An Integrated Solution to Zero Waste

Transcription

1 An Integrated Solution to Zero Waste SWANA Florida Winter Waste Conference 2015 SierraEnergyCorp.com Mike Hart, CEO

2 Opening Slide

3 The Public s View Limited understanding of options for trash RECYCLE COMPOST BURN LANDFILL

4 Landfills: Not a Sustainable Solution ~2,100 landfills in U.S. Emit Greenhouse Gases Over 2 ton emitted for every ton of trash Global Warming Potential (GWP) for methane has increased from 21 to 84 Potential to pollute soil & water Average $45 per ton tip fee

5 Incineration Burning Trash has long history 86 incinerators in the U.S. Europe reduces GHG by 34% Limited end products 30% volume ash Pollutants Dioxins Low electrical efficiency Long term waste agreements Public outrage has become major issue

6 Goal of Zero Waste

7 Conversion Technology Options Recycle Compost Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Digestion Pyrolysis Down Draft Gasification Up Draft Gasification Plasma Gasification Molten Baths FastOx Gasification Fluidized Bed Gasification Microwave Plasma Free Radical Gasifier Thermal Depolymerization Methane Capture Burn

8 Conversion Technology Options Recycle Compost Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Digestion Pyrolysis Down Draft Gasification Up Draft Gasification Plasma Gasification Molten Baths FastOx Gasification Fluidized Bed Gasification Microwave Plasma Free Radical Gasifier Thermal Depolymerization Methane Capture Burn

9 Conversion Technology Options Recycle Compost Anaerobic Digestion Aerobic Digestion Pyrolysis Down Draft Gasification Up Draft Gasification Plasma Gasification Molten Baths FastOx Gasification Fluidized Bed Gasification Microwave Plasma Free Radical Gasifier Thermal Depolymerization Methane Capture Burn

10 An Integrated Solution

11 The FastOx Gasifier Derived from steel-making blast furnace Converts nearly any waste to renewable energy Scalable in a single unit Robust: recovers glass & metals Produces energy-dense syngas Minimal Emissions Competitive Economics Can retrofit existing blast furnaces

12 How It Works Waste: Fed into the Top Oxygen & Steam: Injected at Bottom Waste Descends through Gasifier Inorganics Melt, Recovered as Inert Stone & Metal Organics Vaporize, Recovered as Energy-Dense Syngas

13 FastOx System Process Diagram

14 Inputs/Outputs* Inputs Oxygen into gasifier: 233 kg Steam into gasifier: 96 kg Oxygen into syngas refiner: 205 kg Outputs Dry syngas energy from syngas refiner: up to 11,139 MJ Molten metal from gasifier: 34 kg Molten slag from gasifier: 67 kg Yields* Electricity (genset): 1,083 kwhe (gross)** Electricity (combined cycle): 1,392 kwhe (gross)** FT Products: 148 liters Hydrogen: 78 kg Syngas* Net Calorific Value MJ/kg (dry syngas) Composition Carbon Monoxide: 48 66% Carbon Dioxide: 5 15% Hydrogen: 18 32% Methane: % Ethane: < 2% Propane: < 2% Nitrogen: 0.5 3% Oxygen: < 1% Argon: % *Key Assumptions: Values calculated for FastOx Gasifier and syngas refiner Feedstock Amount: 1,000kg and 13,961MJ Feedstock Material: Post-MRF California MSW, 10%wt. total moisture content. **Electrical Efficiency: Genset: 35% Combined Cycle Power Plant: 45% FastOx Gasification Cold Gas Efficiency: 66 79% Parasitic Load: 16 20%

15 Gasification is Not Incineration

16 Fluidized Bed No Slagging Feedstock Constraints Plasma High Parasitic Loads Expensive Carbon Rods Downdraft Low Conversion Limited Scalability Limitations of Conventional Gasification

17 Slagging Enerkem Fluidized Bed Low Parasitic Load FastOx InEnTech Sierra Energy Plasma Gasification Minimal Preprocessing The Universal Gasifier

18 FastOx Reduces Parasitic Load FastOx Plasma 1 Plasma 2 Plasma 3 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% University of Columbia 2010 Analysis of Plasma Technologies

19 FastOx Gasification Uses Less Land These values represent the land needed to produce enough electricity to power 1000 homes. Source: SAIC/RW Beck

