A Brief History of the Grape and Its Uses. Dr. S. Kaan Kurtural N 308D Dept. Horticulture University of Kentucky
|
|
- Edward Owen Ray
- 7 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 A Brief History of the Grape and Its Uses Dr. S. Kaan Kurtural N 308D Dept. Horticulture University of Kentucky skkurt2@uky.edu
2 I. Introduction 1. History and Importance
3 Definitions Definition Viticulture: of Latin origin Vitis: Grapevine Oenology: of Greek origin Oenos: wine
4 1.a. History Cultivation began during Neolithic era ( BC) BC viticulture extends from Transcaucasia to Asia Minor, through Fertile Crescent to the Nile Delta By 1700 BC King Hammurabi of Babylon establishes rules of wine trade
5 Figure 1. Origins of cultivation
6 The Grapevine in Europe ca BC Hittites migrate from Anatolia to Crete, Bosporus to Thrace. Greeks and Phoenicians extend grapevine culture to Carthage, Sicily, southern Italy, Spain and France
7 Figure 2. Migration of the grapevine
8 Figure 3. Migration of the grapevine westward
9 Figure 5. Migration of the grapevine from Greece onward
10 Grapevine in Europe Under the influence of the Roman Empire viticulture spread throughout Europe through the valley of Rhine and into Germany
11 Grapevine in the Middle Ages and on AD fall of the Roman Empire Viticulture and wine making in monasteries Drinking wine outgrew religious associations and entrenched in culture as a social custom Viticulture grew steadily from 16 th to 19 th century.
12 1.b. Importance Integral part of human society Most important fruit crop grown in the world
13 Table 1. World Statistics 1999 Country Acres(x1000) Rank Wine (Million gallons) France Italy Spain USA Argentina Germany Australia South Africa Portugal Turkey Rank
14 Figure 6. Grape Acreage in 2002, USDA
15 Figure 7. Grape Production in 2002, USDA
16 2. Uses Many uses Fresh fruit Dried fruit Fresh grape juice Concentrated grape juice Wine Distilled liquors Grapeseed oils Anthocyanin pigments Ethanol production
17 Focus on uses 1) Table grapes Account for <12% of total production Ten largest producing countries Italy (17%), Russia (14%), Turkey (12%), Spain (6%), USA (5%), Bulgaria (5%), Japan (5%), Greece (4%), Brazil (3%) and France (3%). Mainly consumed in countries grown Fruit highly perishable, transportation costs are high therefore only 14% exported. Per capita consumption 10kg In Europe and N. America fresh grape consumption represents 5% of the annual fresh fruit consumption
18 Focus on uses 2) Dried fruit Raisin Seedless cultivars of Thompson seedless and Black Corinth (currants). World-wide production 700,000 metric tonnes. 4 tonnes of fresh grapes yield 1 tonne of raisins. Limited to latitudes 30N and 39N in northern hemisphere and 28S and 36S in the southern hemisphere. Varities require high temperatures for inflorescence formation and high yields. Also, hot dry weather require for drying.
19 Focus on uses 3) Wine World production megaliters Little change in area devoted to wine grape production in last 20 years A decline in viticulture in France, Spain and Algeria has been balanced by an increase in Russia, China and Australasia. World wine production increased 35% since Europe (Italy, France, Spain and Russia) accounts for 80% of total world production. Main consumers of wine are the producing countries. About 14% of wine is exported. In some countries large quantities are distilled to produce spirits (cognac, armagnac, brandy, ouzo, raki, arak) to control the market.
20 3. Classification Family: Vitaceae 11 genera, about 600 species Genus: Vitis Only food bearing genus in the family Habit: Woody liana (climbing vine)
21 Genus: Vitis Woody, perennial deciduous vines that have tendrils many opposite leaves Flowers are pentamerous flowers and parts thereof. Leaves are simple and palmately lobed.
