R & D on JATROPHA (Jatropha curcas) by Malaysian Rubber Board

Transcription

1 R & D on JATROPHA (Jatropha curcas) by Malaysian Rubber Board Zulkefly Sulaiman, Khairul Ashraf Adrutdin, Badrul Ezam Badaruddin, Mohd Fauzi Mohd Yusoff and Nor Hassifi Suib Malaysia-Indonesia Scientific Meeting On Jatropha Royeal Chulan, Kuala Lumpur 6 February 2013

2 INTRODUCTION Increase of world oil price (2003/04 USD 25/barrel, 2008, > USD 100( highest USD125/ barrel, 2013 USD 97) has resulted in government of Malaysia to find an alternative way on energy policies with preference on non-food based feedstock such as Jatropha for production of Bio-fuel. The fossil fuel not only contributes to pollution, but it is a major source of Green House Gases (Biofuel: cleaner than fossil fuel - reduce CO 2 emission by 78%, CO emission by 50%). Thus, there is a need to search for alternative sources of energy, which are renewable, safe and non-polluting. Jatropha curcas appears to hold great promise and opportunities as an alternative source of biofuel in Malaysia.

3 Instruction from Malaysian Government on Jatropha In August 2007, The Ministry of Plantation Industries and Commodities (MPIC) has been tasked by Malaysian government to lead the development of planting Jatropha in Malaysia. The lack of research informations, particularly in the aspects of plant breeding, agronomy and economic, are the great challenges for MRB. Therefore, research and development (R & D) on Jatropha is required before this oil bearing crop can be commercialise at the large scale plantation

4 CURRENT R & D ON JATROPHA Focus on evaluation of Jatropha accessions and commercial varieties from private sector on growth and yield of Jatropha. Selection of high yielding genotype. Until June 2012, about 50 hectare of Jatropha has been planted in LGM Sg. Buloh, Selangor and LGM Kota Tinggi Johor. To-date only 8 hectare left due to development of land in Sg. Buloh.

5 Issue and Challenge of Planting Jatropha in Malaysia Current planting material used for cultivation are inherently low yielder (first year: < 0.5 ton of dry seeds/ha/year and fifth year: 5-6 tons of dry seeds/ha/year) Is it achievable?.

6 Preparation of planting materials 1. SEEDLINGS (SEEDS) 2 Months old Jatropha Seedlings suitable for Planting in the field

7 Preparation of planting materials 2. STEM CUTTING 3. STEM BUDDING 1.5 months old Jatropha cuttings in the polybeg

8 2. FIELD PREPARATION FOR PLANTING Free from stump JATROPHA Termite attacked due to improper land clearing

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10 Issue and Challenge of Planting Jatropha in Malaysia 3. Low Productivity

11 Expected yield from Jatropha Indonesia Expected 4-5 ton dry seeds/ha (age: 5 years) (Dr. Ir Theresia Prawitasari, 2006). Is it achievable? MARDI Fruits yield for 5 years old trees (7 trees - Germplasam) to 1100 fruits/tree/9 months - (1 kg to 2.7 kg dry seeds/tree/ 9 months) ton/ha to 2.9 ton/ha/9 months (Sivapragasam, A and Mansor puteh, 2008)

12 Evaluation of commercial variety (JW 888) on growth and yield of Jatropha Location: Fld: 15, LGM Sg. Buloh Date of planting: 25 May 2008 Area : 5 hectare Density of planting: (i) 3m x 3m (1111trees/ha), (ii) 2m x 2m x 3m (2000 trees/ha) (iii) 2m x 2m (2500 trees/ha).

13 Effect of planting density on dry seed of Jatropha. Dry seeds/tree (gm/tree) Projected yield 1 Year of fruting Mean (dry seeds) Density Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July August Sept Oct Nov Dis gm/tree kg/ha/year D D D LSD P < 0.05) Yield > 9 months * Projected dry seeds/ha/yr: Based on 70% tree fruiting D1: 1111 trees/ha (3m x 3m) D2: 2000 trees/ha (2m x 2m x 3m) D3: 2500 trees/ha (2m x 2m) Oil content: 21.7%

14 Effect of planting density on dry seed of Jatropha. Seeds dry weight (gm/tree) Mean Projected yield* Density Jan Feb Mar Apr Oct Nov Dec Second Year of Fruiting gm/tree (dry seeds) kg/ha/year D D D * Projected dry seeds/ha/yr: Based on 100 % tree fruiting D1: 1111 trees/ha (3m x 3m) D2: 2000 trees/ha (2m x 2m x 3m) D3: 2500 trees/ha (2m x 2m)

