UNITED STATES MILITARY RECORDS: A GENERAL OVERVIEW
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1 UNITED STATES MILITARY RECORDS: A GENERAL OVERVIEW PRESENTED BY ROBERT M. WILBANKS IV
2 TYPES OF MILITARY RECORDS 1. SERVICE RECORDS records generated at the time of service in the military ie. enlistment, muster rolls, pay vouchers, etc. 2. BENEFITS RECORDS records generated at some time after the actual service ie. Pensions and Bounty Land 3. MISCELLANEOUS RECORDS various other records ie. Soldier's Homes, Burial and Headstones, and regarding Civilians PERIODS IN AMERICAN MILITARY HISTORY 1. COLONIAL PERIOD Militia - Called out for Emergencies - Ready to fight any aggressor Any male between the ages of 16 and 60 - Had to bring own gun One Weekend a month meet for drilling practice Usually community social gathering About 100 men and commanded by a Captain Note: This was continued throughout America after the Revolutionary War and often became the foundation of units formed for the Civil War No National Records Nothing at National Archives Usually found at County or State level Service Records - Consists of rolls or rosters Great substitute when no census or tax lists Benefits Records - Colonies/States offered Bounty Land Often published 2. REVOLUTIONARY WAR Actually was not a popular war - Only 1/3 of population fought for Liberty 1/3 remained Loyal - 1/3 tried to stay out of it Period of transition in military record keeping Records Availability State Archives and National Archives These are earliest records in existence at National Archives There are Compiled Service Records and an Index Benefits Records Valuable genealogical source - Different periods of benefits Early on individuals required congressional approval A Little known resource - Final Payment Vouchers on Pensions War of British captured Washington many Revolutionary War records destroyed 2 U.S. Military Records
3 3. POST-REVOLUTIONARY WAR During the early formation and development of new government The military was primarily a Federal matter State militias still in existence called to Federal service during emergencies Early United States opposed to large standing Military America usually was never prepared for a war Had to call up Militia Units to reinforce Military Citizen Soldiers Volunteers Records become more uniform and reliable One location of records - National Archives Compiled Service Records and Indexes in Four categories or titles Service from 1784 to 1811 War of 1812 ( ) Indian Wars ( ) Mexican War ( ) Benefits Records Pensions Separate series and indexes Old Wars service from pensions given War of 1812 Pensions acts of 1871 and 1878 Mexican War Pensions act of 1887 Indian Wars Pension act of 1892 for service Later acts covered Bounty Land Numerous Congressional Acts Last act in 1855 For service between 1790 to 1855 War of 1812 Pensions and Bounty Land Consolidated 4. CIVIL WAR Truly all American War -- North/Blue vs. South/Gray Confederate Records purposefully not destroyed by South for historical preservation they were actually offered to the North by Confederate President Officially Housed at National Archives as captured records-of-war Service Records Union and Confederate at National Archives National Park Service Index Online Possible additional Confederate Records at former Confederate States Archives Benefits Records Union at National Archives Interfiled wars from Civil War up to World War I One Significant index Confederate at States of residence when state offered benefit 3 U.S. Military Records
4 5. POST-CIVIL WAR Reconstruction of the South Indian Wars of the far western frontier Domestic Disturbances related to Labor Disputes in the late 19 th Century Primarily Regular Army, Navy and Marines Special research required You will need to study other resources In some cases refer to records mentioned in Civil War presentation 6. TWENTIETH CENTURY The Modern Period Change in Record Keeping System Files kept on each soldier, following him as he transfers Actually begins with Spanish-American War (1898) Philippine Insurrection & Boxer Rebellion These three have separate service records filings and indexes Benefits interfiled with Civil War as mentioned earlier World Wars I and II -- Korea and Vietnam National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis LOCATIONS OF VARIOUS RECORD TYPES NATIONAL ARCHIVES - no Colonial Military Records - Indexes, Service Records, and Benefit Records to various Wars - Revolutionary War - War of War with Mexico - Old Indian Wars - Civil War - Union and Confederate Service Records - Union Pension Records - Indian Wars in the West - Spanish-American War - Philippine Insurrection - no Twentieth Century Military Records - National Personnel Records Center, St. Louis - except World War I Draft Records at Archive Branch, Atlanta - Regular Army, Naval and Marine Records - Records Regarding Civilians STATE ARCHIVES - Colonial Military Service Records - Militia Lists, Colonial to Civil War - some Union and Confederate Service Records - post Civil War State Military units, later National Guard - Possibly some Benefit Records from State - Confederate Pension Records at original Confederate States 4 U.S. Military Records
5 FAMILY HISTORY LIBRARY, SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH (Resources available through local Family History Centers) Same Military Records from National Archives All Indexes Available on Microfilm - Service and Pension for all Wars Confederate Service Records on Microfilm Revolutionary War Pensions on Microfilm Book: Register of Federal United States Military Records compiled by the Family History Library Mesa Family History Center, Reference Table, 973 M2de 4 brown books with American Flag and green strip with yellow dot Volume Volume 2 Civil War Volume WWII, and Misc. Volume 4 Supplemental, mostly Civil War COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES - Library of Congress Classification System - United States History E Civil War E Civil War Unit Histories E , , , Registers, Memorials E Personal Narratives - Union & Conf. E 464, 591, 601, PUBLIC LIBRARY - Dewey Decimal Classification System - United States History Civil War Military Unit Histories Registers, Memorials Personal Narratives - Union Confederate INTERNET - Many primary and secondary resources - Cyndislist - USGenWeb - National Archives - Library of Congress - Civil War Soldiers and Sailors System - various State Archives and Libraries - FamilySearch - Heritage Quest - Ancestry - Fold3 - Various Veterans and Lineage Organizations - Military Re-enactment Units 5 U.S. Military Records
6 RESEARCH SUGGESTIONS / TIPS SEARCHING THE LIBRARY CATALOG (or GOOGLE) A matter of the right subject or keyword, or the right combination of keywords General United States U.S. -- Military -- War with Mexico U.S. -- Military Records -- War with Mexico Specific State Alabama -- Military -- Civil War Alabama -- Military Records -- Civil War County Virginia, Bedford County -- Military -- Revolutionary War Virginia, Bedford County -- Military Records -- Revolutionary War RESEARCH TIPS Identify the State Locate possible soldier, or his family, in census immediately previous to the War Most likely that is the State that he served from County Histories Tend to have entire Chapters on Military History of County Identifies Soldiers/Veterans in various Wars Identifies units formed from that County Bordering Counties or States Ancestor may have crossed County or State lines to enlist History of War Study History of the War that the Ancestor Participated in - at National and at Local levels - get an old High School American History Textbook - Internet Google Wikipedia History of Unit Research History of Unit - Battle Participation - Leaders - Comrades, other members of ancestor s unit - neighbors and friends - community leaders, fellow church members - potential family members - fathers, uncles, brothers, cousins - in-laws Same resources as mentioned previously 6 U.S. Military Records
7 UNITED STATES MILITARY RECORDS The United States National Archives Records available and services provided at NARA are extensive and thorough. It is important to study the website in detail. Forms can be requested by mail or , or downloaded. Records can also be ordered directly through the website. For Military Records prior to 1912: For Military Records since 1912: MAILING ADDRESSES General Reference Branch (NNRG-P) National Archives and Records Administration 7th and Pennsylvania Avenue NW Washington DC National Personnel Records Center (Military Records), NARA 9700 Page Boulevard St. Louis, MO Forms and Fees Required to Order Military Records pre-1912: Form NATF 86: Military Service Records prior to $25.00 Form NATF 85D: Federal Military Pension Application Civil War and Later, prior to 1912, Complete File (up to 100 pages) -- $75.00 Form NATF 85A: Federal Military Pension Application Pre-Civil War, Complete File -- $50.00 Form NATF 85B: Federal Military Pension Application Pension Documents Packet (a limit of 8 documents only) -- $25.00 Form NATF 85C: Military Bounty-Land Warrant Application File -- $25.00 Forms and Fees Required Military Records for service after 1912: Form SF-180: Military Service Records Free to proven descendants 7 U.S. Military Records
8 CHRONOLOGY OF AMERICAN CONFLICTS AND WARS By Robert M. Wilbanks IV, B.A Indian Massacre of Virginia colonists; over 300 colonists killed 1644 Indian Massacre of Virginia colonists; over 500 colonists killed Claybourne's Rebellion in Maryland Pequot War in New England Dutch Trouble with Indians in New York 1655 Conquest of New Sweden - Delaware 1655 Civil War in Maryland King Philip's War in New England Bacon's Rebellion in Virginia King William's War; known in Europe as the War of the League of Augsburg Queen Anne's War and the War of Jenkins Ear; in Europe this was the War of the Spanish Succession King George's War; in Europe this was the War of the Austrian Succession The French and Indian War; in Europe this was the Seven Years War Revolutionary War 1786 Shay's Rebellion Miami Indian War 1794 Whiskey Rebellion John Adams War War with Tripoli 1811 Tippecanoe 8 U.S. Military Records
9 War of 1812 and the Shawnee and Creek Wars Mormon Engagements 1832 Black Hawk War Second Seminole War 1836 Texas Independence 1837 Patriots War Mexican War Civil War Madoc War 1876 Sioux Indian War 1898 The Spanish-American War 1899 Philippine Insurrection 1900 Boxer Rebellion World War I World War II Korean Conflict Vietnam War 1983 Lebanon 1983 Grenada 1986 Libya 1989 Panama Desert Shield / Desert Storm 2001 present War on Terror (Afghanistan and War in Iraq) 9 U.S. Military Records
10 BIBLIOGRAPHY OF SUGGESTED RESOURCES FOR FURTHER READING ON MILITARY RECORDS United States Military Records: A Guide to Federal and State Sources, Colonial America to the Present, by James C. Neagles, Ancestry Publishing, 1994 Revolutionary War Genealogy, by George K. Schweitzer, Ph.D., Sc.D., 1987 War of 1812 Genealogy, by George K. Schweitzer, Ph.D., Sc.D., 1988 Civil War Genealogy, by George K. Schweitzer, Ph.D., Sc.D., 1988 The Great War: A Guide to the Service Records of All the World s Fighting Men and Volunteers, by Christina K. Schaefer, Genealogical Publishing Company, 1998 World War II Military Records: A Family Historian s Guide, by Debra Johnson Knox, Mie Publishing, 2003 The National Archives of the United States, by Herman J. Viola & David McCullough, Abrams Publishing, 1984 Guide to Genealogical Research in the National Archives, 3 rd Edition, by U.S. National Archives, National Archives Trust Fund Board, 2000 Military Service Records: A Select Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications, National Archives Trust Fund Board, 1985 The Researcher's Guide to American Genealogy, 3 rd Edition, by Val D. Greenwood, Genealogical Publishing Company, 2001 Shaking Your Family Tree: A Basic Guide to Tracing Your Family s Genealogy, 2 nd Edition, by Ralph J. Crandall, New England Historic Genealogical Society, 2001 The Source, 3 rd Edition, edited by Loretto Dennis Szucs & Sandra Hargreaves Luebking, Ancestry Publishing, 2006 Printed Sources: A Guide to Published Genealogical Records, edited by Kory L. Meyerink, Ancestry Publishing, U.S. Military Records
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