Towards the preparation of the Guadalajara s SmartCity Metrics Structure

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1 IEEE-GDL CCD SMART CITIES WHITE PAPER 1 Towards the preparation of the Guadalajara s SmartCity Metrics Structure Vázquez-Castañeda, C, Estrada-Guzman, E, IEEE Guadalajara Metrics for Smart Cities Working Group Abstract Since 2013, Ciudad Creativa Digital (CCD) project is developing a plan to prepare the Guadalajara, Jalisco to become the first smart city in Mexico. One of the important parts of the process is the development and implementation of a metrics structure. Based on the study of the metrics used in other smart cities around the world, the Guadalajara s metrics framework will be used for monitoring the activity of the city. The objective of this document is to present the main plan of the metrics structure preparation and some of its characteristics. Index Terms Ciudad Creativa Digital, Guadalajara, Key Performance Index, Metrics, Smart Cities. u 1 INTRODUCTION T HE number of people living in cities is increasing every year; by 2030 it is estimated that 60% of the human population will be living in cities and 70% by 2050 [1]. It implies that the role of the cities in the life of the people will be an important issue for the next years. Local governments are deciding to embrace the idea of being a smart city to offer better services, generate a better economic environment and improve their infrastructure. In Mexico, some cities have embraced the principal concepts of the smart city model to their public functions, but still in a minor grade. However, in November 2013 the federal government released the Estrategia Digital Nacional (National Digital Strategy), which consists in a 5-year national action plan for the adoption and development of the information and communication technologies as part of the Gobierno Cercano y Moderno (Closer and Modern Government) program. The initiative will prepare the environment for an easier smart city transition around Mexico [18]. In Guadalajara, our city is experiencing the process of the Ciudad Creativa Digital (Digital Creative City); a new cluster focused to impulse the digital industry in Mexico and to promote it as the first digital hub for Latinamerica. The GDL CCD master plan, developed by a multidisciplinary group from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), contains the project strategies which at the end will result in an important cluster to impulse an intelligent urban development with a high-tech profile. GDL CCD will be an important base to prepare and implement the smart city model for Mexico and Latin America. The aim of this document is to present the main strategy C. Vazquez is with the ITPhD CUCEA - Universidad de Guadalajara, CO vazquez.carlos@cucea.udg.mx E. Estrada is with the ITPhD CUCEA - Universidad de Guadalajara, CO estrada.elsa@cucea.udg.mx xxxx-xxxx/0x/$xx x IEEE of the Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics Structure and offer a brief description of the Guadalajara s Smart City Framework to process the gathered urban information. 2 CONTEXT 2.1 Mexican Digital Strategy The Mexican Digital Strategy is a document where government introduces the actions that will be implemented during the next years to prepare the adoption and development of the Information and Communication Technologies. The principal purpose is to impulse the digitalization in Mexico to maximize the economic, social and politic impacts. The principal objectives of the Mexican Digital Strategy are to promote a governmental transformation, to impulse a digital economy, to offer a high-quality education, to implement a universal healthcare and to ensure the safety of their citizens. To achieve the goals, the Mexican Digital Strategy proposes enablers as digital connectivity, digital skills, a strong interoperability, a strong legal framework and an open-data policy [18]. 2.2 GDL CCD Strategy The Guadalajara Ciudad Creativa Digital (GDL CCD) will advance Mexico's natural position as a global leader in content production while providing a world-class environment for Mexican and overseas talent. GDL CCD will also push the boundaries of sustainable integrated urban development, providing a new model of economic cluster development that can be replicated across the country and Latin America. This initiative has support across the political spectrum and showcases, where local and federal authorities are Published by the IEEE-CCD Smart Cities

2 2 IEEE GDL CCD WHITE PAPER sharing the objective of enabling the digital creative industry. This project is one of the cornerstones of Mexico's economic growth agenda [20]. 2.3 Stakeholders One of the most important aspects in a smart city metrics is the definition of the stakeholders. The stakeholders are the principal actors of a smart city implementation, and at the same time are the first beneficiaries and the first affected. It is crucial for a correct smart city process to determine the responsibilities and tasks of each participant; the smart city metrics will depend on the performance of each stakeholder [6]. Government dependencies, contracting authorities, project managers; operators and citizens are some of the principal city stakeholders. Success of the smart city will depend on the availability and the immediate analytics of the information produced by the stakeholders. 