Chemical Naming. C 2 O 4 ZnC 2 O 4 Nickel (II) nitrate Ni NO 3 Ni(NO 3 ) 2 Iron (II) sulfate Fe SO 4 FeSO 4 Iron (III) sulfate Fe +3-2

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1 Chemical Naming Chemical Naming: Chemical nomenclature is a set of rules to generate systematic names for chemical compounds. The nomenclature rules used most frequently worldwide are these created and developed by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). For our purposes, we will simply say it is a system of naming chemical compounds. There are two primary forms of compounds that will require naming in the world of chemistry. There are organic compounds, compounds that contain the element carbon, and there are inorganic compounds, all remaining compounds that do not include the element carbon. In this course we are going to focus our attention on naming the inorganic compounds, and writing the formulas of these compounds. You should have already memorized the twenty five common polyatomic ions that are listed on the back of your periodic table. If you haven t memorized these yet, it is of utmost importance to accomplish this task as soon as possible. This is because these polyatomic ions play a significant role in naming compounds and writing formulas. The following are some examples of naming compounds and writing formulas. Chemical Name: Ions present: Formula: Sodium chloride Na +1 Cl -1 NaCl Magnesium nitride Mg +2 N -3 Mg 3 N 2 Zinc oxalate Zn +2-2 C 2 O 4 ZnC 2 O 4 Nickel (II) nitrate Ni +2-1 NO 3 Ni(NO 3 ) 2 Iron (II) sulfate Fe +2-2 SO 4 FeSO 4 Iron (III) sulfate Fe +3-2 SO 4 Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 Lead (IV) carbonate Pb +4-2 CO 3 Pb(CO 3 ) 2 Ammonium phosphite NH PO 3 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 3 All the videos will be posted on YouTube and can be accessed using multiple sources. The videos have been formatted to work on iphones, ipads, Android phones, Kindles, and Nooks. The titles of the videos are listed below so that you can search them, and the creator of the videos should be NRHSChemistry. Lesson Target(s) for Each Video: Video 1 Naming Overview I can classify a chemical compound as either a molecular or ionic compound. I can compare ionic and molecular compounds. Video 2 Binary Compounds I can identify and name a binary compound. Video 3 Naming Ionic Compounds I can determine the chemical name of an ionic compound. Video 4 Writing Ionic Formulas I can produce a correct ionic chemical formula. I can distinguish between metals and their multiple oxidation numbers. Video 5 Naming Molecular Compounds I can differentiate between binary compounds and other types of compounds I can determine the chemical name of a molecular compound. Video 6 Writing Molecular Formulas I can produce a correct molecular chemical formula. Video 7 Writing and Naming Acids I can develop names and formulas of acids. I can recognize compounds that are acids. Essential Learning Outcomes: 1. The classification and nomenclature of compounds are based upon which elements and the number of these elements that a compound contains. 2. Chemical formulas will give clues to the type of chemical reaction that will occur and the ways a chemical will react.

2 Required activities: Due dates are in parentheses Chemical Naming P.S. 1-7 (11/21) o Video 1 Naming Overview (11/14) o Video 2 Binary Compounds (11/14) Chemical Naming P.S (11/28) o Video 3 Naming Ionic Cmpds (11/15) o Video 4 Writing Ionic Formulas (11/21) Chemical Naming P.S (12/1) o Video 5 Naming Molecular Cmpds (11/22) o Video 6 Writing Molecular Cmpds (11/28) Chemical Naming P.S (12/5) o Video 7 Writing & Naming Acids (11/29) Sheet of 40 and 100 (12/8) Programmed Learning Packet (12/9) Nomenclature and Household Items (12/7) o Data and Questions (12/12) Chemistry NAME-O (Played as a class) (12/12) Naming Quiz (12/6) Chemical Naming Unit Quest (12/13) Cation Anion Monoatomic ion Acid Law of Definite Proportions Important Vocabulary Polyatomic ion Molecular compound Binary compound Base Ionic compound Additional Resources: iphone and ipad Apps: 1. Chemistry Formula Practice by Carolina Biological Supply a. There is a FREE version but the better version is $ Chemistry Formulas by 99MediaLab LLC $0.99

