PREPARATION OF CUBE-SHAPED CdS NANOPARTICLES BY SONOCHEMICAL METHOD
|
|
- Laura Taylor
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 International Journal of Nanoscience, Vol. 1, Nos. 5 & 6 (2002) 1 5 c World Scientific Publishing Company PREPARATION OF CUBE-SHAPED CdS NANOPARTICLES BY SONOCHEMICAL METHOD HUI WANG, YINONG LU, and JUNJIE ZHU, Laboratory of Mesoscopic Materials Science, Department of Chemistry College of Materials Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Technology, Nanjing, , P. R. China jjzhu@nju.edu.cn Received 26 November 2002 Revised 24 December 2002 Cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles have been successfully prepared by a sonochemical method in an oil-in-water microemulsion. The product was characterized by using techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. This microemulsion system in the presence of high-intensity ultrasound irradiation provides special conditions for the nucleation and growth of the CdS nanoparticles. Keywords: CdS; nanoparticles; sonochemistry; microemulsion; cube-shaped. There has been increasing interest in the preparation and characterization of chalcogenides due to their important physical and chemical properties. 1 Among the chalcogenides, CdS is one of the most attractive semiconducting materials owing to its special properties and wide application in various fields, especially in photoconducting cells. It is known that the chemical and physical properties of nanosized semiconductors depend on their size and morphology. Therefore, control over both size and morphology has become the focus of interest of many synthetic chemists and materials scientists. In the past few years, nanocrystalline CdS with various morphologies including spherical nanoballs, 2 nanorods or nanowires, 3 nanoribbons, 4 hollow spheres, 5 and peanut-like particles 6 have been successfully synthesized via several novel synthetic routes. However, up to now, designing new strategies for the fabrication of cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles still remains a great challenge. Currently, ultrasound irradiation offers a very attractive method for the preparation of nanosized materials and has shown very rapid growth in its application to materials science due to its unique reaction effects and its ability to induce the formation of novel materials with unusual properties. 7 It has been reported that exposing an aqueous solution containing cadmium salts and sodium thiosulfate will lead to the formation of spherical CdS nanoparticles. 8 Sonochemical preparations of spherical assemblies composed of CdS spherical particles in CS 2 - water-ethylenediamine (CWE) system 9 have also been recently reported. Herein, 1
2 2 H. Wang, Y. Lu & J. Zhu we design a new strategy to prepare cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles sonochemically in a microemulsion. To the best of our knowledge, the preparation of cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles has never been reported before. In a typical procedure, 5 ml sulfur-toluene solution (STS) was mixed with 95 ml aqueous solution containing mol cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ), 0.4 g sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 5 ml ethylenediamine. STS was prepared by stirring 1.0 g sulfur powder in 50 ml toluene at ca. 313 K till the sulfur powder was completely dissolved. Then the mixtures were exposed to ultrasound irradiation under ambient air for 30 minutes. Ultrasound irradiation was accomplished with a high-intensity ultrasound probe (Xinzhi Co., China; JY92-2D; 0.6 cm-diameter; Ti-horn, 20 khz, 60 W/cm 2 ) immersed directly in the reaction solution. The sonication was conducted without cooling so that a temperature of about 333 K was reached at the end of the reactions. When the reactions finished, a yellow precipitate occurred. The precipitate was separated by centrifugation, washed with distilled water, absolute ethanol and acetone in sequence, and dried in air at room temperature. The final products were characterized by using techniques including X-ray powder diffraction (XPRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. The XPRD analysis was performed by Shimadzu XD-3A X-ray diffractometer with graphite monochromatized Cu Ka radiation ( = nm). The HRTEM images were obtained by employing a JEOL-4000EX high-resolution transmission electron microscope with a 200 kv accelerating voltage. EDAX measurements were performed by employing the PV9100 instrument. Ruili UV-2400 photospectrometer was used to record the UV-Visible absorption spectrum of the as-prepared particles. The morphology and structure of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles were characterized by HRTEM. The HRTEM images (Figs. 1(A) 1(C)) reveal that the product is composed of cube-shaped nanoparticles with 3 6 nm in size. Though they are agglomerated, cubic morphology and hexagonal lattice fringes can be seen clearly. Figure 1(D) provides further insight into the structure of an individual CdS nanoparticle. It is obvious that this particle crystallizes in a hexagonal structure with cell constant a = b = 0.41 nm, as measured directly in Fig. 1(D). The spaces of lattice planes are close to those obtained from the bulk CdS crystals. The XPRD pattern of the product (Fig. 2) provides further evidence to its crystalline structure. All the diffraction peaks can be indexed to be a pure hexagonal phase for CdS. The intensities and positions of the peaks are in good agreement with the literature values. 10 The average size of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles is estimated to be 5 nm according to the Debye Scherrer formula. 11 The product is also characterized by EDAX measurements for evaluation of their composition and purity. The EDAX results reveal that the as-prepared CdS has high purity and the Cd:S ratio is calculated to be approximately 1:1. Figure 3 shows the UV-visible absorption spectrum of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles dispersed homogeneously in ethanol solution (the concentration is
3 Preparation of Cube-Shaped CdS Nanoparticles by Sonochemical Method 3 A B C D Fig. 1. HRTEM images of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles. 002 Intensity / a.u θ / degree Fig. 2. XPRD pattern of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles mg/ml). The maximum at about 475 nm is assigned to the optical transition of the first exited state. 3 The absorption edge of CdS is blue-shifted from the absorption edge of the bulk CdS (512 nm), indicating the presence of quantum size effects in this sample. The blue-shift of the absorption peak is attributed to the increase of the band-gap of the nanoparticles, which indicates the size quantum effects.
