Benchmarking and Commissioning - Experiences in Federal Buildings

Transcription

1 Benchmarking and Commissioning - Experiences in Federal Buildings Dr.-Ing. Olaf Böttcher - Commissioner for Energy in Federal Buildings - Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) within the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR) Folie 1

2 German Building Sector and Polical Objectives and Measures Folie 2

3 The German Building Sector - Energy consumption and Emissions Mechanical Energy Lighting Heating Building sector: about 40 % of the total final-energy consumption in Germany 2007 final-energy consumption: about PJ Industry (28,4 %) Tertiary sector (25,7 %) Households (25,7 %) about 15 % of the total greenhouse gas emissions in Germany DHW Traffic (30,3 %) Process Heating All data in % source: FFE; Forschungsstelle für Energiewirtschaft Folie 3

4 The German Building Sector - Building stock ,63 number of buildings in mio. (a total of appr. 17,5 mio. residential buildings) Building sector: Residential Buildings about 66 % of the building related total final-energy consumption 6 4 3,54 Non-residential Buildings about 33 % of the building related total final-energy consumption WE 2 WE source: BMVBS 3 WE 1,5 0,9 0,46 0,24 0,49 0,14 0,31 0,11 0,15 0,04 0,09 0,2 4 WE 5 WE 6 WE 7 WE WE = flat 8 WE 9 WE 10 WE 11 WE 12 WE > 12 WE nonresidential buildings about 75 % of the buildings were erected before 1977 (1 st Thermal Insulation Ordinance) The refurbishment-rate is about 1 %/a. Folie 4

5 Political Parameters - European Level Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (2010/31/EU) since to execute for residential and non-residential buildings to execute for new buildings and for refurbishments of existing buildings Requirements to: a minimum standard of energy efficiency for certain technical systems in buildings (Heating, Ventilation, ) the energetical standard of the building envelope of new buildings others Nearly Zero Energy Building There is a special responsibility in public building sector! Folie 5

6 Political Parameters - National Level (1/2) Energy Saving Act Energy Saving Ordinance since to execute for residential and non-residential buildings to execute for new buildings and for refurbishments of existing buildings Requirements to: Annual demand of primary energy Energetical performance of the building envelope or single parts of the building envelope Certification of the energy demand or the energy consumption others There is a special responsibility in public building sector! Folie 6

7 Policy Measures in the Building Sector - Laws and Ordinances Tightening of requirements to the energy demand of new buildings source: BMVBS st Thermal Insulation Ordinance st Energy Saving Ordinance ??? Requirements for room heating [kwh / m² x a] 50 35? 15 Folie 7

8 Political Parameters - National Level (2/2) Renewable Energies Heat Act since to execute for residential and non-residential buildings to execute for new buildings in general, but also for refurbishments of existing buildings in public building sector Requirements to the coverage of the energy demand for heating by using renewable energies: solar thermal energy minimum share of 15 % Heat pumps minimum share of 50 % others The requirements of the Renewable Energies Heat Act are fulfilled too, if there is a certain undercut of the requirements of the Energy Saving Ordinance. There is a special responsibility in public building sector! Folie 8

9 Policy Measures in the German Building Sector - Laws and Ordinances Measures to reduce the energy demand in Buildings General Federal Buildings WSVO Modification Modification Modification Modification EnEV EnEV EnEV EnEV EnEV HeizAnlVO I II III IV EEWärmeG Establishment of a Commissioner for Energy in Federal Buildings Guide for Sustainable Buildings Forced Monitoring of the Energy Consumption Certification of the Energy Demand Folie 9

10 Commissioner for Energy in Federal Buildings Tasks: Minimization of the energy demand/consumption in Federal Buildings Optimization of the energy supply concepts in Federal Buildings Broad use of renewable energies Monitoring of assorted Federal Buildings in the first years of operation Certification of the Energy Demand regarding to EnEV for assorted Federal Buildings Consultation of the Ministry in questions of energy-saving in Buildings Folie 10