3 Chemistry Name: Problems and Questions Chemical Naming Hour: Directions: Answer the following questions using complete sentences when necessary. On numerical problems, show all work, circle your answers, and follow all rules of significant figures for full credit. 1. Classify each of the following elements as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid. Use complete sentences. a) Aluminum b) Silver c) Silicon d) Helium e) Zinc 2. What is an ion? Describe the formation of a cation and of an anion. 3. State the number of electrons either lost or gained in forming each ion. (ex: Sc +3 has lost three electrons.) a) S -2 b) K + c) Cl - d) Ba +2 e) Li + f) H - 4. Name each of the ions in #3 and state whether they are cations or anions. 5. Using only the periodic table, name and write the formulas of the ions of these representative elements. a) Lithium b) Oxygen c) Barium d) Nitrogen e) Fluorine f) Potassium g) Neon h) Beryllium 6. Would you expect the following compounds to be ionic or molecular? a) CO b) KBr c) Li 2O d) C 3H 8 e) SO 3 f) AlCl 3 7. How are one of Dalton's theories and the law of definite proportions similar? 8. List three characteristics of ionic compounds and three characteristics of molecular compounds. 9. Name the following ions. a) NO 3-1 b) H + c) CN - d) Cr +3 e) Cr 2O 7-2 f) HPO 4-2 g) Sn +4 h) MnO 4 - i) SO 3-2 j) Se Write the formula and charge of each of the following ions. a) Magnesium ion b) Lead (IV) ion c) Chromate ion d) Tin (II) ion e) Nitrite ion f) Iodide ion g) Chlorate ion h) Hydroxide ion i) Iron (II) ion j) Ammonium ion k) Copper (I) ion 11. Write the formulas for the compounds formed from these pairs of ions. a) Sr +2, Se -2 b) K +, O -2 c) Ca +2, N -3 d) Co +3, I Write the formulas for these compounds. a) Silver sulfide b) Tin (IV) chloride c) Sodium nitride d) Strontium iodide e) Silver sulfate f) Potassium chlorate g) Mercury (II) bromide h) Ammonium dichromate i) Lithium hydrogen sulfate j) Chromium (III) nitrite

4 13. Rewrite this table in your notebook and write the correct formulas for the compounds formed by combining positive and negative ions. Then name each compound. SO 4-2 OH - PO 4-3 S -2 Ca +2 NH + 4 Al +3 Pb Name each of the following substances. a) CaO b) Ba 3(PO 4) 2 c) I 2 d) BaSO 4 e) Mg(OH) 2 f) NO 2 g) CuC 2H 3O 2 h) HClO 4 i) Cl 2O j) HgF 2 k) (NH 4) 2C 2O 4 l) NO Write the formulas of these compounds. a) Calcium carbonate b) Sodium bromide c) Iron (III) sulfate d) Magnesium sulfide e) Sulfuric acid f) Sulfur trioxide g) Nitrogen gas h) Barium hydroxide i) Sulfite ion j) Copper (II) iodide k) Zinc oxalate l) Manganese (IV) oxide 16. Name each compound. a) NH 4OH b) HF c) PI 3 d) Be(NO 3) 2 e) KMnO 4 f) CO g) K 2CO 3 h) N 2H 4 i) ZnO j) Mg(MnO 4) 2 k) Li 2HPO 4 l)li 2CO Write the formulas of these compounds a) Silver chloride b) Aluminum carbide c) Lithium hydride d) Sodium acetate e) Iron (III) carbonate f) Copper (II) chlorate g) Sodium silicate h) Calcium oxide i) Potassium cyanide j) Tin (II) cyanide k) Hydrogen bromide l) Potassium phosphide 18. Name these compounds. a) Na 2Cr 2O 7 b) AlI 3 c) SnO 2 d) Fe(C 2H 3O 2) 3 e) KHSO 4 f) Co(NO 2) 3 g) CaH 2 h) HClO 3 i) HgBr 2 j) AlP k) FeCO 3 l) H 2CrO Write the formulas of these compounds. a) Phosphorus pentabromide g) Ammonium nitrate b) Carbon tetrachloride h) Dichlorine heptoxide c) Potassium permanganate i) Trisilicon tetranitride d) Ammonium perchlorate j) Sodium silicate e) Calcium hydrogen carbonate f) Copper (II) hydroxide 20. Write the formulas or names of the following acids. a) Sulfuric acid e) H 2CO 3 i) HNO 3 b) HCl f) Nitrous acid j) Phosphorous acid c) H 3PO 4 g) H 2SO 3 d) Hydrofluoric acid h) Hydrosulfuric acid

