011 + 6 x 1.008 + 1 x15.999 = 46.069 g/mol Mass percentage of
More informationPhysical and Chemical Changes Pre Test Questions
Pre Test Questions Name: Period: Date: 1. Which of the following is an example of physical change? a. Mixing baking soda and vinegar together, and this causes bubbles and foam. b. A glass cup falls from
More informationChemical Building Blocks: Chapter 3: Elements and Periodic Table
Name: Class: Date: Chemical Building Blocks: Chapter 3: Elements and Periodic Table Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
More informationType: Single Date: Homework: READ 12.8, Do CONCEPT Q. # (14) Do PROBLEMS (40, 52, 81) Ch. 12
Type: Single Date: Objective: Latent Heat Homework: READ 12.8, Do CONCEPT Q. # (14) Do PROBLEMS (40, 52, 81) Ch. 12 AP Physics B Date: Mr. Mirro Heat and Phase Change When bodies are heated or cooled their
More informationCompounds vs mixtures. Physics and Chemistry IES Jaume Salvador i Pedrol February 2009
Compounds vs mixtures Physics and Chemistry IES Jaume Salvador i Pedrol February 2009 Compounds Remember that a compound is a substance made up from two or more elements, chemically joined together. This
More information4.4 Calculations Involving the Mole Concept
44 Section 43 Questions 1 Define Avogadro s constant, and explain its significance in quantitative analysis 2 Distinguish between the terms atomic mass and molar mass 3 Calculate the mass of a molecule
More informationSoldering. Resources and methods for learning about these subjects (list a few here, in preparation for your research):
Soldering This worksheet and all related files are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, version 1.0. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/1.0/,
More informationUnit 2: Quantities in Chemistry
Mass, Moles, & Molar Mass Relative quantities of isotopes in a natural occurring element (%) E.g. Carbon has 2 isotopes C-12 and C-13. Of Carbon s two isotopes, there is 98.9% C-12 and 11.1% C-13. Find
More informationMixing Warm and Cold Water
Mixing Warm and Cold Water A Continuing Investigation of Thermal Pollution By Kevin White 1 Context: This lesson is intended for students conducting an ongoing study of thermal pollution. Perhaps, students
More informationExam on Heat and Energy
Exam on Heat and Energy True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Energy is the ability to cause change. 2. Energy is measured in joules. 3. When you ride a playground swing, your
More informationHeat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation
Heat Transfer: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Introduction We have learned that heat is the energy that makes molecules move. Molecules with more heat energy move faster, and molecules with less
More informationEXPERIMENT 15: Ideal Gas Law: Molecular Weight of a Vapor
EXPERIMENT 15: Ideal Gas Law: Molecular Weight of a Vapor Purpose: In this experiment you will use the ideal gas law to calculate the molecular weight of a volatile liquid compound by measuring the mass,
More informationSample Questions Chapter 2. Stoker
Sample Questions Chapter 2. Stoker 1. The mathematical meaning associated with the metric system prefixes centi, milli, and micro is, respectively, A) 2, 4, and 6. B) 2, 3, and 6. C) 3, 6, and 9. D) 3,
More informationName Class Date. What is ionic bonding? What happens to atoms that gain or lose electrons? What kinds of solids are formed from ionic bonds?
CHAPTER 1 2 Ionic Bonds SECTION Chemical Bonding BEFORE YOU READ After you read this section, you should be able to answer these questions: What is ionic bonding? What happens to atoms that gain or lose
More informationThe Atom and the Periodic Table. Electron Cloud Structure Energy Levels Rows on the Periodic Table Bohr Models Electron Dot Diagrams
The Atom and the Periodic Table Electron Cloud Structure Energy Levels Rows on the Periodic Table Bohr Models Electron Dot Diagrams Review The vertical columns in the periodic table are called groups.
More informationTEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY
TEACHER BACKGROUND INFORMATION THERMAL ENERGY In general, when an object performs work on another object, it does not transfer all of its energy to that object. Some of the energy is lost as heat due to
More informationPreview of Period 5: Thermal Energy, the Microscopic Picture
Preview of Period 5: Thermal Energy, the Microscopic Picture 5.1 Temperature and Molecular Motion What is evaporative cooling? 5.2 Temperature and Phase Changes How much energy is required for a phase
More informationEvaluation copy. Energy Content of Foods. computer OBJECTIVES MATERIALS
Energy Content of Foods Computer 10 Energy content is an important property of food. The energy your body needs for running, talking, and thinking comes from the food you eat. Energy content is the amount
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS
SUPPLEMENTARY TOPIC 3 ENERGY AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS Rearranging atoms. In a chemical reaction, bonds between atoms in one or more molecules (reactants) break and new bonds are formed with other atoms to
More information(Walter Glogowski, Chaz Shapiro & Reid Sherman) INTRODUCTION
Convection (Walter Glogowski, Chaz Shapiro & Reid Sherman) INTRODUCTION You know from common experience that when there's a difference in temperature between two places close to each other, the temperatures
More informationHeat Energy FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7. Public School System Teaching Standards Covered
FORMS OF ENERGY LESSON PLAN 2.7 Heat Energy This lesson is designed for 3rd 5th grade students in a variety of school settings (public, private, STEM schools, and home schools) in the seven states served
More informationPREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION
1 Name: Lab Instructor: PREPARATION FOR CHEMISTRY LAB: COMBUSTION 1. What is a hydrocarbon? 2. What products form in the complete combustion of a hydrocarbon? 3. Combustion is an exothermic reaction. What
More informationPhase diagram of water. Note: for H 2 O melting point decreases with increasing pressure, for CO 2 melting point increases with increasing pressure.
Phase diagram of water Note: for H 2 O melting point decreases with increasing pressure, for CO 2 melting point increases with increasing pressure. WATER Covers ~ 70% of the earth s surface Life on earth
More informationGeneral Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Lab #3: The Empirical Formula of a Compound. Introduction
General Chemistry I (FC, 09-10) Introduction A look at the mass relationships in chemistry reveals little order or sense. The ratio of the masses of the elements in a compound, while constant, does not
More informationName: Class: Date: Multiple Choice Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Class: Date: Minerals Study Guide Modified True/False Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
More informationENTHALPY CHANGES FOR A CHEMICAL REACTION scaling a rxn up or down (proportionality) quantity 1 from rxn heat 1 from Δ r H. = 32.
CHEMISTRY 103 Help Sheet #10 Chapter 4 (Part II); Sections 4.6-4.10 Do the topics appropriate for your lecture Prepared by Dr. Tony Jacob http://www.chem.wisc.edu/areas/clc (Resource page) Nuggets: Enthalpy
More informationCarolina s Solution Preparation Manual
84-1201 Carolina s Solution Preparation Manual Instructions Carolina Biological Supply Company has created this reference manual to enable you to prepare solutions. Although many types of solutions may
More information