3 WORKING GROUP MISSION & VISION The mission of the Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics group is to prepare an open-data structure of metrics for the city to verify the status of the indicators, to analyze the correlation between indicators and KPI s, to improve the city performance and to share the metrics structure with other cities to develop standardization. The vision of the Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics group is to have a complete structure of metrics for the metropolitan area by the end of December 2014 and start a realtime analysis of the KPI s with inputs from the Open Data Framework by the second half of SOURCES OF DATA FOR GUADALAJARA S SMART CITY STRUCTURE Fig.1. Guadalajara s Smart City data sources. The principal sources for the KPI s will be the Guadalajara s government dependencies and some other private and public institutions certifying the validity and veracity of the information. Furthermore, data extracted from the Internet must complement the indicators. The Smart City model requires an open data environment for its implementation; this is an important area opportunity, since the government is still developping such procedures. According to the five Star Open Data model, our first steps will be related to one-star level model, where data is visible, licensed for reuse but requires considerable effort to extract value [21]. Semantic analysis will be required to detect metrics inside documents and define the different layers of indicators. 5 STATE OF THE ART IN METRICS Measuring is a fundamental issue since it improves quality of life by understanding the city performance in four key areas: talent, innovation, connections and distinctiveness [4]. City metrics require standard specifications; methods and strategies to enable compare cities under the same framework [7]. One of the first tasks in the preparation for a smart city is to detect the target objects of evaluation called functions or categories or areas, encompassing indicators to gauge since environment until the level of services requirements to handle a growing urban zone. There are different approaches and benchmarks to measure and describe in smart cities. Nevertheless, the main objective is to find measures to understand the city performance, discover underlying trends, compare characteristics and identify strengths and weaknesses of the city in a comparative way, in order to measure the development of Intelligent Communities. The smart city area configurations could present some variations depending of different factors. China generated a city plan in 2011 where they visualize a smart city as a model with four areas: citizen, enterprise, government and infrastructure. Meanwhile Shanghai published its first release smart city benchmarks considering four factors: Informatization, Integrated Competitive Capability, Green and Low Carbon, Culture and Technology, in grouping by five dimensions, 19 second layers indicators and 64 third layer indicators [17]. Other study published in 2011 presented a collection of diversity indexes listed each according to the area of urban performance as: Finance, Economy, Quality of life, Technology, Environment [11]. This urgency of measuring and monitoring city performance and quality of life, have been detected by the Global City Indicators Facility. Such indicators enable cities to measure, report and improve areas of city services and quality of life with a success case developped at the University of Toronto, Canada. The indicators are structured around 20 topics, e.g. Education, Energy, Civic Engagement, Culture, Health, Governance, Transportation, Solid Waste, among others [14].

3 IEEE-GDL CCD SMART CITIES WHITE PAPER The survey Global Power City Index is a matrix composed of city actors and functions indicators, which evaluates and ranks the comprehensive power about forty major cities. The evaluation is based on six functions: Economy, Research & Development, Cultural Interaction, Livability, Environment and Accessibility, and four global actors who are leading global activities in their cities: Managers, Researchers, Artist, Visitors and Residents [8, 16]. The Province of Ontario, Canada inside The Intelligent Community Forum defines five critical success factors for the creation of Intelligent Communities: Broadband connectivity, Knowledge workforce, Digital Inclusion Innovation, Marketing and Advocacy. In addition to its Intelligent Community Indicators, ICF has identified factors that distinguish the most successful Intelligent Communities as Collaboration, Leadership and Sustainability [19], while other groups presents a model where city has alternative capabilities like connected, entrepreneurial, livable and pioneer city [2]. 3 The first step to establish the Guadalajara Smart City Metrics Structure was to declare the areas or sections of study. After a revision of other city structures, we decided to use a similar structure based in the Cohen s Smart Cities Wheel [9]. The areas of study for Guadalajara will be smart people, smart economy, smart environment, smart government, smart living and smart mobility. The next level of definition is related to the sources specification for each area; the meticulousness of this step is important because the principal actors of the city and the owners of the information for the smart city structure will be declared at this point. Once every possible metric has been related with the structure, the next step is to find the metrics that could be used as a Key Performance Indicator (KPI). 7 KPI S: INDEX DEFINITIONS AND CORRELATIONS The Key Performance Indicator (KPI) is a performance measurement, which evaluates the effectiveness of a specific metric, allowing the quantification of the goals progress. For a smart city implementation, the KPI definition is related to the important metrics for the city management. The use of KPI s allows the identification of issues and improvements in the performance of the city. However, the correct use of the KPI s depends on the data quality and how fast can be acquired and processed. The use and analysis of the data framework will allow us to detect correlations between the city indicators; nevertheless, the analysis implies to prepare the complete structure to deduce the implications between KPI s. The data intelligence algorithms will deduce the factors related to each index of our metrics. Despite the local data sources, most of the KPI s detected in other cities can be implemented in Guadalajara, where the correlation of metrics could present a variation from city to city. 8 OPEN DATA FRAMEWORK PREPARATION Fig.2. Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics Structure diagram. The implementation of the areas for the Guadalajara s structure is based on the study of several city developments, looking for the more standardized and shareable configuration. 6 METRICS FOR SMART CITIES FRAMEWORK The Guadalajara s Smart City Data Framework is the module that will collect the stakeholder s information defined in the implementation of the metrics structure; this module will be responsible of the indicators surveillance. Moreover, framework will lead the data intelligence procedures to optimize the city operations according to the indicator s behavior; this is the reason why it is vital to implement a robust metrics structure [5]. The goals of the Open Data Framework are to provide an open data plataform, enable people to build on open data from Guadalajara living labs. Such data sources must have a national legislation for freedom of information, with standard reporting protocols. The creation of incentives for the open data framework is needed in order to promote the data sharing for goods between business and citizens as well as promoting collaboration among universities, government, and industry. The framework of the Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics resides over components that proceed from different layers, based on standars, tools, metodologies and stakeholders. These will be integrated into the context of local collaboration in working groups. As a reference, see the roadmap presented in fig. 3. Standars are defined toward tree layers: 1) File structures which include JSON, XML and CSV formats. 2) Protocols

4 4 IEEE GDL CCD WHITE PAPER over TCP/IP as CAP (Common Alert Protocol) simple version, RESTFUL (Representational state transfer), MQTT machine-to-machine (M2M)/"Internet of Things" connectivity protocol. 3) Kind of storage criteria as the flow of continuos data and periodic subset of data. Tools and methodology aim to enable the physical infrastructure for repositories storage (BigData or compatible), enought network bandwidth for the access, scalable architecture, and mirrors or backups of information. A Web portal to provide access to the repository is considered, in order to manage and support to users, security, privacy, and implementation of policies. The methodology must include the management and the scale of data repositories. Stakeholders are integrated by: IEEE Physical Infrastructure Working Group, IEEE Inernet of Things Working Group, Data Visualization and Analytics Working Group, Government, Industry (Analytics and Enterpreuners), Researchers, and Citizens. advance in the process, cities are analyzed according to core areas of interest [10]. The Department for Business, Innovation and Skills in the United Kingdom propose the analysis of areas as governance, geographic and cultural spread, access to information, open data polycies, investment priorities, etc. They selected cities as Chicago, Rio de Janeiro, Stockholm, Boston, Barcelona and Hong Kong as the cities with the best score [13]. Besides, the Institute for Urban Strategies at The Mori Memorial Foundation presents a ranking based on areas as economy, research and development, cultural interaction, livability, environment and accessibility. Their Global Power City Index 2013 presents London, New York, Paris, Tokyo, Singapore, Seoul, Amsterdam, Berlin, Vienna and Frankfurt as the first 10 cities with the best general ranking [16]. It is important to notice that each list introduces different cities, and also it changes its nominees year by year [8]. 10 GUADALAJARA SMART CITY PROCESS The next table is a roadmap of the Guadalajara s metrics definition. Process is programmed for the next 12 months starting from January BEST PRACTICES The interest of the cities to become a smart city has grown in the last years. The city governments have experienced the benefits of the technology applied to the city operations; moreover, citizens perceive the improvement on the services, operations, economy and quality life [12]. Every year the number of smart cities is increasing and each city is in a different level of implementation. To verify the December November October September August April March July June The next step is to prepare a deep revision of each metric to define its properties; status of implementation, frequency of change, intervals of performance, units of measure, etc [3]. By this time the Data Framework will be ready to start working at some percent of capacity, according to the information provided by the stakeholders, with the understanding that missing data should be available at a specific date. practices analysis Best Metrics benchmarking of the selected cities Guadalajara s stake- holders definition Smart people indica- Smart Economy indi- ca Smart Environment indica Smart Government indica Smart Living indica- Smart Mobility indica- Guadalajara's metrics structure (first draft) Data availability Guadalajara's metrics structure (second draft) Guadalajara KPI's May Fig. 3 Roadmap for the open data framework in 2014 February January TABLE 1 ROADMAP OF THE GUADALAJARA S METRICS DEFINITION. This is the brief description of the roadmap. The activities to achieve the goals are contained in the complete version.