5 CHEMISTRY NAME-O N A M E O FREE CHEMICALS Use the following names to fill in your NAME-O Card: Copper (II) chloride Sodium chloride Carbon tetrachloride Silver nitrate Potassium permanganate Carbon monoxide Iron (III) phosphate Mercury (II) chromate Diphosphorous pentaoxide Lead (II) iodide Magnesium chloride Sulfur hexafluoride Iron (II) oxide Calcium hydroxide Dinitrogen trioxide Sodium silicate Iron (III) sulfide Tetraphosphorous decaoxide Ammonium hydroxide Zinc acetate Tricarbon hexahydride Manganese (II) phosphite Calcium carbonate Sulfur trioxide Aluminum oxalate Lead (IV) hydrogen sulfate Oxygen dichloride Potassium chlorate Cobalt (III) nitride Carbon dioxide Magnesium bromide Tin (II) nitrate Iodine monochloride Copper (I) dichromate Sodium perchlorate Carbon disulfide Manganese (III) hydrogen phosphate Aluminum oxide Nitrogen tribromide Tin (IV) cyanide Lead (II) sulfate Sulfur triiodide Cobalt (II) selenide Ammonium phosphate Selenium dichloride

6 CHEMISTRY NAME-O N A M E O FREE CHEMICALS Use the following formulas to fill in your NAME-O Card: SeCl 2 CuCl 2 Mn 3 (PO 3 ) 2 SI 3 NaCl Al 2 (C 2 O 4 ) 3 NBr 3 AgNO 3 Pb(HSO 4 ) 4 CS 2 FePO 4 KClO 3 ICl KMnO 4 CoN 3 CO 2 HgCrO 4 MgBr 2 OCl 2 PbI 2 Sn(NO 3 ) 2 SO 3 MgCl 2 NaClO 4 C 3 H 6 Ca(OH) 2 Cu 2 Cr 2 O 4 P 4 O 10 FeO Mn 2 (HPO 4 ) 3 N 2 O 3 Na 2 SiO 3 Al 2 O 3 SF 6 Fe 2 S 3 Sn(CN) 4 P 2 O 5 NH 4 OH PbSO 4 CO ZnC 2 H 3 O 2 (NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 CCl 4 CaCO 3 CoSe