4 4 H. Wang, Y. Lu & J. Zhu 1.4 Absorbance / a.u nm Wave length / nm Fig. 3. UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the as-prepared CdS nanoparticles. The present synthetic design was motivated by the known simple interaction between sulfur and ethylenediamine, 12 but it provided special conditions for the formation and growth of the sulfide nanoparticles in such a microemulsion system in the presence of high-intensity ultrasound irradiation. Sulfur-toluene solution (STS) was chosen as the sulfur source. When STS was mixed with water, a liquid liquid heterogeneous system was formed. Sulfur powder was dissolved in toluene, the oil phase, and [Cd(en)x] 2+, and excessive ethylenediamine was in the water phase. The cavitation behavior of ultrasound irradiation can lead to extraction, mixed phase reactions and emulsification in such a liquid liquid heterogeneous system. Thus, an o/w microemulsion of toluene-in-water formed under ultrasound irradiation. Toluene droplets became homogenized and sulfur began to react with ethylenediamine at the oil water interface to give H 2 S. Then the released H 2 S combined with [Cd(en)x] 2+ to form CdS nuclei in the water phase. SDS played a critical role in this process. It not only promoted the formation of the microemulsion as the oil droplet stabilizer, but also provided the sites for the reactions by bridging the oil water interface. The details of the formation of cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles in such a microemulsion under ultrasound irradiation is still under study. In summary, a novel sonochemical method for the preparation of cube-shaped CdS nanoparticles in a microemulsion has been successfully established. It may be extended to the preparation of some other chalcogenide nanoparticles and provides a promising way to produce nanoparticles with cubic morphology. Acknowledgments This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos and ) and the Jiangsu Advanced Science and Technology Program (BG ).
5 Preparation of Cube-Shaped CdS Nanoparticles by Sonochemical Method 5 References 1. N. Heron, J. C. Calabrese, W. E. Farneth, and Y. Wang, Science 259, 1426 (1993); A. Henglein, Chem. Rev. 89, 1861 (1989); C. Kaito, Y. Saito, and K. Fujita, J. Cryst. Growth 94, 967 (1989); R. F. Service, Science 271, 920 (1996). 2. C. Y. Wang, X. Mo, Y. Zhou, Y. R. Zhu, H. T. Liu, and Z. Y. Chen, J. Mater. Chem. 10, 607 (2000); C. B. Murray, D. J. Norris, and M. G. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993). 3. C. C. Chen, C. Y. Chao, and Z. H. Lang, Chem. Mater. 12, 1516 (2000); P. Yan, Y. Xie, Y. T. Qian, and X. M. Liu, Chem. Commun. 1999, 1293; B. A. Simmons, S. Li, V. T. John, G. L. McPherson, A. Bose, W. Zhou, and J. He, Nano Lett. 2, 263 (2002). 4. J. J. Zhu, H. Wang, J. M. Zhu, and J. Wang, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 94, 136 (2002). 5. J. X. Huang, Y. Xie, B. Li, Y. Liu, Y. T. Qian, and S. Y. Zhang, Adv. Mater. 12, 808 (2000). 6. Y. Xie, J. X. Huang, B. Li, Y. Liu, and Y. T. Qian, Adv. Mater. 12, 1523 (2000). 7. K. S. Suslick, Ultrasound: Its Chemical, Physical and Biological Effects (VCH, Weinhein, Germany, 1988). 8. G. Z. Wang, W. Chen, C. H. Liang, Y. W. Wang, G. W. Meng, and L. D. Zhang, Inorg. Chem. Commun. 4, 208 (2001). 9. J. X. Huang, Y. Xie, B. Li, Y. Liu, J. Lu, and Y. T. Qian, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 236, 382 (2001). 10. JCPDS, File No H. Klug and L. Alexander, X-Ray Diffraction Procedures (Wiley, New York, 1962). 12. P. Dubois, J. P. Lelieur, and G. Lepoutre, Inorg. Chem. 28, 195 (1989); G. Henshaw, I. P. Parkin, and G. A. Shaw, Chem. Commun. 1996, 1095; G. Henshaw, I. P. Parkin, and G. A. Shaw, J. Chem. Soc. Dalton Trans. 1997, 231.