15 Effect of planting density on dry seed of Jatropha. Density Seeds dry weight (gm/tree) Jan Feb Mar Apr Sep Oct Nov Dec Third Year of Fruiting D D D Mean Projected yield gm/tree (dry seeds) kg/ha/year * Projected dry seeds/ha/yr: Based on 100 % tree fruiting D1: 1111 trees/ha (3m x 3m) D2: 2000 trees/ha (2m x 2m x 3m) D3: 2500 trees/ha (2m x 2m)

16 Study on the various Jatropha accessions on growth and yield of Jatropha. Objectives i) To evaluate the performance of Jatropha from 5 accesions on growth and yield of Jatropha. ii) To select the best genotype of Jatropha in terms of growth and yield. 5 accessions under study: A1- Borneo Mega Power (Sarawak), (ii) A2 Myanmar, (iii) A3 Thailand, A4 Africa, and A5 Sabah. Planting density: 1111 trees/ha (3m x 3m). Site: fld 55 LGM Sg. Buloh Date of Planting: August Area: 4 hectare

17 Percentage of trees survival from various accessions (77 days after planting). Accession Percentage of tree survival 1. Borneo Mega Power (Sarawak) Myanmar Thailand Afrika Sabah 92.0

18 Survey on percentage of jatropha tree flowering according to various accessions (77 days after planting). Accessions Percentage of tree flowering 1. Borneo Mega Power (Sarawak) Myanmar Thailand Afrika Sabah 12.0

19 YIELD OF JATROPHA FROM VARIOUS ACCESSIONS Dry seeds/tree (gm/tree/month) Mean Projected yield Accessions 1 year of fruting gm/tree (kg/ha/year) Feb Mar Apr May June July Augst Sept Okt Nov Dis 1. Sarawak Myanmar Thailand Afrika Sabah LSD P < Note: Density: 1111 trees/ha Date of Planting: 25 August 2008.

20 YIELD OF JATROPHA FROM VARIOUS ACCESSIONS Accessions Seeds dry weight (gm) Projected Yield Second Year of fruiting Jan Feb Mar Apr Nov Dec Mean gm/ tree/month kg/ha/yr. Sarawak Myanmar Thailand Africa Sabah LSD P <

21 Oil Content (%) Oil Content (%) From Various Accessions Accession

22 Pest of Jatropha curcas Scale Insect, Pulvinaria maxima (Coccidae) Females is large in size compared to males and can be identified by their leathery pale brown cover the tender shoots and stem in numbers. Male scales are white in colour and generally found conspicuously under the leaves. Feed on the cell sap of the plant which cause the destruction of the cell structure that leads to the leaf malformation and leaf fall. Preferably attack the stem and the leaves petiole. Control Can be controlled by using Deltamethrin 1.4%, Malathion 2.5 ml + 1 Litre of water. and White oil 28 ml + 1 Litre of water.

23 Mealy bugs, Ferrisiana virgata (Pseudococcidae) Adult female is white in colour which is covered by powdery white wax and has a pair of purplish dorsal stripe along the back. There are two long wax tails and stripes on the back serves to distinguish it from other species. Feeds on the cell sap of the plant that cause the leafs, flower buds and fruit malformation and also can cause the leaf fall. Preferably attack the tips of the stem where the new bud emerged, along the back vein of the leaves and also the fruit. Control Can be controlled by using Deltamethrin 1.4%, Malathion 57.0% and White oil 2.8ml + 1 Litre of water.

24 Attacked by leaf minor

25 How to make Jatropha Industry viable Research should be focused on breeding program, agronomy aspects, pests & disease and cost and return. Production of high yielding clones or varieties is important to ensure the competitiveness and the viability of the Jatropha industry in the future. Production also should be focused not only Biodiesel + bi-product such Biofertiliser, Biogas, Insecticide, soap and medical product, etc

26 Selection of high yielding genotype Number of fruits/tree Total Perdicted Genotype site Jan Feb Mac Apr Mei Jun July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dis Jan Total of Fruits weight Dry seeds Yield/ha fruits (gm/tree) (gm/tree) (after first year) 1 Jatropha Nursery ton/ha 2 Fld Fld Fld Jatropha nursery Note: number of branches: 8-12 Maximum no of fruits: average fruits/bunch

27 Genotype 1 (NJTI1)

28 NJTT1 (selection )

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30 TISSUE CULTURE OBJECTIVES: Elite Planting Materials propagation of mass scale Genetic transformation toxicity, oil quality, seed quality

31 Source of explants Leaves Seeds

32 Shoot / inter-node Source of explants

33 Result Callus had been obtained. Both in dark and light condition. Callus had been transferred to shoot induction media and embryoids induction media.

34 Shoot regenerated from callus Shoot regenerated from internode

35 Tissue culture Rough media obtained. Need to fine tune (optimized) Need for own formulation for produce mass production.

36 Byproduct from Jatropha- Biofertiliser

37 Jatropha Cake as a food for microbe for production of Biogas 37

38 THANK YOU 38