Geothermal Developments in Hungary

Transcription

1 Essen, November 2014 Geothermal Developments in Hungary János Szanyi, Balázs Kóbor, Tamás Medgyes University of Szeged, Hungary Geothermal Communities is a project of the CONCERTO initiative co-founded by the European Commission within the FP7 1

2 Outline Geological and hydrogeological settings Legislation Overwiev of the geothermal sector High entalpy; electricity Deep geothermal; district heating Shallow geothermal; GSHP Financial data of the projects Future plans 2

3 Crustal thickness map of the Pannonian basin (km) (Horváth et al. 2014) 3

4 Heat flow map (mw/m 2 ) (based on Sanner, B., 2008) (Dövényi, P., Horváth, F., 1988) Szeged 4

5 Temperature at 5000 m depth ( o C) 5

6 Topographic map of the basement

7 Felsı pannóniai korú képzıdmények vastagság térképe 7

8 Mesozoic karstic aquifers with wells 1: reservoirs below the surface; 2: their recharge areas (Horváth et al. 2014) 8

9 The licensing system Duna Tisza Q Pa 2 Pa 1 Pre-Pa 2500 m No concession zone (water low) Concession zone (mining low)

10 Legislation legal uncertainty Reinjection Reinjection of thermal waters has not (!) been required by the Hungarian legislation since 2013 Feed-in tariff Electricity production up to 20 MW capacity: - peak: HUF/kWh ( 12.0 c/kwh) - off-peak: HUF/kWh ( 10.8 c/kwh) - deep off-peak: HUF/kWh ( 4.4 c/kwh) 10

11 Pressure elevation profile 1000 Algyő Szeged P(z) area profilja pressure nyomás (MPa) γ din =9,9785 (MPa/km) elevation mélység (mbf) a.s.l.) γ din =10,3751 (MPa/km) γ din =20,5931 (MPa/km) γ st =9,8067 (MPa/km) 11

12 Locations of thermal wells Wells in sandstone Wells in carbonate 12

13 The calculated drawdown at the bottom of the Upper Pannonian sequences (Tóth, 2009) 13

14 Optimal use of thermal water Only the recharged amount should be taken out 14

15 Geothermal production: Electricity Up to now there are no electric power plants established on geothermal resources, but several investors are interested in prospecting for high enthalpy geothermal reservoirs for electric power generation. At least 10 feasibility studies have been done on the use of geothermal energy for electricity production. Source: Well test in Iklódböröce (Kujbus 2007) The best geological units for these purposes are mezozoic karstified and fractured carbonatic aquifers in the basement. Moreover there are some really god places for applying EGS technology. 15

16 Location of borholes above 150 o C in Hungary (Dövényi-Tóth 2008) 16

17 Concession tender (Hungarian Office for Mining and Geology, 2014) Hydrocarbon Geothermal Source: Well test in Iklódböröce (Kujbus 2007) 17

18 Geothermal production: Direct heat (Tóth 2009) The annual thermal water production was around 85 Million m 3. (Hungarian Geological Survey 2002) The theoretical total thermal power capacity of these wells is 1,513 MW t. The effective utilized geothermal energy can be estimated at a level of 615 MW t. This obtains an assumed load factor of 40 %. The estimated thermal power applied in the field of: bathing and swimming 272 MW t agricultural 212 MW t district and space heating 119 MW t other users 12 MW t Heat exchanger in Hódmezővásárhely The growth is slowed in the last few years

19 First steps of a geothermal project 19

20 The geothermal project of the University of Szeged 20

21 Geothermal cascade system in the city center Investment: 6.6 million Yearly profit: 0.45 million

22 Sites of the geothermal project in the city center

23 Parameters of the downtown geothermal circle Construction of the 4.4 MW th project 1 production well (1995 m) 2 injection wells (1350 m; 1750 m) pipe line ~ 3300 m 25 new heating centres Online PLC control system Outcomes of the project Produced geothermal energy: GJ/y Natural gas reduction: m 3 /y CO 2 reduction: t/y Spending on investment: Investment/produced energy: /kw) Specific investment of CO 2 reduction: /t Maintenance cost: /y

24 Geothermal cascade system in New-Szeged Investment: 4.2 million Yearly profit: 0.37 million

25 Sites of the geothermal project in New-Szeged

26 Parameters of the New-Szeged geothermal circle Construction of the 4.5 MW th project 1 production well (2000 m) 2 injection wells (1250 m; 1700 m) pipe line ~ 4400 m 12 new heating centres Online PLC control system Outcomes of the project Produced geothermal energy: GJ/y Natural gas reduction: m 3 /y CO 2 reduction: t/y Spending on investment: Investment/produced energy: 860 /kw) Specific investment of CO 2 reduction: /t Maintenance cost: /y

27 Main parameters of ongoing projects Mórahalom Szeged University Csongrád Makó Produced geothermal energy (GJ/y) Natural gas reduction (m 3 /y) CO2 reduction (t/y) Spending on investment ( ) Investment/produced energy( /GJ) Maintenance cost ( /y) Pay-back (y)

28 Pannergy project in Miskolc 2 production wells (Q 1 =85 l/s T 1 =98 o C; Q 2 =80 l/s T 2 =89 o C) 3 injection wells 60 MW th installed capacity 28

29 Geothermal production: GSHP Geothermal heat pump sector has shown static or falling consumption in Hungary since The installed capacity is about 50 MW t. The actual number of installed units is more than 6,000. The largest unit was installed in Budapest of 1MW t with 180 BHE. Source: Well test in Iklódböröce (Kujbus 2007) Source: GHP system of Pannon GSM (Ádám-Tóth 2011) 29

30 Estimated number of installed heat pumps (Hungarian Heat Pump Association, 2013) GSHP (piece) Year

31 The source of heating energy in Hungary (EurObserv ER 2013) Natural gas 340 PJ (9.3 million m 3 ) Deep geothermal 4.5 PJ Solar energy 0.25 PJ Biomass 41.9 PJ Biogas 0.75 PJ Heat pumps 0.08 PJ All together 387 PJ, 12% of which is renewable.

32 Future plans (Hungarian Thermalenergy Association) Geothermal heating projects Piece/year MW/piece PJ/year Costs of realization (Million euro/year) State and EU funding (Million euro/year) Deep geothermal district heating systems Large heat pump systems Residential heat pump systems (4.5/piece) (0.25/piece) ,000 0, (0.01/piece) 50 All together / year 10, All together in 40 years 401, ,000 3,000

33 A possible scenario for the heating energy market in Hungary in 40 (maybe 30) years from now Heat-demand after energetic retrofitting of buildings: 287 PJ/year. Geothermal (deep and shallow, including heat pumps) PJ Solar energy 0.25 PJ Biomass PJ Natural gas 39 PJ (1.15 M m3)- 88.5% decline Share of renewables: 86.5%

34 Cheer up! 34