Supporting Information
Supporting Information Simple and Rapid Synthesis of Ultrathin Gold Nanowires, Their Self-Assembly and Application in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Huajun Feng, a Yanmei Yang, a Yumeng You, b Gongping
More informationPhase Characterization of TiO 2 Powder by XRD and TEM
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 42 : 357-361 (28) Phase Characterization of TiO 2 Powder by XRD and TEM Kheamrutai Thamaphat 1 *, Pichet Limsuwan 1 and Boonlaer Ngotawornchai 2 ABSTRACT In this study, the commercial
More informationSupplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 2009
Supporting Information Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications Controlled Synthesis of Co 3 O 4 Nanopolyhedrons and Nanosheets at Low Temperature Hongying Liang a, Joan M. Raitano a, Lihua
More informationPreparation of ZnS and SnS Nanopowders by Modified SILAR Technique
Journal of Physical Sciences, Vol. 13, 009, 9-34 ISSN: 097-8791 : www.vidyasagar.ac.in/journal Preparation of ZnS and SnS Nanopowders by Modified SILAR Technique Department of Physics The University of
More informationEffect of ph on the Size of Gold Nanoparticles
International Journal of Electronic and Electrical Engineering. ISSN 0974-2174, Volume 7, Number 2 (2014), pp. 159-164 International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com Effect of ph on the
More informationPhotocatalytic and photoelectric properties of cubic Ag 3 PO 4 sub-microcrystals with sharp corners and edges
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Communications Supporting Information for Photocatalytic and photoelectric properties of cubic Ag 3 PO 4 sub-microcrystals with sharp corners and edges
More informationInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Modern Education (IJMRME) ISSN (Online): 2454-6119 (www.rdmodernresearch.org) Volume I, Issue
STUDIES ON OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF Ag2S FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION METHOD Goverdhan Yadu*, K. K. Pathak**, Kusumanjali Deshmukh*** & Mini A. Pateria*** * Govt. Rajeev Lochan
More informationSynthesis and Characterization of MnO 2 Nanoparticles using Co-precipitation Technique
International Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. ISSN 2248-9924 Volume 3, Number 3 (2013), pp. 155-160 Research India Publications http://www.ripublication.com Synthesis and Characterization
More informationOil absorption in mesoporous silica particles
Processing and Application of Ceramics 4 [4] (2010) 265 269 Oil absorption in mesoporous silica particles Radislav Filipović 1,2,*, Dragica Lazić 1, Mitar Perušić 1, Ivan Stijepović 3 1 Faculty of Technology,
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Wiley-VCH 2005 69451 Weinheim, Germany Magnetic Nanoparticle-Capped Mesoporous Silica Nanorod-Based Stimuli-Responsive Controlled Release Delivery System** Supratim Giri, Brian G.
More informationLaser-induced modification of metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation technique in liquids
Applied Surface Science 247 (2005) 418 422 www.elsevier.com/locate/apsusc Laser-induced modification of metal nanoparticles formed by laser ablation technique in liquids N.V. Tarasenko *, A.V. Butsen,
More informationUV/VIS/IR SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES
UV/VIS/IR SPECTROSCOPY ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES SEPTEMBER 2012, V 1.1 4878 RONSON CT STE K SAN DIEGO, CA 92111 858-565 - 4227 NANOCOMPOSIX.COM Note to the Reader: We at nanocomposix have published this
More informationCrystal Structure of High Temperature Superconductors. Marie Nelson East Orange Campus High School NJIT Professor: Trevor Tyson
Crystal Structure of High Temperature Superconductors Marie Nelson East Orange Campus High School NJIT Professor: Trevor Tyson Introduction History of Superconductors Superconductors are material which
More informationEffects of aging on the kinetics of nanocrystalline anatase crystallite growth
Materials Chemistry and Physics 95 (2006) 275 279 Effects of aging on the kinetics of nanocrystalline anatase crystallite growth Hsing-I Hsiang, Shih-Chung Lin Department of Resources Engineering, National
More informationHow To Make A Molecular Encoder And Decoder
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for ChemComm. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting information Molecular Encoder - Decoder Based on Assembly of Graphene with Dye-labeled
More informationCrystalline Silver Nanowires by Soft Solution Processing
Crystalline Silver Nanowires by Soft Solution Processing NANO LETTERS 2002 Vol. 2, No. 2 165-168 Yugang Sun, Byron Gates, Brian Mayers, and Younan Xia* Department of Chemistry, UniVersity of Washington,