7 Nomenclature and Household Items Background: Many household items contain chemicals that are commonly used in everyday life. Some chemicals are edible while others would be poisonous to consume. Many non-edible household chemicals are used as cleaners. Soaps, detergents, drain-openers, countertop sprays, oven sprays, furniture polish, air fresheners and floor cleaners are examples of chemical substances that are commonly used inside the home. Other chemicals are edible and can be used for cooking or in medication. Baking soda, sugar, salt, and baking powder are all edible substances commonly used in cooking. Antacids, aspirin, and vitamin C are edible substances that are used as medicines. Household items can be classified as acids (ph<7), bases (ph>7), or neutral (ph=7). Soaps, detergents, drain-openers, antacids, and ammonia can be classified as bases. Antacids contain carbonates, bicarbonates, and hydroxides to neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid), Vitamin C (ascorbic acid), and vinegar (solution of acetic acid) can be classified as acidic. Product containers list valuable information such as ingredients, warnings, customer service numbers, and expiration dates. The chemical name listed first on the ingredient list is the main component of that substance. The warning label will vary with the chemical hazard of the main ingredient. In this lab many household items will be viewed to obtain the chemical name. The chemical name will then be used to write the formula of the compound. Procedure: 1. Visit each of the twelve lab stations and copy down the name of the substance. 2. While at the lab stations, decide the main use for the substance (cooking, cleaning, or medicine) and record this in the usage column. 3. Look on the ingredient list to find the main component on the substance. Write the name of the main component in the appropriate column of the data table. 4. Looking at the name of the main ingredient/component, write the formula of the substance. 5. Look to see if the substance has a warning or hazard listed. Write Yes if the substance has a hazard or a warning. Write No if the substance does not list a hazard or warning. Analysis: 1. Identify how many items you have in each usage category. Explain why you grouped particular items with each other and not in a different group. 2. On what types of products did most of the warning/hazard labels appear? Explain why products that serve a similar purpose might have similar warnings. 3. Make a general statement explaining a consistent pattern for each type of chemical (cooking, cleaning, and medicine). Make a statement for all three types of products. Ex: All cleaning products.. All cooking products 4. Create a fourth category you could have used to classify the products. What would that category have been called? Which products would you have put into this new category? Why move these products to the new category. 5. What smell do you associate with a swimming pool? Is this smell also present in any of the products you looked at? Hypothesize why swimming pools do not contain warning labels regarding the chemicals being used and support your answer.

8 Data Table: Substance Usage Name of main component Formula of main component Hazard Warning or

9 Program Learning: Writing and Naming Chemical Formulas There are a few inorganic compounds which are identified by their common or trivial names. The most common of these are H 2 0, named water, and NH 3, named ammonia. All other inorganic compounds are named according to the systematic rules of nomenclature. Two or more systems may be used in naming a compound. Generally, no one system is used exclusively, and it is necessary to become familiar with the systems in common use. This program involves the nomenclature of compounds containing two different elements. Such compounds are called binary compounds. The general rule for naming binary compounds is that the less electronegative (more electropositive or more metallic) element is named first, followed by the name of the more electronegative (more nonmetallic) element, with the name of the latter having its normal ending replaced by the suffix ide. KBr is classed as a (1) compound because it contains (2) different elements. In this compound, the name of the metallic element is (3) and the name of the nonmetallic element is (4). In naming this compound, the name of the (5) element is written first. The normal ending of the name of the nonmetallic element is removed, forming a stem, and to this stem is added the suffix (6). Following this procedure, the name of the compound KBr is written as (7). In forming a stem, the last syllable in the name of the element is generally dropped. The stem never ends in a vowel. Thus, the stem for chlorine is chlor. The stem for iodine is (8). The stem for arsenic is (9), for selenium (10), for carbon (11). Should the stem end in a vowel or a vowel sound, the vowel is also dropped to make the stem. In making a stem from nitrogen, dropping the last syllable gives nitro. Since o is a vowel, it also is dropped, giving nitr. A binary compound in which nitrogen is the more electronegative element is called a nitride. The stem for oxygen is (12) since oxy ends in a vowel sound. The stem for phosphorus is (13). There are exceptions to these rules. Consider the compound MgI 2. The name of the metallic element is (14) and the name of the nonmetallic element is (15). The (16) element is named first. A stem is formed from the name of the (17) element and to this stem is added the suffix (18). Following this procedure, the name of the compound MgI 2 is written as (19).

