Regionalization of the Freshwater Eco-regions in the Haihe River Basin of China

Transcription

1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Vol 34 No 2 Feb 2013 * X522 A Regionalization of the Freshwater Eco-regions in the Haihe River Basin of China SUN Ran-hao JI Yu-he SHANG Lin-yuan ZHANG Hai-ping CHEN Li-ding State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Abstract There is a growing concern about the ecological conditions in the Haihe River which have been profoundly impacted by the growing human population and intensifying development over the past several decades By identifying the spatial characteristics of terrestrial and fluvial landscapes we propose the guidelines and criterions for regionalizing the freshwater ecosystems in the Haihe River basin The first-level and second-level zones reflect the spatial patterns of the natural backgrounds which could impact the surface water quantity and quality The 6 first-level zones are regionalized according to topographic characteristics runoff depth annual precipitation and evaporation They represent the spatial pattern of water resource quantity The 16 second-level zones are regionalized according to the vegetation and soil types overlaid by the first-level zones They represent the spatial patterns of eco-hydrological processes and water purifying functions of terrestrial landscapes Finally the eco-regions are evaluated by the field survey data including water quality aquatic vegetation and zoobenthos communities This study could potentially be used to guide the decision-making process for the management of water resources and local ecological projects in the Haihe River basin The methods formulated in this research can possibly provide important references for other watersheds in China Key words freshwater ecosystem ecological functions functional regionalization water quality water resource Haihe River 7 ~ ~ 4 13 ~ ~ ZX SKLURE ~ rhsun@ rcees ac cn * liding@ rcees ac cn

2 km 2 > 1 3 3% 10% 11% 13% GDP 12% 8 1 3% 13% 98% 70% km km Fig 1 1 Location of the Haihe River in China % 112 ~ 120 E 35 ~ 43 N m d % 40% 371 km km 2 11% 3

3 ~ t t ~ 72% 33 Ⅱ 49 76% Ⅲ ~ / 2001 ~ DEM 2 90 m DEM ~ km ~ 2000 CoKriging Table 1 1 Index system of the freshwater eco-regions in the Haihe River basin 2 > 500 m > 30 / 4 < ~ ~ 1 8 > < 50 mm 50 ~ 100 mm 100 ~ 200 mm > 200 mm 4 7

4 TM Fig 2 Sampling sites in the Haihe River 1 W = 100 f + a + b /3 W 2 f a 3 b Simpson D = 1 - Σ s 2 n ( i ) i = 1 N n i i N ~ ~ 6 8 ~

5 2 513 Fig 3 3 Map of the first-level freshwater eco-regions in the Haihe River basin Table COD Characteristics of the terrestrial ecosystem in the first-level zones of the Haihe River basin /m / /mm RCⅠ RCⅡ RCⅢ RCⅣ RCⅤ RCⅥ Table 3 3 Characteristics of the fluvial ecosystem in the first-level zones of the Haihe River basin RCⅠ RCⅡ RCⅢ RCⅣ RCⅤ RCⅥ 2

6 Fig 4 4 Map of the second-level freshwater eco-regions in the Haihe River basin Table 4 4 Characteristics of the terrestrial ecosystem in the second-level zones of the Haihe River basin RCⅠ 1 RCⅠ 2 RCⅠ 3 RCⅡ 1 RCⅡ 2 RCⅡ 3 RCⅢ 1 RCⅢ 2 RCⅢ 3 RCⅣ 1 RCⅣ 2 RCⅤ 1 RCⅤ 2 RCⅥ 1 RCⅥ 2 RCⅥ

7 2 515 Table 5 5 Characteristics of the fluvial ecosystem in the second-level zones of the Haihe River basin COD /mg L - 1 /mg L - 1 /mg L - 1 Simpson Simpson RCⅠ RCⅠ RCⅠ RCⅡ RCⅡ RCⅡ RCⅢ RCⅢ RCⅢ 3 RCⅣ RCⅣ RCⅤ RCⅤ RCⅥ RCⅥ RCⅥ 3 4 Technology J J Daily G C ecosystems M Washington DC Island Press J Ecological Applications Land Use Policy sub-basins J Morais P Review on the major ecosystem impacts caused by damming and watershed development in an Iberian basin SW- Europe focus on the Guadiana estuary J Journal of Limnology Saintilan N Overton I Ecosystem response modeling in the Murray-Darling Basin M Collingwood Csiro Publishing Miller B A Reidinger R B Comprehensive river basin development R Washington DC The World Bank Blackmore D J Murray-darling basin commission a case study in integrated catchment management J Water Science and Nature's services societal dependence on natural Wilson M A Carpenter S R Economic valuation of freshwater ecosystem services in the United States J 10 Zhao B Kreuter U Li B et al An ecosystem service value assessment of land-use change on Chongming Island China J 11 Alberti M Booth D Hill K et al The impact of urban patterns on aquatic ecosystems an empirical analysis in Puget lowland Landscape and Urban Planning Miller W Boulton A J Managing and rehabilitating ecosystem processes in regional urban streams in Australia J Hydrobiologia Omernik J M Bailey G B Distinguishing between watersheds and ecoregions J Journal of the American Water Resources Association J J J

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