More informationControlling Gold Nanoparticles with Atomic Precision: Synthesis and Structure Determination
Controlling Gold Nanoparticles with Atomic Precision: Synthesis and Structure Determination Huifeng Qian Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, USA Advisor: Prof. Rongchao Jin Background
More informationMicrowave Absorption and Infrared Stealth Characteristics of Bamboo Charcoal/Silver Composites Prepared by Chemical Reduction Method
724 Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society, 2008, 55, 724-731 Microwave Absorption and Infrared Stealth Characteristics of Bamboo Charcoal/Silver Composites Prepared by Chemical Reduction Method Tzu-Hao
More informationSupporting Information. Rational design of Au nanorods assemblies for highly sensitive and selective SERS detection of prostate specific antigen
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Supporting Information Rational design of Au nanorods assemblies for highly sensitive and selective
More informationEffect of Deposition Time on ZnS Thin Films Properties by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) Techinique
World Applied Sciences Journal 19 (8): 1087-1091, 01 ISSN 1818-495 IDOSI Publications, 01 DOI: 10.589/idosi.wasj.01.19.08.591 Effect of Deposition Time on ZnS Thin Films Properties by Chemical Bath Deposition
More informationSODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE
SODIUM CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE Prepared at the 28th JECFA (1984), published in FNP 31/2 (1984) and in FNP 52 (1992). Metals and arsenic specifications revised at the 55 th JECFA (2000). An ADI not specified
More informationChapter 2 Toward Metallic Butterfly Wing Scales
Chapter 2 Toward Metallic Butterfly Wing Scales 2.1 Introduction Till now, natural biostructures have already been converted to a broad range of oxides. To prepare these replicas, metal ions were first
More informationStructural, optical and electrical properties of nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide thin films deposited by novel chemical route
Indian Journal of Pure & Applied Physics Vol. 52, January 2014, pp. 39-43 Structural, optical and electrical properties of nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide thin films deposited by novel chemical route
More informationGrowth and Characterisation of Gudolinium doped Sulphamic acid Single Crystal
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN( USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.2, pp 1168-1173, April-June 2014 Growth and Characterisation of Gudolinium doped Sulphamic acid Single Crystal
More informationAsian Journal on Energy and Environment
As. J. Energy Env. 2005, 6(04), 193-201 Asian Journal on Energy and Environment ISSN 1513-4121 Available online at www.asian-energy-journal.info Synthesis,Characterization and Application of Single and
More informationCHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL. g/mol, Sigma-Aldrich, Germany. 2.1.2 Magnesium acetate tetrahydrate (C 4 H 6 MgO. 4 4H 2 O), assay 99.0%,
CHAPTER 2 EXPERIMENTAL 2.1 Chemicals and Equipments 2.1.1 Zinc naphthenate (2(C 11 H 7 O 2 ). Zn), assay
More informationWork hard. Be nice. Name: Period: Date: UNIT 1: Introduction to Matter Lesson 4: A Fine Line Between Compounds and Mixtures
Name: Period: Date: UNIT 1: Introduction to Matter Lesson 4: A Fine Line Between Compounds and Mixtures Do Now: PRE-READING OPEN-NOTES QUIZ! By the end of today, you will have an answer to: How do pure
More informationHuman serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles stabilized with. intermolecular disulfide bonds. Supporting Information
Human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles stabilized with intermolecular disulfide bonds Wentan Wang, Yanbin Huang*, Shufang Zhao, Ting Shao and Yi Cheng* Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University,
More informationSupporting information
Supporting information Ultrafast room-temperature NH 3 sensing with positively-gated reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistors Ganhua Lu 1, Kehan Yu 1, Leonidas E. Ocola 2, and Junhong Chen 1 * 1
More informationComparative crystal structure determination of griseofulvin: Powder X-ray diffraction versus single-crystal X-ray diffraction
Article Analytical Chemistry October 2012 Vol.57 No.30: 3867 3871 doi: 10.1007/s11434-012-5245-5 SPECIAL TOPICS: Comparative crystal structure determination of griseofulvin: Powder X-ray diffraction versus
More informationSupporting Information
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Supporting Information Nanosilver Rainbow: A rapid and facile method to tune different colors
More informationChapter Test A. Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE. chemically combined? MIXs2 a. element b. compound c. mixture d.