10 To write the correct chemical name of the compound NH 3, commonly known as (20), it is necessary to know that nitrogen is more electronegative (nonmetallic) than hydrogen. The element (21) is named first, and a stem is formed from the name of the element (22). Thus, the correct chemical name for NH 3 is (23). Usually, formulas of compounds are written with the symbol of the more metallic element listed first. Write the names of the following compounds, assuming that the more metallic element is listed first. H 2 0 (24) AlF 3 (25) Ca 2 C (26) K 2 S (27) Mg 3 N 2 (28) Ca 3 P 2 (29) BaH 2 (30) HCl (31) The binary and hydrogen-containing compounds of Group VII A elements and Group VI A elements other than oxygen produce acids when dissolved in water. Such acids are named by adding the prefix hydro- and the suffix ic to the stem of the name of the nonmetal. This word is then followed by the word acid to complete the name of the substance. Consider the name of the acid which results when the gas hydrogen chloride, HCl, is dissolved in water. The stem of the nonmetallic element is (32). Adding to this stem the prefix (33) and the suffix (34) gives the word (35). Thus, a water solution of HCl is named (36) acid. A water solution of HF is named (37). A water solution of HBr is named (38). (In naming sulfur compounds, the suffixes ic and ous are added to the word sulfur rather than to the stem sulf.)

11 There are several polyatomic ions which are treated as single atoms when naming compounds. The names and formulas of the most common of these ions are: NH ammonium ion OH- - hydroxide ion CN- - cyanide ion (Note the difference between NH 3, ammonia, which is a neutral molecule, and NH + 4, the ammonium ion, which carries a charge of +1.) Compounds containing the above ions are named according to the general rule for naming binary compounds. Thus, the name for NaOH is sodium hydroxide. The name for NH 4 Cl is (39). The name for KCN is (40). The name for NH 4 OH is (41). The same elements can sometimes combine to form more than one compound. For example, the elements sulfur and oxygen can combine to form the compounds SO 2 and SO 3. Since SO 2 and SO 3 are two distinct compounds, both cannot be named sulfur oxide. Several methods may be used to distinguish between such compounds. For binary compounds of nonmetals, the general rule is modified to include prefixes with the names of the elements. The prefix mono- means one, but is generally not used. The other prefixes up to 10 are di-, two; tri-, three; tetra-, four; penta-, five; hexa-, six; hepta-, seven; octa-, eight; ennea- or nona-, nine; and deca-, ten. Thus N 2 O 5 is named dinitrogen pentoxide, NO 2 is named nitrogen dioxide, and N 2 O 4 is named dinitrogen tetroxide. For P 4 O 10, the prefix (42) is used with phosphorus and the prefix (43) is used with oxide to give the name (44). When a prefix ending in a is added to a word beginning with o or a, the a in the prefix is dropped. Name the following compounds according to the above rule. SF 4 (45) SF 6 (46) SO 2 (47) SO 3 (48) N 2 O 3 (49) N 2 O (50) P 4 O 6 (51) P 4 S 10 (52)

12 Write formulas for the following compounds. Phosphorus trichloride (53) Phosphorus pentachloride (54) Dichlorine heptoxide (55) Chlorine dioxide (56) The preferred system for naming compounds of metals with variable oxidation states is the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) system, often known as the Stock system. According to this system, the oxidation state of the metal is indicated by writing it in Roman numerals enclosed in parentheses after the name of the metal. For binary compounds, the suffix ide is added to the stem of the name of the nonmetal as before. Consider the compounds SnO and SnO 2. Since the usual oxidation number of oxygen in compounds is 2, the oxidation numbers of Sn in SnO and SnO 2 are +2 and +4 respectively. Thus, the compound SnO is named tin(ii) oxide. In compounds of metals with chlorine, the oxidation number of chlorine is 1. Thus, in the compounds FeCl 2 and FeCl 3 the oxidation numbers of Fe are +2 and +3, respectively. According to the IUPAC system, FeCl 2 is named iron (II) chloride and FeCl 3 is named (57). Name the following compounds according to the IUPAC system. HgS Hg 2 S Sn(OH) 2 Sn(OH) 4 MnO Mn 2 O 3 MnO 2 CuCN Cu(CN) 2 Fe 2 O 3 FeO FeF 2 PbO 2 PbO (58) (59) (60) (61) (62) (63) (64) (65) (66) (67) (68) (69) (70) (71)