20 1,200 1, ,100 Gallons / MWh Source: PureEnergies.com Coal Nuclear Natural Gas FastOx Water Usage Comparison

21 FastOx Syngas Emissions GHG Emissions from the Large Scale Production of Electricity Notes 1. Syngas quality to electricity: 5 ppm NH 3, 50 ppb Sulfur, 5 ppm VOC, and 50 ppb PM US EPA (~50% Coal, ~20% Natural Gas, ~20% Nuclear Power, ~10% Renewable) 3. Emissions through production of electricity with GREET Modeling and criteria pollutants from NE DEQ 4.

22 The Hydrogen Opportunity Hydrogen fuels from renewable sources are considered some of the most promising alternative fuels Positive Impacts: Reducing oil consumption Eliminating greenhouse gas emissions Fueling economic growth

23 The Hydrogen Opportunity in CA The annual 30.4 million metric tons of California waste can be converted to 1.5 billion kg of renewable H 2. Equivalent to: Avoiding 116 million metric tons of CO 2 Removing 74% of California s automobiles from the roads Positive Impacts: More than 6,000 direct jobs created $7 billion in new revenue for the State

24 The Hydrogen Opportunity in CA When used as a transportation fuel, it is the equivalent to: 3.3 billion gallons of gasoline Avoiding 145 million metric tons of green house gasses each year Removing 93.4% of California s automobiles from the roads

25 The Hydrogen Opportunity with FastOx Production Method FastOx Gasification (systems ranging from 12.5 to 100 MTPD) Natural Gas (produced via steam reforming at fueling station) Natural Gas (produced via steam reforming off-site) Production Cost per Kilogram of Hydrogen $1 $5/kg(H 2 ) $4 $5/kg(H 2 ) $6 $8/kg(H 2 ) Wind (via electrolysis) $8 $10 per/kg(h 2 ) Solar (via electrolysis) $10 $12/kg(H 2 ) A 100 MTPD FastOx gasification system can produce hydrogen at an industry-leading $0.43/Gallon of Gasoline Equivalent.

26 FastOx In Action Developed and demonstrated over the course of 3 years at McClellan Business Park in Sacramento

27 FastOx Performance Successful testing results: Verified Operability with Numerous Feedstocks Increase in the Dry Syngas Energy Density Slag Proven Non-Leaching, Not Hazardous and Can be Sold as a Building Product. Exceeds Performance Expectations

28 2014/2015 Army Installation US Army Garrison Fort Hunter Liggett California base, Net-Zero Waste and Net- Zero Energy pilot Sierra Energy building commercial system Reduce energy costs & improve energy security Department of Defense Funding $3 million California Energy Commission Funding $5 million

29 Facility at Fort Hunter Liggett

30 FastOx gasifiers represent roughly 5% of the capital cost of a complete system

31 Zero Waste Innovation Park Showing communities that net-zero is possible. Engaging UC Davis, City of West Sacramento, City of Davis, Yolo County, and City of Woodland Demonstrate technology cooperation to achieve zero waste Demonstrate clean, renewable end product options Built with decision-making visitors in mind, minutes from the state capitol

32 Innovation Cooperative Partners High-tech mechanical sorting/processing technologies Anaerobic digestion Gasification Intermediate fuel-to-electricity Syngas-to-hydrogen Syngas-to-diesel such as Fischer Tropsch catalyst technologies Intermediate fuel-to-petroleum products or fertilizer Composting

33 Creating transparency with our online FastOx gasification calculator tool

34 Disclaimer: The information provided is confidential and proprietary and constitutes Sierra Energy s trade secrets; it may not be disclosed to any third parties without Sierra Energy s express written permission. The information is based on estimates and assumptions that may prove to be incorrect; actual results may differ significantly. Sierra Energy makes no warranty, guarantee, or representation, either express or implied, as to the adequacy, accuracy, sufficiency, completeness, or freedom from defects of any information provided. Sierra Energy shall not have any liability whatsoever, or be liable for damages of whatever kind or for any costs, expenses, risks, or liabilities, as a result of the receipt or use of, or reliance on, any of the provided information. Sierra Energy 221 First St, Davis, CA (530) info@sierraenergycorp.com