Kingdom Protista *members of this kingdom are grouped together because they do not fit into other kingdoms
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1 Kingdom Protista *members of this kingdom are grouped together because they do not fit into other kingdoms Plant-like Protists (Algae) Animal-like Protists (Protozoa) Fungus-like Protists photosynthetic autotrophs* heterotrophs heterotrophs Unicellular Euglenophyta - ex. euglena* Chrysophyta - ex. diatoms Pyrrophyta - ex. dinoflagellates Multicellular Chlorophyta - ex. ulva (sea lettuce) Phaeophyta - ex. kelp Rhodophyta - ex. Irish moss Sarcodina - ex. amoeba Ciliophora - ex. paramecium Zoomastigophora - ex. trypanosome Sporozoa - ex. plasmodium Myxomycota - slime molds Oomycota - water molds Title: Apr 28 9:14 PM (1 of 16)
2 Plant-like Protists (Algae) Unicellular Title: Apr 29 9:33 PM (2 of 16)
3 Phylum Euglenophyta Representative: Euglena rounded anterior, pointed posterior hard outside covering called pellicle cytoplasm: clear ectoplasm, dense endoplasm live in fresh water contractile vacuole to remove excess water Food Getting: have chloroplasts for photosynthesis also absorb nutrients by diffusion Movement: flagellum in front to draw through water euglenoid mvmt: shorten and extend body Reproduction: asexually by binary fission form dormant cyst in unfavorable conditions Response to Stimuli: light: eyespot detects light, move twds it water: if pond dries up, forms cyst Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (3 of 16)
4 pond sample euglenoid movement binary fission cysts Title: Apr 29 6:44 AM (4 of 16)
5 Phylum Chrysophyta Representative: Diatoms fresh water and salt water most imp/abundant primary producers in aquatic env body structure: two halves called valves valves fit like top and bottom of shoe box valves are made of silica (sand, glass component) mined and used as abrasive in polishes, toothpaste... Movement: do not move on own; flow with currents Reproduction: asexually by binary fission til too small valves separate, each forms new one inside Food Getting: have chromoplasts for photosynthesis also absorb nutrients by diffusion sexually by release and union of gametes gametes have two flagella so swim + unite zygote (fert. egg) that forms devs into adult Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (5 of 16)
6 Phylum Pyrrophyta Representative: dinoflagellates another imp food source for aquatic animals protective coat of cellulose plates phosphorescent - release a small amt light in high numbers, appear as "red tide" can produce toxins ~ kill shellfish / poison people Movement: two flagella - one spins it, one a rudder Reproduction: mainly asexually by binary fission sexually in certain circumstances Food Getting: have chloroplasts for photosynthesis also absorb nutrients by diffusion Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (6 of 16)
7 Plant-like Protists (Algae) Seaweeds - Multicellular Title: Apr 29 10:55 PM (7 of 16)
8 Phylum Chlorophyta (Green Algae) Representatives: volvox spirogyra ulva (sea lettuce) the most plant-like algae same chlorophyll, cell walls of cellulose, store starch most live in fresh water and are multicellular Movement: leaf like part called thallus (if multicellular) depends on form: ulva floats, volvox flagella show alteration of generations (sexual + asexual stages) Food Getting: have chloroplasts for photosynthesis also absorb nutrients by diffusion Reproduction: asexually by fragmentation, spores, cell division sexually if unfavorable to form zygospore Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (8 of 16)
9 Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) Phylum Rhodophyta (Red Algae) ex. Irish moss, dulse ex. kelp, rockweed Note: most imp economically - source of agar, carrageen What do they have in common? multicellular algae photosynthetic autotrophs aquatic leaflike part called thallus anchored to rocks by "root-like" holdfast show alternation of generations (asexual and sexual stages in life cycle) harvested for use as fertilizer Title: Apr 29 7:18 AM (9 of 16)
10 Animal-like Protists (Protozoa) * separated into phyla based primarily on method of locomotion Title: Apr 29 7:18 AM (10 of 16)
11 Phylum Sarcodina Representative: Amoeba no cell wall or pellicle; no fixed shape cytoplasm: clear ectoplasm, dense endoplasm finger-like projections called pseudopods live at bottom of fresh water bodies contractile vacuole to remove excess water Food Getting: phagocytosis; pseudopods engulf food ~ vacuole lysosomes fuse with vacuole, enzymes digest food Movement: extends pseudopods in direction wishes to go "amoeboid movement" Reproduction: asexually by binary fission Response to Stimuli: light: do not like light, move to pond bottom Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (11 of 16)
12 Phylum Ciliophora - "Ciliated Protozoa" Representative: Paramecium most highly advanced of animal-like protists have stiff pellicle, fixed slipper shape cytoplasm: clear ectoplasm, dense endoplasm definite mouth on oral side indent called oral groove (mouth at end of groove) contractile vacuole to expel excess water Food Getting: predators - go out in search for food shoot dart-like trichocysts to paralyze prey (+ defence) use cilia to sweep food into oral groove + mouth food passes through short gullet into food vacuole lysosomes fuse with vacuole and enzymes digest food undigested material out anal spot Movement: surface covered with cilia; beat to move speed > euglena which > amoeba Reproduction: asexually by binary fission sexually by conjugation Response to Stimuli: light: no preference (all water levels) touch: trichocysts shoot out ~ touch Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (12 of 16)
13 Phylum Zoomastigophora - "Flagellated Protozoa" Representative: trypanosome aquatic picked up by biting insects and spreads disease causes African Sleeping Sickness ~ tsetse fly Movement: flagellum undulating membrane Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (13 of 16)
14 Phylum Sporozoa Representative: plasmodium parasites complex life cycles with sporozoite stage picked up by biting insects and spread disease causes malaria ~ mosquito Movement: flagellum Title: Apr 29 6:26 AM (14 of 16)
15 Fungus-like Protists Phylum Myxomycota - Slime Molds Phylum Oomycota - Water Molds tiny slug-like organisms creep over damp, decaying plant material "streaming blob" cytoplasm streams through skeleton-like tubules appear so resemble fungi in this way Food Getting: most are (feed on dead organic matter) engulf food by phagocytosis Reproduction: sexually by formation of (like some fungi) these produce haploid spores ~ dry conditions unite to form zygote when damp again Title: Apr 29 7:18 AM (15 of 16)
16 Book Questions: 7, 9, 11-13, 15, Q1: Describe what a slime mold is, why it is named that, and why it is considered a member of Kingdom Protista. Q2: List some ways in which the paramecium is more advanced than other protists. Title: Apr 29 11:00 PM (16 of 16)
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