Assessment Chapter Test A Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the letter of the correct answer in the space provided. 1. What is a pure substance made of two or more elements that are
More informationLUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF ZnS QUANTUM DOTS EMBEDDED IN POLYMER MATRIX
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 8, No. 3, March 2011, p.171 176 LUMINESCENCE PROPERTIES OF ZnS QUANTUM DOTS EMBEDDED IN POLYMER MATRIX BIJOY BARMAN *, K. C. SARMA Department of Instrumentation and USIC, Gauhati
More informationAvailable online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com. Scholars Research Library
Available online at www.scholarsresearchlibrary.com Archives of Physics Research, 2011, 2 (2): 27-35 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html) ISSN 0976-0970 CODEN (USA): APRRC7 Studies on Characterization
More informationCALCULATION METHODS OF X-RAY SPECTRA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
243 CALCULATION METHODS OF X-RAY SPECTRA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY B. Chyba, M. Mantler, H. Ebel, R. Svagera Technische Universit Vienna, Austria ABSTRACT The accurate characterization of the spectral distribution
More informationSn-Cu Intermetallic Grain Morphology Related to Sn Layer Thickness
Journal of ELECTRONIC MATERIALS, Vol. 36, No. 11, 2007 DOI: 10.1007/s11664-007-0270-x Ó 2007 TMS Special Issue Paper -Cu Intermetallic Grain Morphology Related to Layer Thickness MIN-HSIEN LU 1 and KER-CHANG
More informationHow to Grow Single Crystals for X-ray Analysis by Solution Crystallisation
(This is a part of the booklet. If you would like to have a complete booklet, which also includes crystallisation from a drop and by vapour diffusion, please, contact the author on enod45@gmail.com) How
More informationFacile Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Activity
2004 Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2014, Vol. 35, No. 7 Soo-Keun Lee et al. http://dx.doi.org/10.5012/bkcs.2014.35.7.2004 Facile Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic Activity Soo-Keun Lee,
More informationSynthesis of titanium dioxide nanostructures and their effects on current-voltage (I-V) performance in dye sensitized solar cells
International Journal of ChemTech Research CODEN (USA): IJCRGG ISSN : 0974-4290 Vol.6, No.13, pp 5220-5225, November 2014 MESCon 2014 [4th -5 th September 2014] National Conference on Material for Energy
More informationBasic principles and mechanisms of NSOM; Different scanning modes and systems of NSOM; General applications and advantages of NSOM.
Lecture 16: Near-field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM) Background of NSOM; Basic principles and mechanisms of NSOM; Basic components of a NSOM; Different scanning modes and systems of NSOM; General
More informationMISCIBILITY AND INTERACTIONS IN CHITOSAN AND POLYACRYLAMIDE MIXTURES
MISCIBILITY AND INTERACTIONS IN CHITOSAN AND POLYACRYLAMIDE MIXTURES Katarzyna Lewandowska Faculty of Chemistry Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland e-mail: reol@chem.umk.pl
More informationBIOACTIVE COATINGS ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL IMPLANTS
Trends Biomater. Artif. Organs. Vol. 17(2) pp 43-47 (2004) http//www.sbaoi.org BIOACTIVE COATINGS ON 316L STAINLESS STEEL IMPLANTS N. Ramesh Babu*,+, Sushant Manwatkar*, K. Prasada Rao* and T. S. Sampath
More informationNANO SILICON DOTS EMBEDDED SIO 2 /SIO 2 MULTILAYERS FOR PV HIGH EFFICIENCY APPLICATION
NANO SILICON DOTS EMBEDDED SIO 2 /SIO 2 MULTILAYERS FOR PV HIGH EFFICIENCY APPLICATION Olivier Palais, Damien Barakel, David Maestre, Fabrice Gourbilleau and Marcel Pasquinelli 1 Outline Photovoltaic today
More informationPhysical & Chemical Properties. Properties
Physical & Chemical Properties Properties Carbon black can be broadly defined as very fine particulate aggregates of carbon possessing an amorphous quasi-graphitic molecular structure. The most significant
More informationDr. Wesley Crowell Sanders, Salt Lake Community College
AC 2012-5101: PREPARING THE 21ST CENTURY GLOBAL WORKFORCE IN MICRO- AND NANOSCALE FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZA- TION IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF ENGINEERING EDUCATION Dr. Wesley Crowell Sanders, Salt Lake
More informationexperiment5 Understanding and applying the concept of limiting reagents. Learning how to perform a vacuum filtration.
