Thomas A. Ernst, PE Engineering Technologies, Inc.

Transcription

1 Thomas A. Ernst, PE Engineering Technologies, Inc.

2 Buildings consume 39% of all energy in the U.S. (as per the Department of Energy). Nearly 33% of energy consumed by buildings is used for lighting (as per the Department of Energy). This means that nearly 13% of all energy used in the U.S. is for lighting.

3 Buildings consume 39% of all energy in the U.S. (as per the Department of Energy). Nearly 33% of energy consumed by buildings is used for lighting (as per the Department of Energy). This means that nearly 13% of all energy used in the U.S. is for lighting. Captain Obvious Lower energy consumption means lower energy bills!

4 1994: T12 40-W Electronic Ballasts Still a lot of Incandescent in use Still a lot of Magnetic Ballasts in use Very little in controls 1995: Primarily Specified T8 32-W Electronic Ballasts Very little Incandescent being specified Very little in controls Not much changed in 10 years Ballast got better Compact fluorescent being used more T5 lamps come upon the scene Fiber optics was introduced

5 2006: T8 32 W Electronic Ballast 2004 Nebraska LB888 passed in the Unicameral (2003 IECC) 2006 Nebraska started requiring designs to be compliant Nebraska Energy Office ( Occupancy sensors Control systems to schedule OFF times Energy Allowances (W/SQFT) 2011: T8 32 W Electronic Ballasts 2009 IECC adopted Occupancy Sensors Daylight harvesting Energy allowances were reduced Control systems are being networked LED light fixtures 2014 Coming later in presentation

6 Lumen amount of visual light emitted Foot Candle unit of measure = 1 Lumen per 1 square foot Efficiency or Efficacy: How energy efficienct is a light source Measured in lumens/watt Lamp Temperature The color a lamp produces Expressed in Kelvin (K) 5,000K (blueish white, cool) 2,700K (yellowish to red, warm) Match flame ~ 1,700K Overcast daylight ~ 6,500K CRI: Color Rendering Index Measure of how well a light source reflects to true colors of an object compared to natural light Fluorescent range between LED s range between 80 with some claims of 98

7 Efficacy (LPW): the higher, the better Cost: lower the better CRI: higher the better Lamp Life: higher the better Lamp Temperature: Manufacturing, Retail, Office, Educational, Health Care Listings: UL, damp, wet, IC, hazardous, vandal Aesthetics Direct/Indirect

8 Lumens: 1,700 Watts: 41 Efficacy = 41% Lumens: 1,800 Watts: 28 Efficacy = 64.3%

9 Fluorescent LED Lumens: 5,700 Watts: 66.8 Efficacy = 64.3% Lumens: 4,548 Watts: 50 Efficacy = 91%

10 Fluorescent LED $85 - $125 $90 - $100

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12 Fluorescent: 20,000 HRS / 10 hrs / 5 days / 52 wks = 7.7 years Metal Halide: 15,000 HRS / 10 hrs / 5 days / 52 wks = 5.8 years Incandescent: LED: PAR 38: MR16: 2,000 HRS / 10 hrs / 5 days / 52 wks =.77 years 6,000 HRS / 10 hrs / 5 days / 52 wks = 2.3 years 50,000 HRS / 10 hrs / 5 days / 52 wks = 19.2 years * Environment, starts/stops all effect lamp life and are not considered in this example.

13 Engineer Architect Interior Designer

14 Direct/Indirect Indirect Direct

15 Efficacy (LPW): the higher, the better Cost: lower the better CRI: higher the better Lamp Life: higher the better Lamp Temperature: Manufacturing, Retail, Office, Educational, Health Care Listings: UL, damp, wet, IC, hazardous, vandal Aesthetics Direct/Indirect

16 1. Determine the use of the space and what we want to accomplish with the lighting. Upgrade existing? Lower energy costs? Improve light levels? Improve employee productivity? Better controllability? Add architectural appeal to the space? 2. Determine the budget. Is it predetermined? If budget isn t set, discuss types of fixtures to be used and develop an acceptable scheme and budget.

17 Calculations

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21 Occupancy Sensors Low voltage Line voltage Wireless Passive Infrared, Ultrasonic, dual technology Sensitivity, timeout, orientation Coverage directional, square footage Combination photocell/dimmer Interface with temperature controls Manual ON Coordinate with light source Fluorescent use program ballasts to lengthen lamp life LED s not affected

22 Relay Panels Relay ratings: amps, type of loads, contact longevity Timeclock function Daylight Savings Astronomical function Number of channels Override flash Network multiple panels PROS Good method for automatically controlling a lighting system and to meet Energy Code. Will provide energy savings when used. Initial cost is less than a digital control system. CONS Control of lights is dependent on how they are wired. Changing zones is costly to rewire.

23 Digital Addressed Lighting Interface (DALI) Eaton s Cooper Controls Fifthlight Lutron s EcoSystem Distributed based lighting control systems Encelium Lighting Control N-Light Wireless digital lighting control systems Eaton s Luma-Watt Limelight

24 PROS Control circuits independent of circuiting Easy to program light fixtures: individual or group Modifying zones or individual light fixtures done by programming, no rewiring. System reporting for: Energy savings Maintenance and control Load shedding CON Initial cost is more than analog based or sensor/relay system.

25 1. Change to a lower wattage fluorescent lamp with a higher color temperature rating. 2. Research ballast and lamp combinations for best energy savings. 3. Replace all incandescent lamps. 4. Replace older energy inefficient fixtures. 5. Add wireless occupancy sensors. 6. Talk with staff about shutting lights off.

26 1. Conduct a lighting audit of your facility Determine types of lighting in existing facility. Find low-hanging fruit. Determine existing foot candle levels and recommend possible reductions or needed increases. Suggest possible changes. Look at different lighting schemes. Replace fixtures Add controls Help develop budget, cost savings/payback, plan of action. 2. Upgrade fixtures 3. Install control systems

27 Energy Code is going to help drive designs, fixture technology, and control systems. Nebraska is governed by IECC 2009 IECC 2012 is the next version Lighting allowance go down for: Office Buildings Fire Stations Warehouses Commissioning is required LED Fixtures will continue to become more affordable. Light output (lumens) to the energy being used (Watts) will continue to improve. Better quality of light CRI values +90 Controllability of lamp temperature (LED s) Of great interest to Healthcare. Automate system to better simulate the day/night lighting cycle.

28 More Wireless Control Systems

29 New shapes and sizes: Due to smaller size of LED lamps, fixtures will vary on size and scale Fixtures will not need to conform to standard fluorescent lamp lengths and sizes Lights can be incorporated into other systems such as furniture, structures, pathways, etc Organic LED s A thin film of organic compound which emits light in response to electrical current. Lightweight and flexible Can wrap any object and turn it into a light source Challenges: Fragile Lifespan Blue spectrum fades sooner than other frequencies

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31 Thomas A. Ernst, PE Engineering Technologies, Inc.