Ancient Egypt. Ms. Melick s Core

Transcription

1 Ancient Egypt Ms. Melick s Core

2 Egyptian Geography Cropping Rivers provided natural irrigation and fertilization for the soil. Shaduf Canals were dug to bring water that farmers need for their crops Counter weight

3 Egyptian Geography Winnowing Fan Wooden fans Used to separate grain from chaff Winnowing Men gathered grain and chaff and threw it in the air Wind carried lighter chaff leaving the grain After donkeys brought wheat to the threshing floor, two fans were used to separate grain from chaff.

4 Egyptian Geography Sickle A simple tool Made out of wood and flint teeth Made to cut crops

5 Egyptian Geography Harvest festival When dry season began, farmers dug channels and canals to bring water to irrigate their land In New Kingdom a lifting system called Shaduf was introduced to raise water from the river If crops failed, people would go hungry.

6 Egyptian Geography Nile River and farming Flooded every year Created new fertile soil, each year Farmers dug channels and canals to irrigate land Years of low flood led to crops failing

7 Egyptian geography Three seasons of the Nile Flooding season is between/in June - Sept. Planting season is between/in October harvest season is between/in March Nile River surrounded by the Libyan desert, Arabian desert, and Nubian desert Longest river in the world (4,100 miles long)

8 Egyptian geography Desert, banks, and rivers covers 90% land Egyptians lived on banks Red land Fertility has to make a civilization Nile river was fertile

9 Egyptian geography On the banks of the Nile Desert = Red land. covers more than 90% of Egypt Egyptians lived beside the Nile river. area near Nile R. was kemet = black land. Farmers grew crops on the dark silt. Without this fertility = no civilization in Egypt When the Nile river flooded it would water the crops that the farmers planted

10 Egyptian geography Because of the Nile rivers rich soil it made, Wheat Barley Legumes Lettuce Onions Leeks Dills Grapes Melons gourds

11 Egyptian geography Egyptian geography Egypt is commonly warm or hot/night Winter is cold Nile crops Chief crops were barley, wheat Chief crops were used for making beer, and bread Beans, lentils grown alongside leeks, onions cabbages, radished, lettuces, cucumbers Juicy melons, dates, figs grown in desert oases. Grapes grown in vinyards

12 Egyptian Jobs Hunting Bulls, Gazelles, Oryx, Antelopes, Lions Used spears, and Bow & Arrows Fishing Time of Pharaohs Fishing & Farming produced A lot of food

13 Work of the people Farm laborers worked in wealthy men's property Received very little for pay Most of the workers in the Nile valley were farm laborers Pay Barley and grain They did not use money, they used a barter system

14 Warfare Bow & Arrow Shot up to 890ft(260 meters) Other Weapons Mostly made out of gold Sword, shield, daggers Chariots Lighter and faster and smooth on rough ground More fighting capabilities

15 Carpentry Well paid Wood Dark used for statues, Harps, furniture Roofing beams need date palm or the doom palm

16 FUN FACTS!!!!! King Amenhotep killed 100 lions Egypt invented the sand clock Egypt was the first to make false teeth

17 Egyptian Jobs Mummifies Mummifies Job was to rap a dead body in a huge towel. They did this because they thought when their body dies there soul moves on. To make these Mummies they put salt on their body's to preserve them.

18 Egyptian jobs Pyramid builders The pyramids were maid out of stone. They built them for 2000 years.. They started a pyramaid by making ramps of sand and made the next smaller and tell they got to the top

19 Egyptian Government The Pharaoh Was king of Egypt. High priest of all Overlord of all citizens Thought to be chosen by the gods Had four crowns to wear Had as much as 900 children

20 Egyptian Government Scribes & writing Scribes helped rule Egypt Collected taxes Wrote laws Did no labor, but recorded who did Painting scribes painted less important people small Scribe called the viser was second only to the pharaoh

21 Egyptian Government Armed forces All of the pharaoh s sons were in it Soldiers trained as early as age 10! Preferred to attack from chariots with bows and arrows

22 Egyptian Government Transportation First rafts made of paper or papyrus reeds, could be at least 120 feet long Used poles to propel rafts through water, and sails to go against currents Boats put in pharaoh s tomb to help him get to the afterlife Built roads for chariots

23 Family and Society in Egypt Social Classes High Government officials Priests Medium Scribes Artisans Low Peasants They were born into the social classes Rarely moved up classes

24 Family And Society in Egypt Population Nile 1-4 million people Others lived in deltas, oases, and deserts

25 Family and society in Egypt Dress Cotton Silk White, red, blue, and yellow linen Bare footed or sandals Men and women wore Makeup in style of winged eye High class men and women wore jewelry and black wigs for fancy occasions Perfume was very popular Men Skirts over short under kilt Women Short or long robes Slaves Wore little or nothing

26 Family and Society in Egypt Family Was cherished Men Head of the house Women Managed estates Entertained guests Took care of children

27 Family and Society in Egypt Women rights Fairly free As high as there position One of the kings wife would be the queen Could own property Were not controlled by fathers

28 Family and Society in Egypt War and Peace Tlatti nation was a big threat Tried to defeat Egypt King of Syria defeated the Tlattis

29 Family and Society in Egypt Housing How to make Brick made from mud Add straw for poor pebbles for rich to make bricks stronger Pour mud in to wooden frame Let the mud dry When the frame is built plaster the inside and out Rich houses Cool in hot weather Small windows Very large Painted on the inside Giant parties Poor houses Simple paintings on inside Small Cool in hot weather

30 Family and Society in Egypt People Peasant Mainly farmers Peasant made luxury items for kings Lowest on social class Peasants were beaten if they didn t produce enough crops Servant With peasant on the social class They did mainly household chores Often beaten Priest Women could be priestesses Pharaohs choose priests/priestesses Pharaohs were high priests.

31 Egyptian Culture Could own and manage property Few were taught to read and write Served in temples Part time priestesses

32 Egyptian Culture Royal women Usually priestesses Played roles of goddesses in royal rituals Mother of king Important person Act as regents Wife of king Could also be in power over land

33 Egyptian Culture Family wives Running a household or raising a family Men allowed to have more than 1 wife at a time (very few did) Men did not order their wives around Many woman died at childbirth

34 Egyptian Culture Signs and symbols Writing Hieroglyphics Inscriptions on monuments To celebrate famous people and events Monuments on walls

35 Egyptian Culture Pyramids Limestone cone King chamber Has steps Small pyramids were for burials

36 Egyptian Culture Architecture Furniture Only wealthy Egyptians could furnish their houses The pharaohs were the only ones who had furniture made out of ebony or cedar wood Carpenters used many tools Drill bit and bow to spin Bradawl (marks and starts) Chisel ADZE (planning) Buildings Egyptians made buildings out of Stone -so It would last Mud bricks -by using grit and straw -sun would harden it

37 Egyptian Culture Song and dance Five stringed harp with head of king in front

38 Egyptian Culture Looking beautiful Both men and women wore cosmetics Both men and woman wore green eye shadow made from malachite Both men and women wore black eyeliner made from galena Lipstick and made from red ocher tattoos