Water/ Irrigation Manager/ Engineers Role
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1 Mainstreaming Climate Change for Sustainable Development of Sri Lanka August 29 Adaptation to Climate Change Irrigation Sector in Sri Lanka Eng. H. M. Jayatillake Director (Irrigation & Water Management) Irrigation Department Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 7. Water/ Irrigation Manager/ Engineers Role Deals with floods, Droughts, Extreme events in there normal work Some adaptations take place for effects and impacts of climate change & variability 1
2 Where do we have to adapt? Drivers Change Effect Impact Mitigation? Adaptation Tools for Diagnosis 2
3 Performance monitoring of irrigation systems All Island Average Croping Intensity of Major Schemes & Yala Extents /94 to 23/4 Cropping Intensity /94 94 /95 95 /96 96 /97 97 /98 98/99 99/ 2/1 2/2 2/3 2/4 Cropping CROPPING INTENSITY Extent Yala (Acs) EXTENT YALA Benchmarking of irrigation system performance AV. ANNUAL CROPPING INTENSITY 93/94,97/98 - Inter Prov Schemes over 4 ha Anticipated Design CI
4 Studies 1 ADAPT Study on Adaptation to Changing Environments. Water, Climate, Food, and Nature Some Trends in Walawe Basin (Pilot) Catchment Area Annual Rainfall Runoff Escape to Sea 2471 Sqkm 186 mm 2221 MCM 525 MCM Walawe Basin 4
5 Climate Change Trends Mean Annual Temperature Hambantota (Lower Walawe Basin) Mean Annual Temperature - Hambantota Degrees Celcius Annual Av Linear (Annual Av) Clear Increasing Trend with Prominence After early 197s CC Trends Mean Annual Temperature Ratnapura (Upper Walawe Basin) Annual Mean Temperature o C - Ratnapura Degrees celcius Annual Mean Linear (Annual Mean) Similar increasing Trend 5
6 Annual Rainfall Trends from 191 to 2 mm Annual Rainfall Trend from 191 to 2 - Walaw e in Holmw ood: Lat: 6.85 o N Lon: 8.72 o E El: m Holmw ood Filtered Poly. (Holmw ood) Walawe in Holmwood A Reducing Trend from early 7s Annual Rainfall Trends from 191 to 2 - Annual Rainfall Trend from 191 to 2 - Walaw e in Sandringham: Lat: 6.85 o N Lon: 8.75 o E El: ****** m mm Sandringham Filtered Linear (Sandringham) Walawe in Sandrignam A High Variability 6
7 Annual Rainfall Trends from 191 to 2 - mm Annual Rainfall Trend from 191 to 2 - Walaw e in Annifield: Lat: 6.87 o N Lon: 8.63 o Annifield Filtered Linear (Annifield) EL: m Walawe in Annfield An Increased Variability Annual Rainfall Trends from 191 to 2 35 Annual Rainfall Trend from 191 to 2 - Kirindi Oya in Dyraba - Lat: 6.88 o N LON: 8.93 o E EL: M 3 25 mm Dyraba Poly. (Dyraba) 5 per. Mov. Avg. (Dyraba) Dyraba in Kirindi Oya- Adjacent Basin A reducing Trend with high variability after 197s 7
8 Climate Change Rainfall - Seasonal Trends Hambantota Oct March Maha Season High Variability Rainfall in mm Seasonal Rainfall Hambantota Met Maha Season (October to March) - Period Lat: 6.12N Log: 81.13E Ele: 15.5m / / / / / / / / /8 198/ / / / / / / / / /9 199/ / / / / / / / / / 2/1 April- Sept Yala Season A Reducing trend?? Rainfall in mm Seasonal Rainfall Hambantota Met - Lat: 6.12N Log: 81.13E Ele: 15.5m Yala Season (April to September) - Period Walawe River Flows before Uda- Walawe Reservoir A reducing trend has been there and can be due to many reasons 16 Seasonal River Runoff Walawe at Embilipitiya 12 MCM /43 46/47 5/51 54/55 58/59 62/63 66/67 Maha Yala 8
9 Warming Trend s where Average Temperature is 1oC above Average- Hambatota (Jayatillake & Droogers, 22) Warming - Forecasts Successive Warm s 1oC above normal Walawe (Jayatillake & Droogers, 22) 9
10 Drought Forecasts Successive Dry s (Jayatillake & Droogers, 22) Precipitation Forecasts Walawe Basin 3 Precipitation (mm y -1 ) HADCM3_A2 HADCM3_B2 ECHAM4_A2 ECHAM4_B Models show an increased Precipitation & generally high variability 1
11 Study 2 UN- World Water Assessment Programme Sri Lanka Case Study Sri Lanka s Temperature is rising at a rate much higher than the Global Average Rise.6oC Global Vs 1.6oC in Sri Lanka for 1 s. 11
12 Annual Rainfall Deviation from Mean A Reduction of around 7% in annual rainfall after 197s The Change has not been uniform over different Rainfall Seasons 7 Average Rainfall during Different Rainfall Seasons in periods & Rainfall mm First Inter MonsoonSouth-West Monsoon (Mar-Apr) (May-Sep) Second Inter- Monsoon (Oct-Nov) North-East Monsoon (Dec-Feb) 12
13 Highest Change in North-East Monsoon followed by FIM %Change of Seasonal Rainfall from to % 5% % Change % -5% -1% -15% -2% -25% First Inter Monsoon (Mar-Apr) South-West Monsoon (May- Sep) Second Inter- North-East Monsoon (Oct-Nov) Monsoon (Dec-Feb) Highest Variability too in NEM followed by FIM Stabilized SWM Coefficient of Variation 45% 4% 35% 3% 25% 2% 15% 1% 5% % Coefficient of Variation of Seasonal Rainfall - Periods & First Inter Monsoon (Mar-Apr) South-West Monsoon (May-Sep) Second Inter- North-East Monsoon Monsoon (Oct-Nov) (Dec-Feb) 13
14 Watersheds and the highest paddy producing areas are the worst affected Change in Rainfall mm District wise Change in Annual Mean Rainfall from to mm Colombo Matara Vavuniya Hambantota Kalutara Puttalam Galle Gampaha Mannar Ratnapura Trincomalee Jaffna Kilinochchi Anuradhapura Polonnaruwa Batticaloa Kurunegala Monaragala Mullaitivu Kegalle Nuwara Eliya Badulla Ampara Kandy Matale ud;f,a Examples Kirindi Oya Kirindi Oya - s of low cropping Weheragala Diversion to KO is to be commissioned this week 14
15 Some Adaptation Measures implemented Reduction in Land Preparation Period to 3-4 wks Adoption of Short Maturing Varieties Work From Approx: 4-4 ½ months varieties to 3 ½ Months varieties) Overall water issue period could be reduced to 4 months from 5 ½ months over time Water Issue Periods Maha Four Polonnaruwa Systems Days Fig.8a: Polonnaruwa Water Issue Periods Maha Seasons From 1994/95 - Intervention P.S.S Giritale Minneriya Kaudulla / / / / / /2 Kaudulla Minneriya Giritale Parakrama Samudra Cultivation 15
16 Water Savings - Maha Fig.1 Total Irrigation Issues in Maha Season Intervention PSS Giritale Minneriya Kaudulla /95 95/96 96/97 97/98 98/99 Cultivation Kaudulla Minneriya Giritale PSS Cropping Intensity Four Polonnaruwa Systems Cropping Intensity - Polonnaruwa Systems Cropping Intensity / / / / / / /2 2/21 21/22 MINNERIYA KAUDULLA P.S.S. GIRITALE 16
17 Schemes-Wise Cropping Intensity in Polonnaruwa Systems Kaudulla Minneriya Annual Cropping Intensity Annual Cropping Intensity Inter-connected Systems Operational complexity prevented water being diverted to Kaudulla in some years Age Group of Rice Cultivars - 22 others, 1% months, 1% 3 months, 26% 3.5 months, 63% 17
18 Interventions Examples - Kaltota Sheme Kalthota Annual Cropping Intensity Staggering of Season made the cropping intensity increased Rice Production Annual Paddy Production ' MT ' Metric Tons 3,5 3, 2,5 2, 1,5 1, Increase in paddy production after 1997/98 with increase of CI 18
19 Thank You for Your Attention. 19
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