13 Formula Writing Practice WRITE THE CORRECT FORMULA FOR THE FOLLOWING COMPOUNDS: 1. Iron (I) carbonate 51. Calcium sulfate 2. Lead (IV) phosphate 52. Calcium sulfite 3. Phosphorus pentoxide 53. Ammonium nitrite 4. Zinc sulfide 54. Sodium hydroxide 5. Sodium phosphate 55. Zinc chloride 6. Magnesium carbonate 56. Zinc nitrate 7. Ammonium nitrite 57. Zinc hydroxide 8. Iron (III) nitrate 58. Zinc hydrogen sulfite 9. Copper (II) hydroxide 59. Aluminum hydroxide 10. Calcium fluoride 60. Aluminum oxide 11. Bismuth (III) nitrate 61. Copper (III) permanganate 12. Iron (III) oxide 62. Sodium sulfite 13. Ammonium sulfite 63. Chromium (III) sulfide 14. Calcium chloride 64. Ammonium acetate 15. Sodium nitrate 65. Ammonium bromide 16. Copper (II) bromide 66. Barium chloride 17. Aluminum sulfate 67. Calcium bromide 18. Potassium Nitrite 68. Calcium carbonate 19. Zinc Sulfate 69. Copper (III) chloride 20. Antimony (III) chloride 70. Lead (II) acetate 21. Silver sulfide 71. Magnesium sulfate 22. Iron (II) cyanide 72. Iron (III) oxide 23. Ammonium phosphate 73. Iron (II) sulfate 24. Sulfur dioxide 74. Iron (II) hydroxide 25. Silver bromide 75. Iron (III) cyanide 26. Tin (II) chloride 76. Thallium (II) chlorate 27. Tungsten (VI) oxide 77. Magnesium perchlorate 28. Chromium (III) nitrate 78. Manganese (II) nitrate 29. Magnesium hydroxide 79. Lead (IV) dichromate 30. Lead (II) carbonate 80. Mercury (II) sulfate 31. Mercury (II) nitrate 81. Sodium phosphate 32. Mercury (I) silicate 82. Sodium dichromate 33. Nickel (II) sulfate 83. Sodium acetate 34. Potassium chlorate 84. Iron (III) chloride 35. Magnesium nitride 85. Barium hydrogen carbonate 36. Sodium sulfite 86. Iron (III) hydroxide 37. Iron (III) chloride 87. Sodium silicate 38. Manganese (IV) oxide 88. Potassium carbonate 39. Platinum (IV) chlorite 89. Potassium nitrite 40. Ammonium nitrate 90. Potassium sulfate 41. Nickel (II) carbonate 91. Potassium oxalate 42. Cobalt (II) chloride 92. Silver nitrate 43. Barium carbonate 93. Silver acetate 44. Radium bromide 94. Mercury (II) chloride 45. Carbon dioxide 95. Calcium hydrogen phosphate 46. Barium sulfate 96. Lead (II) chromate 47. Potassium permanganate 97. Sodium oxalate 48. Potassium hydroxide 98. Mercury (II) oxide 49. Calcium hydroxide 99. Mercury (I) chloride 50. Carbon tetrachloride 100. Sodium sulfide

14 Compound Names GIVE THE CORRECT NAMES FOR THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL FORMULAS: 1. KI 21. NH 4 Cl 2. CaF SnI 4 3. Ba(ClO 4 ) ZnO 4. ZnSO CuCN 5. AgNO Fe(OH) 3 6. HF 26 PbCO 3 7. MgO 27. Li 2 SO 3 8. CaCO BaCr 2 O 7 9. Mn 3 (PO 3 ) NaC 2 H 3 O AsCl Mg 3 (PO 4 ) HgCl Na 2 O 12. PtCl 32. CCl Rb 2 S 33. K 2 S 14. Al(NO 2 ) Ni(NO 2 ) K 2 S 35. Mn 2 (Cr 2 O 7 ) Fe 2 O CaSO HI 37. K 2 C 2 O SnCl Ca 2 C 19. SO CO 20. AlN 40. KCN