Tõnu Mauring University of Tartu, Estonia Institute of Technology Energy efficient building core-laboratory

Transcription

1 Design of the energy-efficient house: the implications for libraries Tõnu Mauring University of Tartu, Estonia Institute of Technology Energy efficient building core-laboratory 14. April 2010 LIBER Madrid

2 Building orientation and overshadowing analysis 2D / 3D static or animated visualization of shadows and daily shadow ranges on selected surfaces. Numerical overshadowing analysis on selected windows or surfaces for specified time-scale. Visualization of 3D daily and annual sun-paths and seasonal variability of overshadowing. Generation of sun-path diagrams for selected viewpoints.

3 Solar access analysis Cumulative insolation analysis to visualize distribution and availability of solar radiation over an entire building surface. Numerical calculation of incident solar radiation levels on selected objects or surfaces on selected timescale. Based on detailed hourly weather datasets

4 Distribution of end energy consumption within EU with a total value of MWh per year (Deschamps, 2001)

5 Distribution e.g in Germany, where 44% of primary energy is consumed in buildings 32% for space heating 5% for water heating 2% for lighting 5% for other electricity consumption (in residental buildings) Dominance: 80% of the primary energy consumption is caused by low thermal insulation standards in existing buildings (90% today and 60% even in 2050)

6 With high heat insulation standard and the ventilation concept of passive houses, a low limit of heat consumption has meanwhile been achieved, which is around 20 times lower than today s values

7 End energy consumption in residental buildings per square meter of heated floor space in Germany 300 energy consumption kwh/(m2 a) electricity warm water heating 0 building stock new buildings low energy buildings passive buildings (Eicker, 2003 / PHI Darmstadt)

8 Heating energy demand for residental buildings in three European climates 120 heating energy demand kwh/(m2 a) ,5 14,5 92,6 54, ,8 current practice passive building 0 Rome Helsinki Stockholm (Eicker, 2003)

9 Public buildings - statistics Annual energy consumption in Baden-Württemberg (an area of 4,4 million square meters) 300 energy kwh/(m2 a) end energy primary energy heating and warm water electricity (Eicker, 2003)

10 Public buildings - statistics Annual operating costs in Baden-Württemberg (an area of 4,4 million square meters) costs EUR/(m2 a) ,6 6,9 0 heating and warm water electricity (Eicker, 2003)

11 Final energy consumption by building type in Baden-Württemberg energy consumption kwh/(m2 a) office building office building with extensive insulation universities schools hospitals museums, theaters heat electricity (Eicker, 2003)

12 Percentage distribution of operating costs of office buildings per square meter of net surface area more than half energy maintenance taxes administration building services insurance rubbish collection (Eicker, 2003) relative costs %

13 Heat consumption in administrative buildings can be reduced without difficulty, by improved thermal insulation, to under 100 kwh/(m2 a), and even to a few kwh per square meters and year in a passive building (reduction to 5-10% related to average stock) but the electricity remains, dominates total energy consumption by the energy optimized building shell (e.g ~ 33 kwh/(m2 a)) (can be reduced by 50% at most)

14 Measured consumption of electricity, heat and water heating in the first operational year of an office building with a passive house standard in Weilheim/Teck, Germany end energy consumption kwh/(m2 a) ,1 21,7 5,5 electricity lighting computer, office equipment pumps, fans 1,6 17,1 heat warm water heating (Seeberger, 2002 / Eicker, 2003)

15 I insulation fresh air used air V ventil. heat recovery filter outlet inlet II thermal bridges III passive house window IV airtightness Passivhaus Institut Darmstadt

16 REHAU Clima Design with 'Swisspacer'

17 Ventilation: Paul Thermos 200 DC

18 If sun protection or other passive cooling strategies are not applied, cooling energy could add ~ 50 kwh/(m2 a) (European average) (increased demand for comfort in summer) even in northern Europe 40 kwh/(m2 a) cooling energy southern climates 65 kwh/(m2 a) cooling energy northern climates! (measured projects, M. Santamouris) as South has more obvious arhitectural emphasis on summer comfort

19 Typical breakdown of the cooling load at a total load of 50 W/m 2 25 cooling load W/m persons lighting office devices external loads (Eicker, 2003)

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21 180,0 Irradiance kwh/(m2 month), south facade comparison Estonia / Germany Summaarse päikesekiirguse kuusummad lõunaseinal (kwh/m2*kuu) 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 jaanuar veebruar märts aprill mai juuni juuli august september oktoober november detsember Summaarse kiirguse kuusummad Lõunaseinal - Eesti (EEB) Summaarse kiirguse kuusummad Lõunaseinal - Saksa (Hannover) Summaarse kiirguse kuusummad Lõunaseinal - Saksa standardkliima

22 20 Outside air temperature comparison Estonia / Germany 15 Kuu keskmised välisõhu temperatuurid (C) jaanuar veebruar märts aprill mai juuni juuli august september oktoober november detsember välisõhu temp - Eesti (EEB) välisõhu temp - Saksa standardkliima välisõhu temp - Saksa (Hannover)

23 Irradiance kwh/(m2 month) comparison Estonia / Germany Estonia Germany (Hannover) 180,0 180,0 Summaarse päikesekiirguse kuusummad (kwh/m2*kuu) 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 Summaarse päikesekiirguse kuusummad (kwh/m2*kuu) 160,0 140,0 120,0 100,0 80,0 60,0 40,0 20,0 0,0 jaanuar veebruar märts aprill mai juuni juuli august september oktoober november detsember 0, Põhjasein (Baasaasta) Idasein (Baasaasta) Lõunasein (Baasaasta) Läänesein (Baasaasta) Horisontaalpind (Baasaasta) Põhjasein (Hannover) Idasein (Hannover) Lõunasein (Hannover) Läänesein (Hannover) Horisontaalpind (Hannover)

24 3D model view

25 Winter direct solar distribution Wh/m2 C D B A

26 Avg. Daily Direct Radiation (Wh/m2) (period ). View from east

27 Avg. Daily Direct Radiation (Wh/m2) (period ). View from NW

28 Avg. Daily Direct Radiation (Wh/m2) (period )

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32 Shading

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35 F. Oettl

36 heat demand: 9,89 kwh/(m²a) cooling demand: 5,78 kwh/(m²a) lighting: warm water: sum: 7,10 kwh/(m²a) 2,20 kwh/(m²a) 24,97 kwh/(m²a) costst/m²/month: 0,20 F. Oettl

37 F. Oettl

38 F. Oettl

39 F. Oettl

40 F. Oettl

41 Thank you for your attention!