22 Figure 7. Grape flower
23 Grape flower/infructescence
24 Figure 8. Grape leaf
25 Genus Vitis and its subgenera Vitis Euvitis 2n=38 Muscadinia 2n=40
26 Differences between Euvitis and Muscadinia Euvitis Muscadinia Lenticels Absent Present Tendrils Forked Simple Seeds Ovoid-shaped Oblong-shaped Pith Discontinuous Continuous Phloem fibers Tangential Radial Specific gravity of the wood Number of species identified <1 > Ripening Even ripening Extended maturation Cluster architecture Elongated clusters w/ wings Small clusters
27 Pith differences Euvitis Muscadinia Diaphragm
28 Major species 1) Native American species Characteristics Cold hardy Disease resistant Fruits have lower sugars, higher acids and berries are slip-skin About 30 species have been identified V. labrusca, V. aestivalis, V. riparia, V.berlandieri
29 2) European species Characteristics Cold tender Longer growing season w/ dry summers and low relative humidity, free of rain Susceptible to many of the diseases About 5000 species have been identified Limited between 20N and 51N in the northern hemisphere. 70% of production in Europe
30 European species Cabernet Franc Viognier
31 3) French-American hybrids Characteristics Selected for tolerance to phylloxera Tolerance to many of the fungal diseases of N. American origin Cold hardy Overbearers Interspecific crosses between many native American species and V. vinifera
32 French-American hybrids Chambourcin Chardonel
33 French-American hybrids cont. French-American hybrids from France Chambourcin Seyval Vidal Blanc Chancellor Vignoles Villard Blanc American French hybrids from the US Chardonnel Cayuga White Traminette
34 4. Muscadine grapes Characteristics Musky flavour Disease and insect immune Long flowering period (May to June) Small clusters, large seeds Berries tend to shatter due to uneven ripening 200 day growing season Three species identified Requires a moderate climate FL, MS, LA, NC
35 Kentucky Viticulture Industry
Surface area of vineyards worldwide
O.I.V.1 IL MERCATO MONDIALE DEL VINO: SFIDE E OPPORTUNITA Fondazione Mach San Michele all Adige 9 gennaio 15 federico@castellucciconsulting.eu Area under vines Vitiviniculturalproduction potential: the
More informationO4W1602APP780 WSET Diploma Online
O4W1602APP780 WSET Diploma Online Examinations The examinations attached to your course are as follows: Unit 2 23 January 2016 Tutorial Days 2 3 April 2016 Unit 1 (Case Study) 14 June 2016 10:30 11:45am
More informationHorticulture Information Leaflet 8202
Department of Horticultural Science Horticulture Information Leaflet 8202 Revised 1/95 -- Author Reviewed 4/98 BUNCH GRAPES IN THE HOME GARDEN E. B. Poling, Extension Horticultural Specialist Distributed
More informationA Quick Start Guide to Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon Patty Skinkis, Ph.D.
A Quick Start Guide to Establishing a Vineyard in Oregon Patty Skinkis, Ph.D. When thinking of starting a vineyard, many questions come to mind: Would my land be suitable for growing grapes? What types
More informationGLOBAL ECONOMIC VITIVINICULTURE DATA. With a slight rise of 2% compared with the previous year, world wine production in 2015 is at a good average.
Paris, 28 October 2015 GLOBAL ECONOMIC VITIVINICULTURE DATA 2015 World wine production estimated at 275.7 mhl With a slight rise of 2% compared with the previous year, world wine production in 2015 is
More informationProtecting vineyards using large data sets: VineAlert and monitoring cold tolerance in grapevines
Protecting vineyards using large data sets: VineAlert and monitoring cold tolerance in grapevines Jim Willwerth, PhD Cool Climate Oenology & Viticulture Institute Brock University Overview CCOVI has been
More informationSmall Fruit Cultivar Recommendations for Arkansas
Agriculture and Natural Resources FSA6130 Small Fruit Cultivar Recommendations for Arkansas M. Elena Garcia The commercial success of a fruit Associate Professor - orchard is highly dependent on the Fruits
More informationOutlook for 2015: Stable Global Demand with Advantages for Wines from Cool Climates
ProWein 201 Specialist Article: Outlook on International Sector Trends in 2015 Outlook for 2015: Stable Global Demand with Advantages for Wines from Cool Climates Wine consumption in traditional producer
More informationBulletin 919 For-sale publication. Copyright 2005, Ohio State University Extension
Bulletin 919 For-sale publication Copyright 2005, Ohio State University Extension OSU Extension embraces human diversity and is committed to ensuring that all educational programs conducted by Ohio State
More information2015 Growth in data center employment continues but the workforce is changing
Published in Conjunction with MARKET BRIEFING GLOBAL DATA CENTER EMPLOYMENT 2015 2015 Growth in data center employment continues but the workforce is changing Globally, the number of people working in
More informationReview of Canadian Apple Market & Trends
Review of Canadian Apple Market & Trends 215 Mid-Summer Meeting- Canadian Apple Industry Wolfville, NS August 4 th, 215 Farid Makki Sector Development & Analysis Directorate Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada
More informationGrowing Grapes in Indiana
Growing Grapes in Indiana COMMERCIAL HORTICULTURE DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE PURDUE UNIVERSTIY COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE WEST LAFAYETTE. IN Bruce P. Bordelon Grapes are the most widely grown commercial
More informationOIV s Focus. The sparkling wine market. The sparkling wine market has expanded in recent years, boosted by high global demand.