5 IEEE-GDL CCD SMART CITIES WHITE PAPER 5 11 CLUES FOR THE SUCCESS The Guadalajara s Smart City Metrics Structure will contain some of the metrics and KPI s of the cities ranked in the previous lists; it is important to contemplate some other cases as China s cities, where the smart city implementation process is generating a lot of important information. Data surveillance of other cities will be part of the daily routine, verifying new developments around the world [15]. One of the most important challenges in the preparation of Guadalajara as a smart city is to persuade government about the importance of an open-data culture. CCD has established a direct dialog with the Guadalajara city council to prepare the transition on dependencies. This process will allow complementing the metrics structure, determining which metrics are already available and which metrics should be extracted from other places. At the same time, private institutions will be contacted to ask for specific information for complementing the metrics. 12 PERSPECTIVES The next step is to send an invitation for the local universities to generate work groups that could help in the definition of the metrics structure. It is necessary to build 6 multidisciplinary groups, one for each area. Other important step is to prepare the design of the visual interfaces for the Data Framework. Even when data analysis offer the information that we need, the interfaces allow citizens to follow the city performance and how every action can impact, stimulating the participation of the people in the data providing. ACKNOWLEDGMENT The authors wish to thank the Guadalajara Ciudad Creativa Digital A.C. (GDL CCD) organization for their support sharing its vision and take care of the working groups initative, especially Octavio Parga as President and Victor M. Larios as Science and Technology Director. Also, we thank the IEEE Guadalajara Section volunteers, CANIETI Occcidente and their associated Industry in Mexico, PROMEXICO and CONACYT for their support. A special thank for the Universidad de Gualdajara and its PhD in Information Technologies program providing PhD Students, the advice of professors, facilities and acces to information databases. [4] J. Cortright, City Vitals: A detailed set of statistical measures for urban leaders to understand their city s performance in four key areas, talent, innovation, connections and distinctiveness, in comparison to the fifty largest metropolitan areas in the United States, CEO s for cities, [5] N. Wojtarowicz, Measuring City Competitiveness: Emerging Trends and Metrics, presented at the 2013 Intelligent Cities Summit, Gold Coast. [6] Smart Cities and Communities, Smart Cities stakeholder platform. Finance Working Group. Guidance document. Integrated action plan report process & guidelines for smart cities September, [7] Centre of Regional Science, Smart cities Ranking of European medium-sized cities, October, [8] Institute for Urban Strategies at the Mori Memorial Foundation, Global Power City Index 2011, October, [9] Tekes, Selection of Leading Smart City Case Studies in the USA, (September, 2013) Available: [10] The Urban China Initiative, The Urban Sustainability Index: A New Tool for Measuring China s Cities, November [11] G. Clark, The Business of Cities. City Indexes in 2011, November [12] Renew LA, Performance metrics for the city of Los Angeles, July, [13] Department for Business, Innovation & Skills, Global Innovators : International Case Studies on Smart Cities, October [14] GCIF, Global City Indicators Facility Profile Indicators Available: [15] D. Palmer, Standards for Smart Cities and Infrastructure, November, [16] Institute for Urban Strategies at the Mori Memorial Foundation, Global Power City Index 2013, October, [17] X. Zhang, Smart Cities Benchmarking in China, China Academy of Telecommunication Research of MIIT, [18] Estrategia Digital Nacional, Available: [19] Jones Lang LaSalle, The Business of Cities What do 150 city indexes and benchmarking studies tell us about the urban world in 2013, November [20] Ciudad Creativa Digital, Available: [21] 5 stars Open Data, Available: REFERENCES [1] AMETIC, 2012 Smart Cities, Foro Tic para la Sostenibilidad, September, [2] P. Lombardi, New challenges in the evaluation of Smart Cities, vol. 13, pp. 8 10, [3] User s manual for the Singapore index on cities, (2009, November, 21) Available: