Future Trends in Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Precise Positioning Applications

Transcription

1 Future Trends in Global Navigation Satellite Systems and Precise Positioning Applications Matt Higgins Manager Geodesy and Positioning Department of Natural Resources and Mines 1

2 Presentation Outline 1. The Dawn of the Multi-GNSS Era 2. Implications of Multi-GNSS 3. National Positioning Infrastructure 4. Queensland Positioning Infrastructure 5. Applications 2 2

3 Welcome to the Multi-GNSS Era 3 3

4 From 1 GPS to 4 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and 2 Regional Systems (RNSS) 4

5 USA: GPS 31 Healthy Satellites Baseline Constellation: Block IIA Satellites 12 Block IIR Satellites 7 Block IIR-M Satellites 2 Block IIF Satellites 3 additional satellites in residual status Next IIF launch scheduled October 2012 Global GPS civil service performance has been met continuously since December 1993 (Source: GPS.GOV, July 2012) 5

6 USA: GPS Modernisation and GPS-III (Source: GPS.GOV, July 2012) 6

7 USA: GPS Modernization New Signals (Source: GPS.GOV, July 2012) 7

8 Russia: GLONASS The Russian Federation continues on track to complete the GLONASS constellation in coming months; Russia is also progressing plans for transition to supplement their current FDMA signals with new CDMA signals (More interoperable with other systems); Russia s Space Based Augmentation System (SBAS) known as the System for Differential Correction and Monitoring (SDCM) also developing; Many precise positioning applications use GPS/GLONASS dual frequency receivers (i.e. use everything available Machine Guidance in Open Cut Mines is a lead application) (Source: ROSCOSMOS, ICG-6, September 2011) 8 8

9 SDCM - Russia s SBAS - Reference Station Network Current Network Planned Network 3 st. 2 st. 1 st. 0 st. (Source: ROSCOSMOS, ICG-6, September 2011) 9 9

10 Europe: Galileo Implementation Initial Operational Capability Early Services for OS, SAR, PRS Full Operational Capability All services, 30 satellites 2019/ (OS/SAR) 2016 (PRS) In-Orbit Validation IOV satellites plus ground segment 2011/2012 At least 18 out of a total of 30 satellites will be in orbit by the end of Galileo System Testbed v2 2 initial test satellites

11 China: Beidou Current Operational Satellites: 4GEO+5IGSO+2MEO 2012: 5GEO+5IGSO+4MEO(Regional Service) 2020: 5GEO+3IGSO+27MEO(Global Service) July, C10 C07 C12 C11 C05 C03 C01 C04 C09 C08 C (Source: Prof Shi Chuang, Director GNSS Research Center of Wuhan University presented at QUT, 9/8/2012) 11

12 SPP Performance of Current Constellation (Source: Prof Shi Chuang, Director GNSS Research Center Matt Higgins of - QSSC Wuhan Brisbane University September presented 2012 at QUT, 9/8/2012) 12

13 m Beidou baseline solutions compared to GPS 16.8 km 21.7 km 12.7 km 4.3 km 9 km 5.6 km WDKJ-CWKX(21.7km) 2hour sol. rms: N 6mm, E 6mm, U 12mm Beidou baseline static solutions compared to GPS Daily sol.rms: N 3mm, E 2mm,U 5mm WUHN-HBCS WDKJ-HBCS WUHN-WDKJ WUHN-CWKX HBCS-CWKX WDKJ-CWKX 4.3 km 5.6 km 9.0 km 12.7 km 16.8 km 21.7 km Baseline de dn du (Source: Prof Shi Chuang, Director GNSS Research Center of Wuhan University presented at QUT, 9/8/2012) 13

14 Japan s Quasi Zenith Satellite System 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% (Source: JAXA, ICG-6, September 2011) 14

15 (Source: JAXA, ICG-6, September 2011) 15

16 Correction Capabilities Built into Japan s QZSS 16

17 What does Multi-GNSS mean for Users? 17 17

18 More Satellites Constellations GPS, Galileo, Glonass, Compass, QZSS, WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS, GAGAN, IRNSS (Source Dempster, 2009) 18

19 More Signals E5b/B2b B3 E6 19

20 Better Signals Better signal structure, better multipath resistance better signal strength With large numbers of satellites, all with better signals and more precise orbits, Single Point Position accuracy will become much better The need for and role of add-on infrastructure will change It will be less about accuracy itself and more about reliability, traceability and sovereignty (Source: GPS World, March 2012) 20

21 Better Signals and More Signals on More Satellites Multiplier 1 Multiplier 2 Multiplier 3 21

22 More Satellites 22

23 The need to better handle Tectonic Motion WGS84 Australian Tectonic Plate s Velocity is 7cm/year North East Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 is a realisation of 23

24 This Problem will become more and more obvious to the user WGS84 Geocentric Datum of Australia 1994 is a realisation of 24

25 Intentional and Unintentional Jamming In late 2009 satellite-positioning receivers for a new navigation aid at Newark airport were suffering brief daily breaks in reception. It took two months for investigators to track down the problem: a driver who passed by on the New Jersey Turnpike each day had a cheap GPS jammer in his truck because he did not like his employer tracking his every move. ~ Illegal but needs to be watched. Extracted from The Economist, March 10, 2011 ( This is an issue no matter what signals, infrastructure and services we have! Then there is legitimately proposed jamming like recent Lightsquared issue in the USA. GPS community scored eventual victory over the Lightsquared threat but something like Lightsquared could happen anywhere in the world. 25

26 What is happening in Australia? 26 26

27 Developed by the Australian Spatial Consortium (Author was on the Working Group); Currently only Recommendations; Seen as contributions to a new Space Policy for Australia. 27

28 National Positioning Infrastructure (NPI) 28 28

29 The 3 Roles for NPI 1. Continuation of the traditional role of a Reference Frame (or Datum) under pinning Spatial Data Capture; 2. As a stable reference frame for measurement and monitoring of global processes such as sea level change and crustal motion; 3. Extension to a true infrastructure that underpins the explosion in industrial and mass market use of positioning technology. 29

30 NPI Concept as Part of a Broader Space Policy for Australia Senate Enquiry (Lost in Space?) 2008 Australian Government Response to Enquiry: Space Policy Unit (DIISRTE) Space Industry Innovation Council Principles of a National Space Industry Policy National Space Industry Policy Position, Navigation & Timing Earth Observations from Space Satellite Communications, including Broadband Space Interdepartmental Committee (IDC) (Source: Johnston and Hausler, March 2012) 30

31 Background Australia s NPI Plan Department of Resources, Energy & Tourism (DRET); Geoscience Australia; NPI Plan Terms of Reference; Principles of a National Space Industry Policy published; Request for Submission (1 ST half of 2012) ~ substantial submission from DNRM on behalf of Queensland Government; Strategic Framework for the NPI Plan; Instantaneous GNSS/RNSS positioning anywhere, anytime, with the highest possible accuracy and the highest possible integrity (Source: Johnston and Hausler, March 2012) 31

32 Future NPI Should be Uniform Accurate Reliable Continuous Coherent Compatible Integrated (Source: Johnston and Hausler, March 2012) 32

33 Below NPI - Network RTK is Growing Network of Tier 3 Continuously Operating Reference Stations placed at a spacing of 70km covering the area of interest; Feeding data to a Control Centre that processes the data and computes corrections that are sent to the users GNSS receiver; Requires communications for gathering data from the Reference Stations and delivering corrections back to users; Better reference station coverage and reliable data communications improve productivity compared to single station approach; Network coverage is growing in many areas. 33

34 Positioning Infrastructure in Queensland 16 AuScope Tier 2 CORS will be operating by December 2012; 20 in total by early 2013; 10 SunPOZ Tier 3 CORS continuing in south east Queensland; Legal Traceability for all these DNRM CORS (Reg13 Certificates from GA); DNRM is continuing to work with Ergon Energy on their Tier 3 coverage plans for the rest of the state; Fitzroy Basin Association developing a 30+ station network to come online during 2013; Working with various commercial operators to ensure Datum and Traceability of their CORS. 34