81 experiment5 LECTURE AND LAB SKILLS EMPHASIZED Synthesizing an organic substance. Understanding and applying the concept of limiting reagents. Determining percent yield. Learning how to perform a vacuum
More informationPURIFICATION TECHNIQUES
DETERMINACIÓN DE ESTRUCTURAS ORGÁNICAS (ORGANIC SPECTROSCOPY) PURIFICATION TECHNIQUES Hermenegildo García Gómez Departamento de Química Instituto de Tecnología Química Universidad Politécnica de Valencia
More informationCHAPTER 3: MATTER. Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64
CHAPTER 3: MATTER Active Learning Questions: 1-6, 9, 13-14; End-of-Chapter Questions: 1-18, 20, 24-32, 38-42, 44, 49-52, 55-56, 61-64 3.1 MATTER Matter: Anything that has mass and occupies volume We study
More informationDNA Assembly and Enzymatic Cutting in Solutions: A Gold Nanoparticle Based SERS Detection Strategy
Supporting Information DNA Assembly and Enzymatic Cutting in Solutions: A Gold Nanoparticle Based SERS Detection Strategy Elizabeth Crew 1, Hong Yan 1, Liqin Lin 1, Jun Yin 1, Zakiya Skeete 1, Timur Kotlyar
More informationEXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield
EXPERIMENT 7 Reaction Stoichiometry and Percent Yield INTRODUCTION Stoichiometry calculations are about calculating the amounts of substances that react and form in a chemical reaction. The word stoichiometry
More informationSYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF SILVER/GOLD NANOPARTICLES
SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF SILVER/GOLD NANOPARTICLES Background Shelby Hatch and George Schatz Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208 All physical and chemical properties are size dependent, and the
More informationSTUDENT BACKGROUND READING FOR EXPERIMENT C: COLORIMETRIC GOLD NANOSENSOR
STUDENT BACKGROUND READING FOR EXPERIMENT C: In this experiment you will synthesize and test a plasmonic colorimetric nanosensor made of nanoparticles of gold. Here we provide you with some background
More informationPrussian blue nanoparticles for laser-induced photothermal therapy of tumors
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Supporting Information Prussian blue nanoparticles for laser-induced photothermal therapy of
More informationAdditional Lecture: TITRATION BASICS
Additional Lecture: TITRATION BASICS 1 Definition and Applications Titration is the incremental addition of a reagent solution (called titrant) to the analyte until the reaction is complete Common applications:
More informationHonors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1. A chemical equation. (C-4.4)
Honors Chemistry: Unit 6 Test Stoichiometry PRACTICE TEST ANSWER KEY Page 1 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Question What is a symbolic representation of a chemical reaction? What 3 things (values) is a mole of a chemical
More informationEffect of the oxide film formed on the electrical properties of Cu-Zn alloy electric contact material
Effect of the oxide film formed on the electrical properties of Cu-Zn alloy electric contact material Hao-Long Chen *, Ke-Cheng Tseng and Yao-Sheng Yang Department of Electronic Engineering, Kao Yuan University,
More informationEnhancing electrical conductivity of rubber composites by constructing interconnected network of self-assembled graphene with latex mixing
Supplementary Information Enhancing electrical conductivity of rubber composites by constructing interconnected network of self-assembled graphene with latex mixing Yanhu Zhan, a Marino Lavorgna, b Giovanna
More informationPHYSICAL PROPERTIES: GLASS. Forensic Science CC 30.07 Spring 2007 Prof. Nehru
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES: GLASS Physical vs. Chemical Properties The forensic scientist must constantly determine those properties that impart distinguishing characteristics to matter, giving it a unique identity.
More informationX-Ray Diffraction HOW IT WORKS WHAT IT CAN AND WHAT IT CANNOT TELL US. Hanno zur Loye
X-Ray Diffraction HOW IT WORKS WHAT IT CAN AND WHAT IT CANNOT TELL US Hanno zur Loye X-rays are electromagnetic radiation of wavelength about 1 Å (10-10 m), which is about the same size as an atom. The
More informationFeatures of the formation of hydrogen bonds in solutions of polysaccharides during their use in various industrial processes. V.Mank a, O.
Features of the formation of hydrogen bonds in solutions of polysaccharides during their use in various industrial processes. V.Mank a, O. Melnyk b a National University of life and environmental sciences
More informationWarm-Up 9/9. 1. Define the term matter. 2. Name something in this room that is not matter.
Warm-Up 9/9 1. Define the term matter. 2. Name something in this room that is not matter. Warm-Up 9/16 1. List the three most important rules of lab safety. 2. Would you classify jello as a solid or a
More informationThe Synthesis of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) Chloride
CHEM 122L General Chemistry Laboratory Revision 2.0 The Synthesis of trans-dichlorobis(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) Chloride To learn about Coordination Compounds and Complex Ions. To learn about Isomerism.
More informationIB Chemistry. DP Chemistry Review
DP Chemistry Review Topic 1: Quantitative chemistry 1.1 The mole concept and Avogadro s constant Assessment statement Apply the mole concept to substances. Determine the number of particles and the amount
More informationCoating of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the plasma activated polypropylene fibers
Coating of TiO 2 nanoparticles on the plasma activated polypropylene fibers Renáta Szabová*, Ľudmila Černáková, Magdaléna Wolfová, Mirko Černák a Department of Plastics and Rubber, Institute of Polymer
More informationOpaline Photonic Crystals: How Does Self-Assembly Work?
Opaline Photonic Crystals: How Does Self-Assembly Work? David J. Norris Chemical Engineering & Materials Science, University of Minnesota 1μm silica spheres See: D. J. Norris, E. G. Arlinghaus, L. Meng,
More informationA STUDY OF OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF POLYANLINE THIN FILMS PREPARED BY CHEMICAL BATH DEPOSITION (CBD) METHOD
International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET) Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2016, pp. 109 117, Article ID: IJARET_07_02_011 Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijaret/issues.asp?jtype=ijaret&vtype=7&itype=2
More informationSupplementary Information. Primary amino acid lithium salt as a catalyst for asymmetric Michael addition of isobutyraldehyde with β-nitroalkenes.
