Agenda. RFID Technical Overview Testing Requirements Real-time RF Test Platform

Transcription

1 RFID Test

2 Agenda RFID Technical Overview Testing Requirements Real-time RF Test Platform

3 RFID Architecture Computer Application (ex. SCM) VPN / Intranet Enterprise Database Message Tag Reader Antenna Object

4 RFID Technology Overview Wireless Communication Method (Inductive vs. Backscattering) Modulation Scheme ASK, FSK, PSK Pulse Position (PPM), Phase Jitter (PJM), Pulse Duration (PDM) Channel Coding Enables original message to better withstand the effects of channel impairments such as noise, fading, etc. Adds bits to the original message

5 RFID Technology Overview 5 Classes of Tags Read/Write Capability Passive vs. Active Powered Tags Multiple Frequency Bands MHz

6 Applications/Frequency Coverage

7 Frequency: LF Frequency 125 khz Typical Distance < 0.5 m Protocols ISO Application Area Access Control Animal Tagging Vehicle immobilizers Tag Power Supply Passive Tag Communication Method Inductive Coupling

8 Frequency: HF Frequency MHz Typical Distance < 1 m Protocols ISM Class 1 Gen 1 ISO ISO 14443A ISO 14443B ISO Application Area Smart Card, Payment Access Control, Personal ID Item Level Tagging (Baggage Control, Transport, Libraries, Laundries, etc ) Tag Power Supply Passive Tag Communication Method Inductive Coupling

9 Frequency: UHF Frequency 860 ~ 960 MHz Typical Distance < 10 m Protocols EPC Class 0, Gen 1 EPC Class 1, Gen 1 EPC Class 1, Gen 2 ISO A ISO B Application Area Supply Chain Pallet Tagging Box / Carton Tagging Baggage Handling Electronic Toll Collection (US) Tag Power Supply Passive Semi-Passive Active Tag Communication Method Backscattering

10 Frequency: Microwave Frequency 2.45 GHz Typical Distance Not Limited Protocols ISO Application Area Electronic Toll Collection Real Time Location of Goods Tag Power Supply Passive Semi-Passive Active Tag Communication Method Backscattering

11 Testing Methodologies of RFID 1. Basic Pass/Fail: Gold System w/ Communication to Reader Reader (Interrogator) Physical Interface Antenna Air Interface Tag (Transponder) Tagged Object 2. Sniffer Application: Analyze Reader/Tag Comm. 3. Basic Stim/Resp: Generator Emulates Reader/Tag Antenna Antenna RF Signal Analyzer RF Signal Analyzer RF Signal Generator

12 Test Requirements Spectral Measurements Spurious Emissions, ACPR, Timing Analysis Rise/fall time, duty cycle, settling time,... Protocol Testing

13 PXI RF Vector Signal Analyzer and Generator Acquire and Generate signals up to 2.7 GHz 9 khz to 2.7 GHz analysis with 20 MHz real-time bandwidth 250 khz to 2.7 GHz generation with 22 MHz real-time bandwidth 80 db SFDR 50 ppb frequency accuracy -135dBm/Hz noise density (< 1GHz) Deep memory for long capture/play time

14 Modulation and Spectral Measurement Tools Modulation 4, 16, 64, 256 QAM BPSK, QPSK, 16-PSK ASK, FSK, MSK, GMSK AM, FM, PM OFDM EVM, MER Quadrature Skew IQ Imbalance/DC Offset Frequency Offset Rho Bit Error Rate Testing Signal Processing 9 Windowing Functions 3 Averaging Modes Digital IIR and FIR Filters Pulse Measurements Transition Measurements Resampling Up/Down Conversion CCDF Spectral Measurements THD, SINAD, SNR, SFDR Specific harmonic level Power in band Adjacent channel power Occupied bandwidth Peak detection Zoom FFT Frequency Response Joint Time Frequency Analysis

15 RFID Demo ISO HF Tag Testing Spectral/Timing/Protocol Measurements PXI Modular Instrumentation System PXI-5671 RF Signal Generator PXI-5661 RF Signal Analyzer VI Service Networks RFID Test Software

16 Advanced Requirements Modern RFID Standards Addressing New Concerns Environments w/ multiple tags Protocols w/ built-in security Interoperability of Multiple Reader/Tag Vendors Quality of operation vs. Pass/Fail Different operation environment

17 Challenge: Response in Microseconds

18 RFID Test System Architecture RFID Tag/Reader RFID Software Antenna RF Up converter Down converter Host Computer IF IF RFID Baseband Product Software

19 IF-RIO Transceiver: 2MB SRAM Memory AI 0 ADC/DDC 2 Analog Inputs (100 MS/s, 14-bit) 2 Analog Outputs (200 MS/s, 14-bit) AI 1 ADC/DDC FPGA Integrated DDC/DUC AO 0 DAC/DUC VirtexII Pro FPGA with 3M Gates AO 1 DAC/DUC Fast DMA data transfer to host. CLK Timebase STC2 (DMA) TRIG PCI Bus

20 LabVIEW Graphical Programming Compiled graphical development environment Development time reduction of four to ten times Tools to acquire, analyze, and present your data

21 RFID Test Solution VISN-100 RFID Tester Multiple Protocol Support Real-time RFID Communication

22 NI Differentiators FPGA-based IF Platform Provides Real-time Performance and Flexibility to React to Evolving RFID Standards Flexible RF Layer Provides Interface to HF, UHF and Microwave Interfaces Host-based Processing Provides Comprehensive Analysis Layer and Connectivity to Enterprise Level Software