11 Commissioner for Energy in Federal Buildings Methods: Activities in Federal Building Projects Definition of the specific energetic aims Participation in meetings Consultation of the building owner Preparation of assessments to the achieved energetic quality in the different planning steps Monitoring of innovative systems (technical and structural) Monitoring of the Energy Consumption in assorted Federal Buildings Folie 11

12 Certification of the Energy Demand - Balance Method Balance Method: DIN V Processes: only non-residential buildings Heating DHW mechanical Ventilation Cooling Lighting Folie 12

13 Certification of the Energy Demand - Reference Building Building Building envelope Reference Building regarding to the Energy Saving Ordinance Building envelope ref. Ventilation Heating DHW Lighting Cooling Ventilation reference Heating reference DHW reference Lighting reference Cooling reference Usage profiles New Building Q P Q P Q P, max Q P,max = Q P,ref Refurbishment Q P has to be compared with Q P,ref + 40% Folie 13

14 Benchmarks in Federal Buildings in Berlin - Energy Demand Certification of the energy demand in assorted Federal Buildings 0 % - 10 % - 20 % - 30 % - 40 % - 50 % - 60 % - 70 % - 80 % - 90 % % Folie 14 Bundespräsidialamt BMBF, Neubau Bundeskanzleramt Auswärtiges Amt, Neubau DBT, Jakob-Kaiser- Haus BMVBS, Bauteil D Schloss Bellevue DBT, Reichstagsgebäude BMVBS, Bauteil A Undercut Unterschreitung of the requirements der EnEV-Anforderung of the Energy Saving (EnEV Ordinance 2007) % in % BMELV, Altbau HT' QP' neu new errichtet Buildings sanierter refurbished Bestandsbau Buildings Mean undercut of the requirements of the Energy Saving Ordinance (2007): -Annual primary energy demand: - 50 % (new buildings) -45 % (refurbishment) -Specific heat transfer coefficient (transmission): - 55 % (new building) -40 % (refurbishment)

15 UBA Dessau - Energetical aspects Folie 15

16 Results and Experiences - Federal Buildings UBA Dessau built gross volume m³ gross floor area m² costs approx. 68 Mio. staff approx. 800 Photo: Busse Aerial view - Main Building Inside view - Forum (Photo: Dr. Günter Löhnert) Folie 16

17 UBA Dessau - Concept for Energy Supply Adsorption Chiller Compression Chiller Oil Electricity Free Cooling PV Gas Ground to Air Heat Exchanger Solar Heat District Heat Heat Recovery Folie 17

18 UBA Dessau - Metering and Analysis concept (Energy consumption - total) Heat meter (33 pcs.) Electric meter (125 pcs.) Folie 18

19 UBA Dessau - Metering and Analysis concept (Results of Monitoring) Mai'05 - April'06 Jan'06 - Dez'06 Jan'07 - Dez'07 Jan'08 - Dez'08 specific spezifischer annual final-energy Endenergieverbrauch consumption in kwh/m² UBA gesamt Hauptgebäude Hörsaal Bibliothek (Altbau) Kantine Wörlitzer Bahnhof UBA gesamt Hauptgebäude Kantine Wörlitzer Bahnhof Heating Wärme (HZG) Electricity Strom The ambitious objectives from the planning phase were achieved in practice. 2008: Annual primary energy demand Q P < 100 kwh/(m² NGF a) Folie 19

20 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building Folie 20

21 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - Strategy Production of Energy (using renewables energy sources) 2 Plus-Energy-Building Net Zero-Energy-Building Conventional Building Strategy: 1. Minimize the demand of energy 2. Optimize the coverage of the minimized demand of energy by a broad use of renewable energies 1 Demand of Energy Folie 21

22 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building -Facts Objective: Erection of a Zero-Energy-Building for purposes of a Federal Institution Location: Berlin Use: Office Building Occupancy: about 30 Persons Area: about m² net floor area Costs: about 3 Mio. in total Funding: The funding is intended by financial resources of a special programme for the energetical refurbishment of Federal Buildings (about 2 Mio. ) and by financial resources from the budget of the Federal Institution (about 1 Mio. ). Folie 22

23 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building -Examplesformeasures Building Envelope (U-Values): External Wall: 0,09 W/(m²K) Roof: 0,08 W/(m²K) Bottom Slab: 0,11 W/(m²K) Windows: 0,80 W/(m²K) Technical Systems: Lighting: electronic ballast control depending on presence and daylight Ventilation: high efficient fans minimal pressure losses in the air-system Auxiliary Energy: controlled, high efficient pumps Equipment: high level of energy efficiency Folie 23

24 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - Energy Supply Concept Free Cooling Electricity (Public Supplier, Battery) Ground water PV Heat Pump Heat Recovery Solar Heat Folie 24

25 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - Energy Balance (Electricity) Cooling Kühlung Hilfsstrom Auxiliary current / zentrale / central Dienste services Heizung Heating and + WW DHW Cooling Kühlung 2% 2% Auxiliary Hilfsstrom current / / central zentrale services Dienste 11% Lüftung Ventilation Office Büroausstattung equipment 33% 33% Heating Heizung + and WWDHW 12% 12% kwh/a PV PV Beleuchtung Ligthing sonst. Other equipment Geräte Other sonst. equipment Geräte 4% 4% Lüftung Ventilation 14% 14% Beleuchtung Lighting 24% Office Büroausstattung equipment Folie 25

26 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - cost assessment comparison with other projects (EnOB) Primaryenergydemand[kWh/(m² net floor area a)] Costs, net KG [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB net costs (structural design and civil engineering) [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB Result: The improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings does not cause obligatorly higher costs. Folie 26

27 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - cost assessment comparison with other projects (EnOB) Primaryenergydemand[kWh/(m² net floor area a)] Costs, net KG [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB and own calculations net costs (structural design and civil engineering) [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB and own calculations Result: From the economical point of view the achieved status of the project (Summer 2010) is not optimal. Folie 27

28 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - cost assessment elements of building envelope 300% external wall 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% bottom slab roof windows Folie 28 Null-E-Haus 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] 0% EnEV-Niveau EnEV -20% EnEV -30% EnEV -50% Null-E-Haus EnEV-Niveau EnEV -20% EnEV -30% EnEV -50% Null-E-Haus 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] 0% 0% EnEV-Niveau EnEV -20% EnEV -30% EnEV -50% Null-E-Haus EnEV-Niveau EnEV -20% EnEV -30% EnEV -50%

29 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - cost assessment optimizated roof construction 350% annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] 300% 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% 0% EnEV-Niveau 300% EnEV -20% EnEV -30% EnEV -50% Null-E-Haus The requiered slope of the roof was realised by the insulation. Due to the optimisation of the construction of the roof considerable reductions of the costs for the roof could be realised. annuitätische Kosten [ % EnEV-Niveau ] 250% 200% 150% 100% 50% The energetical quality of the roof was not changed. 0% EnEV-Niveau EnEV -20% Null-E-Haus optimiert EnEV -30% EnEV -50% Null-E-Haus The requiered slope of the roof was realised by a wooden construction. Folie 29

30 Pilot Project Zero-Energy-Building - cost assessment comparison with other projects (EnOB) Primaryenergydemand[kWh/(m² net floor area a)] Costs, net KG [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB and own calculations net costs (structural design and civil engineering) [ /m² gross floor area ] Source: EnOB and own calculations Result: The decisions in the planning process have an important influence on costs. Folie 30

31 Summary The public building sector has a special responsibility in the field of energy efficiency and the protection of the climate. The Federal Government does accept this special responsibility. The German Government has started a lot of activities to reduce the energy demand in buildings at an early stage. In Germany there are National Regulations for the energy demand in residential and non-residential buildings. The National Regulations are adjusted in time regarding to the European Regulations. There are continuative regulations for Federal Buildings: Commissioner for energy in Federal Buildings Guideline for Sustainable Building A pilot project Zero-Energy-Building has started. In the project the total annual energy demand of a federal building is totally covered by renewable energies. Folie 31

32 Thanks for your attention! Folie 32