Resource Water Quality Objectives in the Department of Water Affairs Republic of South Africa

Transcription

1 The Mapping of Resource Water Quality Objectives in the Department of Water Affairs Republic of South Africa AUTHOR and PRESENTER Mrs Helena N Fourie, Pr GISc (SA) CO-AUTHORS Mr Pieter Viljoen, Mr Geert Grobler, Mr Jurgo Van Wyk, Ms Lebo Mosoa and Ms Jacqueline Jay Chief Directorate: Water Resource Information Management Directorate: Spatial & Land Information Management Sub-directorate: Geographic Information & Archiving FourieH@dwa.gov.za Chief Directorate: Integrated Water Resource Planning Directorate: Water Resource Planning Systems Sub-directorate: Water Quality Planning JayJ@dwa.gov.za 1

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3 ACID MINE DRAINAGE (AMD)

4 Republic of South Africa 4

5 Republic of South Africa African Context ZAMBEZI: x10 water: Orange x2+ total surface runoff SA 5

6 Republic of South Africa Water Balance Katse Reservoir Total capacity : million m3 6

7 Water Resources in South Africa Land of contrasts Floods Agriculture Vaal River: January / February 2010 Groundwater Drought Urbanisation Pollution 7

8 Legal Mandate: Dept. Water Affairs Bill of Rights: SA Constitution [Act 108 of 1996] Equal Access to sufficient food and water Sustainable development/use of water to benefit ALL National Water Act (NWA) [Act 36 of 1998] Scarce, uneven Distribution Belongs to all Equity: Access to Drinking Water Riparian & Discriminatory XX - Equal Access, Redress Govt. is the Custodian Water Resource Management Delegated: Catchment/Regional stakeholder participation Quantity, quality, reliability sustainable, use to benefit ALL Internationally shared rivers mutual co-operation - allocations downstream countries respected Reserve Basic Human Needs; Protect Aquatic ecosystems all other water uses -subject to authorisation 8

9 Resource Directed Water Quality Management Business Process and RWQOs RDM RWQOs SDC License Regulations 9

10 Resource Directed Water Quality Management Assess Catchment Catchment Visioning Landcover Users & Uses Eco Regions Catchment Vision 10

11 Resource Directed Water Quality Management Classify Resources Ecological Reserve Classes Management Classes Natural Moderately used/impacted Heavily used/impacted ROQ 1 X ROQ 2 Management Class II X Catchment Vision Management Class I WATER USERS: Aquatic Ecosystem Agriculture Domestic Industry/Mining Recreation U T A I Water User Categories U - unacceptable T - tolerable A - acceptable I - ideal 11

12 Concentration Resource Directed Water Quality Management Determine Reserve Determine RQOs RWQO RQO 1 X RWQO RWQO Management Class II RQO 2 X RWQO RWQO Management Class I RWQO RWQO Total Allocatable WQ Allocated WQ Development Natural Background Time (Months) Unacceptable Tolerable (SAWQG) Acceptable (SAWQG) Ideal (SAWQG) (Available) Allocatable Potential WQ Allocatable WQ Water Quality Component RWQO WQM Performance; Basis: stakeholder involvement; Can Indentify issues of concern; Benchmark: WQ forecasting; Can calculate allocatable WQ; Can determine stress. 12

13 Mapping RWQOs WQ Management Units & RWQO Sites WQ Monitoring Point Network Water Users Nutrient-loading Salt-loading Microbial pollution Sedimentation WQ Variables Nitrate Ammonia Phosphate Sulphate Chloride EC TDS F. & E. Coli SAR Sodium 13

14 Mapping RWQOs Define RWQOs & Compliance L2-VS19 - Schoonspruit 8 PO 4 -P (mg/l) 6 4 (3.25) Years 14

15 RWQO Maps COMPLIANCE TREND South Africa: Surface WQ Compliance to Generic RWQOs 15

16 COMPLIANCE TREND RWQO Maps 16

17 COMPLIANCE RWQO Maps TREND WMA 3: Surface WQ Compliance to Preliminary RWQOs WMA 3: Jan 2004 Dec 2008 (5yrs) WMA 3: Jun 2008 Jun 2011 (3yrs) 17

18 STATUS RWQO Maps WMA4: Water Quality Status 18

19 Corporate GIS Departmental Corporate GIS & Spatial Database Spatial Datasets (Examples) WMAs and Drainage Regions (Catchments) : Primary to Quaternary Monitoring Points, Flow gauging stations Water Resources - Rivers, dams, aquifers, boreholes (DWA/NGI) Core datasets - Administrative boundaries, Cities/Towns (DWA/NGI) Other Land cover (CSIR, NGI); Geology, mines (Council for Geoscience) Wetlands (SANBI) Imagery Satellite Images (SPOT5, Landsat) Aerial Photography (NGI, DWA) Image Mosaics Topographical Map Backdrops (NGI) Cartographic services Standard products Hydrogeological Map Series RSA WMAS, Dams, Drainage Regions, Reserve Determination, RWQO Compliancy and WQ status Decision-support & on demand for DWA managers 19

20 GIS: RWQO support Catchment Assessment Climate Temperature, rainfall, evaporation, runoff Land cover, land use, ecological regions Water resources - rivers, dams, wetlands, acquifers, boreholes Water use sectors ecological, domestic, industrial, agriculture, recreation Classification Resource Ecological Class A to F Water user categories I A T U Resource management class- Natural, Mod. used, Heavily used Reserve Determination (RDM) Ecological needs Basic Human needs Reserve determination status Surface and Groundwater RQOs and RWQOs (WQP) WQ management units Monitoring points RWQO sites Water users and key WQ variables RWQO compliancy WQ trend Water use licensing (SDC) Water use licensing Applications, Regulation Registered users Identifying Illegal water use ( irrigation pivots) Pollution monitoring and remediation Incidents and Case studies waste discharges acid mine drainage 20

21 GIS Monitoring Water Use Area Calculations 21

22 GIS 22

23 GIS Water Users: Point source pollution 23

24 Challenges GIS Silos Decentralisation of scarce skills, unskilled use of, outsourcing of GIS Spatial data and database duplication Limited access to specialist datasets Non-compliance to GIS and cartographic standards Data integration and interoperability challenges DWA Corporate Spatial Database Lack of metadata for data captured ( Silos /consultants) Custodianship, maintenance and sharing of specialist datasets Bandwidth - intranet-accessed server data (especially regional offices) Lack of skilled resources reliance on Professional Service Providers Remote Sensing Potential not fully exploited Lack of expertise Cartography Everyone makes maps Art of Cartography underestimated 24

25 National Integrated Water Information System (NIWIS) WRQOs play important role achieving RQOs grass roots level Strategic adaptive management (SAM) Water - Some for all for ever The Future Conclusion GIS: Seeing the whole picture in a spatial context Improved decision support Getting it right Firm legal grounding Public support and stakeholder participation RWQOS Balance water protection and Use Responsibility and action Water is life, respect it, conserve it, and enjoy it! 25

26 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Geospatial Media and Communications Pvt Ltd Sponsorship to present paper Department of Rural Development & Land Reform: National Geospatial Information Spatial Data for base maps Department of Water Affairs SLIM: Geographic Information and Archiving Corporate Spatial Database & Cartographic Services NWRPS: Water Quality Planning RWQO & Water Quality Maps Co-authoring of paper for presentation Resource Directed Measures (RDM) Classification and Reserve Determinations 26

27 Thank You Questions? 27