35 AuScope Sites Building Housing Receivers and Data Connections etc Meteorological Sensors AuScope Pillar Second Pillar suitable for parallel testing of Multi-GNSS Equipment 35

36 pwc Study on Positioning Infrastructure for Queensland Executive Summary; Report 1 - The case of modernisation of the current positioning infrastructure; Report 2 - Business Case for Ergon Energy to invest in positioning infrastructure; Report 3 - Review of the economic and social benefits of a unified positioning infrastructure for Queensland; 36

37 Positioning Infrastructure PwC found a compelling case for Queensland to adopt an infrastructure approach; Investment in infrastructure for precise positioning and timing may generate a benefit cost ratio in the range of 2.7 to 6.7, depending on the level of network coverage and the degree of take-up of precise positioning services; DNRM and Ergon Energy should work together to provide a unified infrastructure across Queensland; Proposal for 600+ CORS is before Ergon Board decision early 2012; DNRM will play Specify role for Quality Control. Shading is where Ergon substations are less than 70km apart ~ enabling Network RTK Will be a backbone which others can build on Some urban areas have very high density of CORS 37 37

38 Ergon Prototype Sensor Stations As well as GNSS CORS; Lightning Detection/ categorisation/ intensity; Humidity; Ambient Temperature; Rainfall accumulation/ intensity; Wind speed/direction; Solar Intensity

39 Ergon/DERM Collaboration in Higgins Organisational Model 39 39

40 Locata Beyond GNSS Locata: An Australian-designed, terrestrial, GNSS-like technology able to: Augment GNSS (e.g. open-cut mines) or; Replace GNSS (e.g. vulnerable apps) or; Be used where GNSS never could operate (e.g. indoors); Within coverage area of local transmitter network. (Source: Rizos, 2012) June 2012 Sole-source contract from US Air Force to cover > 2,500 sq. miles White Sands Missile Base as truth when jamming GPS 40

41 Leica + Locata - Application in Open Cut Mine (Source: Rizos, 2012) 41

42 Applications Testing 42 42

43 SunPOZ - Testing of Different Triangle Sizes Triangles at approx 70km (recommended maximum) then at double and triple that size) (Source: Wang C., Y. Feng, M.B. Higgins and B. Cowie, 2010 ~ 43

44 Testing of Different Triangle Sizes Leica Rovers used during the test. Each is connected with individual NextG modem and to a common GNSS antenna via the splitter; Generated 4 solution types for each of the 3 triangles: imax - generated using Leica Spider via SmartNet; MAX - generated using Leica Spider via SmartNet; VRS - generated using Leica Spider via SmartNet (referred to as LVRS); VRS - generated using Trimble GPSNet via SunPOZ (referred to as SVRS). (Source: Wang, Feng, Higgins and Cowie, 2010) 44

45 Testing of Different Triangle Sizes Ten RTK initializations were performed for each of the three rovers for each of the four solution types and at each of the five permanent survey marks; All initializations were triggered simultaneously and the initialization time was recorded along with RTK solutions each second for 60 seconds following the receiver reporting that the ambiguities were fixed. (Source: Wang, Feng, Higgins and Cowie, 2010) 45

46 Network RTK Accuracy 2D (N-E) Stat. 1D (H) Stat. 3D (N-E-H) Stat. 68% 95% 68% 95% 68% 95% IMAX_Tri# IMAX_Tri# IMAX_Tri# MAX_Tri# MAX_Tri# MAX_Tri# LVRS_Tri# LVRS_Tri# LVRS_Tri# SVRS_Tri# SVRS_Tri# SVRS_Tri# Tri#1 = 70km Spacing Tri#2 = 140km Tri#3 = 210km Note: These results are from multiple occupations where data was logged for 60 seconds after initialisation. (Source: Wang, Feng, Higgins and Cowie, 2010) 46

47 Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS) Use of Positioning in Vehicles is going from Passive to Active... from simple navigation to information about traffic to warnings about hazards to actively avoiding hazards. (Source: G. McDonald, Qld DTMR) 47

48 Department of Natural Resources and Mines Thanks for your attention