This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry 8 Supplementary Information Primary amino acid lithium salt as a catalyst for asymmetric Michael addition of isobutyraldehyde with β-nitroalkenes. Atsushi
More informationSupporting Information. Phosphorus-, nitrogen- and carbon- containing polyelectrolyte complex:
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for RSC Advances. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 S1 Supporting Information Phosphorus-, nitrogen- and carbon- containing polyelectrolyte complex:
More informationA metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light
A metal-free polymeric photocatalyst for hydrogen production from water under visible light Xinchen Wang, Kazuhiko Maeda, Arne Thomas, Kazuhiro Takanabe, Gang Xin, Johan M. Carlsson, Kazunari Domen, Markus
More informationLight-driven Nanoscale Chiral Molecular Switch: Reversible Dynamic Full Range Color Phototuning
This journal is (c) The Royal Society of Chemistry Supporting Information Light-driven Nanoscale Chiral Molecular Switch: Reversible Dynamic Full Range Color Phototuning Ji Ma, Yannian Li, Timothy White,
More informationIB Chemistry 1 Mole. One atom of C-12 has a mass of 12 amu. One mole of C-12 has a mass of 12 g. Grams we can use more easily.
The Mole Atomic mass units and atoms are not convenient units to work with. The concept of the mole was invented. This was the number of atoms of carbon-12 that were needed to make 12 g of carbon. 1 mole
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Wiley-VCH 2006 69451 Weinheim, Germany Supporting information: experimental details of the synthesis of the amino-functionalized polymers and nanoparticles used Tailor-made ligands
More informationChapter 8 How to Do Chemical Calculations
Chapter 8 How to Do Chemical Calculations Chemistry is both a qualitative and a quantitative science. In the laboratory, it is important to be able to measure quantities of chemical substances and, as
More informationPREPARATION OF CdS:Fe THIN FILMS AND THE STUDY OF THEIR PHASE FORMATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES WITH POST-DEPOSITION ANNEALING
Chalcogenide Letters Vol. 8, No. 3, March 211, p. 199-26 PREPARATION OF CdS:Fe THIN FILMS AND THE STUDY OF THEIR PHASE FORMATION AND OPTICAL PROPERTIES WITH POST-DEPOSITION ANNEALING P.U. ASOGWA * Department
More informationDNA NANOWIRES USING NANOPARTICLES ECG653 Project Report submitted by GOPI KRISHNA.ARI,arig@unlv.nevada.edu,Fall-2008
DNA NANOWIRES USING NANOPARTICLES ECG653 Project Report submitted by GOPI KRISHNA.ARI,arig@unlv.nevada.edu,Fall-2008 INTRODUCTION: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been a key building block in nanotechnology
More informationAsian Journal of Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal home page: www.ajrbps.com
Research Article ISSN: 2349 4492 Asian Journal of Research in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences Journal home page: www.ajrbps.com IMPROVEMENT OF SOLUBILITY OF OMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM BY SOLID DISPERSION
More informationJOURNAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 1, NO. 3, JULY 2006. 39
JOURNAL INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS, VOL 1, NO. 3, JULY 2006. 39 Self-Assembled Polystyrene Micro-Spheres Applied for Photonic Crystals and Templates Fabrication Daniel S. Raimundo 1, Francisco J.
More informationlung cancer targeted photodynamic therapy and imaging
99m Tc-Hematoporphyrin linked albumin nanoparticles for lung cancer targeted photodynamic therapy and imaging Su-Geun Yang, Ji-Eun Chang, Byungchul Shin, Sanghyun Park, Kun Na and Chang-Koo Shim* *Corresponding
More informationEnantiomers: Synthesis, characterization, and resolution of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) chloride Introduction:
Enantiomers: Synthesis, characterization, and resolution of tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(iii) chloride Introduction: The development of coordination chemistry prior to 1950 involved the synthesis and characterization
More informationZETA POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES
ZETA POTENTIAL ANALYSIS OF NANOPARTICLES SEPTEMBER 2012, V 1.1 4878 RONSON CT STE K SAN DIEGO, CA 92111 858-565 - 4227 NANOCOMPOSIX.COM Note to the Reader: We at nanocomposix have published this document
More informationSupporting Information
Copyright WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69469 Weinheim, Germany, 2011. Supporting Information for Small, DOI: 10.1002/smll.201102215 Engineering Hot Nanoparticles for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
More informationACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND
#3. Acid - Base Titrations 27 EXPERIMENT 3. ACID-BASE TITRATIONS: DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE BY TITRATION WITH HYDROCHLORIC ACID BACKGROUND Carbonate Equilibria In this experiment a solution of hydrochloric
More informationDescription of the Mole Concept:
Description of the Mole Concept: Suppose you were sent into the store to buy 36 eggs. When you picked them up you would get 3 boxes, each containing 12 eggs. You just used a mathematical device, called
More informationJ H Liao 1, Jianshe Tang 2,b, Ching Hwa Weng 2, Wei Lu 2, Han Wen Chen 2, John TC Lee 2
Solid State Phenomena Vol. 134 (2008) pp 359-362 Online available since 2007/Nov/20 at www.scientific.net (2008) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.134.359 Metal Hard
More informationCH3 Stoichiometry. The violent chemical reaction of bromine and phosphorus. P.76
CH3 Stoichiometry The violent chemical reaction of bromine and phosphorus. P.76 Contents 3.1 Counting by Weighing 3.2 Atomic Masses 3.3 The Mole 3.4 Molar Mass 3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds 3.6
More informationOne problem often faced in qualitative analysis is to test for one ion in a
Chemistry 112 Laboratory: Silver Group Analysis Page 11 ANALYSIS OF THE SILVER GROUP CATIONS Ag + Pb Analysis of a Mixture of Cations One problem often faced in qualitative analysis is to test for one
More informationChapter 1: Moles and equations. Learning outcomes. you should be able to:
Chapter 1: Moles and equations 1 Learning outcomes you should be able to: define and use the terms: relative atomic mass, isotopic mass and formula mass based on the 12 C scale perform calculations, including
More informationEffect of surface area, pore volume and particle size of P25 titania on the phase transformation of anatase to rutile
Indian Journal of Chemistry Vol. 48A, October 2009, pp. 1378-1382 Notes Effect of surface area, pore volume and particle size of P25 titania on the phase transformation of anatase to rutile K Joseph Antony
More informationDetermination of a Chemical Formula
1 Determination of a Chemical Formula Introduction Molar Ratios Elements combine in fixed ratios to form compounds. For example, consider the compound TiCl 4 (titanium chloride). Each molecule of TiCl
More informationChemical Physics Letters
Chemical Physics Letters 465 (2008) 249 253 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Chemical Physics Letters journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/cplett Fabrication and characterization of Zn ZnO
More informationChemical Synthesis. Overview. Chemical Synthesis of Nanocrystals. Self-Assembly of Nanocrystals. Example: Cu 146 Se 73 (PPh 3 ) 30
Chemical Synthesis Spontaneous organization of molecules into stable, structurally well-defined aggregates at the nanometer length scale. Overview The 1-100 nm nanoscale length is in between traditional
More information2 MATTER. 2.1 Physical and Chemical Properties and Changes
2 MATTER Matter is the material of which the universe is composed. It has two characteristics: It has mass; and It occupies space (i.e., it has a volume). Matter can be found in three generic states: Solid;
More informationMarmara Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Kimya Bölümü / Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS
EXPERIMENT VI PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PROTEINS I- Protein isolation and dialysis In order to investigate its structure and properties a protein must be obtained in pure form. Since proteins
More informationATOMIC ABSORTION SPECTROSCOPY: rev. 4/2011 ANALYSIS OF COPPER IN FOOD AND VITAMINS
1 ATOMIC ABSORTION SPECTROSCOPY: rev. 4/2011 ANALYSIS OF COPPER IN FOOD AND VITAMINS Buck Scientific Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, Model 200 Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) has for many years
More informationMicrowave firing of MnZn-ferrites
Materials Science and Engineering B 106 (2004) 289 294 Microwave firing of MnZn-ferrites V. Tsakaloudi, E. Papazoglou, V.T. Zaspalis Laboratory of Inorganic Materials, Chemical Process Engineering Research
More informationProduction of ferrite nanopowders in radiofrequency thermal plasma
Production of ferrite nanopowders in radiofrequency thermal plasma PhD Theses Loránd Gál Budapest, 2008 HAS Chemical Research Center Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry Department of Plasma
More informationCovalent Conjugation to Cytodiagnostics Carboxylated Gold Nanoparticles Tech Note #105
Covalent Conjugation to Cytodiagnostics Carboxylated Gold Nanoparticles Tech Note #105 Background Gold nanoparticle conjugates have been widely used in biological research and biosensing applications.
More informationand its application in the synthesis of Nilotinib intermediate
Electronic upplementary Material (EI) for RC Advances. This journal is The Royal ociety of Chemistry 204 upporting Information An efficient D-glucosamine-based copper catalyst for C-X couplings and its
More informationChapter 2 Atoms and Molecules
Chapter 2 Atoms and Molecules 2-1 Elements and their symbols Most of the chemicals you find in everyday life can be broken down into simper substances Key Concepts: A substance that cannot be broken down
More informationSYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A COORDINATION COMPOUND OF COPPER
Chemistry 111 Lab: Synthesis of a Copper Complex Page H-1 SYNTHESIS AND ANALYSIS OF A COORDINATION COMPOUND OF COPPER In this experiment you will synthesize a compound by adding NH 3 to a concentrated
More information