OIV s Focus The sparkling wine market The sparkling wine market has expanded in recent years, boosted by high global demand. Production has increased significantly: + 4% in 1 years, while that of still
More informationThe wine market: evolution and trends
The wine market: evolution and trends May 2014 1 Table of contents 1. WINE CONSUMPTION 3 2. TRENDS IN WORLD WINE TRADE IN 20 6 3. TOP WINE EXPORTERS IN 20 7 4. TOP WINE IMPORTERS IN 20 9 5. THE FIVE LARGEST
More informationApples Review of 2012/13 season Prognosfruit - Congress 2013 Helwig Schwartau, AMI
Apples Review of 2012/13 season Prognosfruit - Congress 2013 Helwig Schwartau, AMI Market balance for table apples in EU-27 1.000 tons 2009/10 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13f Market production 10.984 9.651 10.663
More informationPhenology. Phenology and Growth of Grapevines. Vine Performance
Phenology and Growth of Grapevines Ker 2007 1 Soil Depth Texture Water and nutrient supply Climate Radiation Temperature Humidity Windspeed Rainfall Evaporation Cultural decisions Vine density Scion and
More informationGLOBAL DATA CENTER INVESTMENT 2013
2013 CENSUS REPORT: Global Data Center Investment 2013 GLOBAL DATA CENTER INVESTMENT 2013 2013 - Healthy Growth in Data Center Investment Globally Globally, the data center industry has continued to maintain
More informationThe Wine and Spirits Market in Asia-Pacific and Worldwide with Prospects Until 2017
The Wine and Spirits Market in Asia-Pacific and Worldwide with Prospects Until 2017 From the VINEXPO* market study For the 12 th consecutive year, VINEXPO the international wine and spirits exhibition
More informationAllergy Obesity Cardiovascular diseases Diabetes. Source: internal data
Specific nutrition/health needs High Low Growth/ Capital building Babies/ Toddlers Maintenance/ early prevention Adulthood Life stage Aging/ problem solving Elderly/ pathology Source: internal data size
More information60 YEARS OF PLANT BREEDING RESULTS OF THE WORK ON CREATING NEW GRAPE VINE VARIETIES AND CLONES
60 YEARS OF PLANT BREEDING RESULTS OF THE WORK ON CREATING NEW GRAPE VINE VARIETIES AND CLONES Depending on the plant breeding objectives, three phases in creating new grape varieties were determined:
More informationAnnex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions
Annex 5A Trends in international carbon dioxide emissions 5A.1 A global effort will be needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to arrest climate change. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
More informationCrop production. 0 5 10 15 million ha. 0 5 10 15 20 million tonnes PART 1. CHART 7: Harvested area of the most important crops in Central Asia (2010)
PART 1 Crop production is the most important crop in the region of Europe and Central Asia. More than 80 million hectares of land are dedicated to growing wheat, of which 240 were produced in 2010. is
More informationGrowing Cocoa Beans. Growing Region
Growing Cocoa Beans All chocolate begins with cocoa beans, the fruit of the cacao tree (also called a cocoa tree). Scientists know that the cacao tree originated somewhere in South or Central America.
More informationMARKET NEWSLETTER No 102 February 2016
TRENDS IN WORLD OLIVE OIL CONSUMPTION World consumption of olive oil increased 1.8 fold in volume between 1990/00 and 2015/16. As can be seen from Chart 1, this upward movement has been located primarily
More informationDry Bean Types and Development Stages
Dry Bean Types and Development Stages Two basic plant growth habits are found in dry edible bean: determinate (bush) or indeterminate (vining or trailing). Cultivars may be classified according to plant
More informationCulture in field conditions - Challenges A South American point of view Roberto Campos Pura Natura, Argentina
A South American point of view Roberto Campos Pura Natura, Argentina EUSTAS 6 th Stevia Symposium Leuven, July 3 rd and 4 th I. Area of cultivation II. Environment III. Production of seedlings IV. Planting
More informationGlobal Cashew Nut Industry Report
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/310379/ Global Cashew Nut Industry Report Description: Cashew a native of Eastern Brazil was introduced to India by the Portuguese
More informationOpportunities and challenges for. development in the world. Louis Chirnside WPTC President
Opportunities and challenges for the tomato processing industry development in the world Louis Chirnside WPTC President «Chinese Tomato Processing Along with the World» Symposium Beijing, Monday 6 August
More information41 T Korea, Rep. 52.3. 42 T Netherlands 51.4. 43 T Japan 51.1. 44 E Bulgaria 51.1. 45 T Argentina 50.8. 46 T Czech Republic 50.4. 47 T Greece 50.
Overall Results Climate Change Performance Index 2012 Table 1 Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 1* Rank Country Score** Partial Score Tendency Trend Level Policy 21 - Egypt***
More informationGLOBAL DATA CENTER SPACE 2013
2013 CENSUS REPORT: Global Data Center Space 2013 GLOBAL DATA CENTER SPACE 2013 Top 3 data center markets account for almost half of all global data center space. In spite of a slowdown in the amount of
More informationWorld Population Growth
3 World Population Growth Why is world population growing faster than ever before? Population dynamics are one of the key factors to consider when thinking about development. In the past years the world
More informationMilk and milk products market summary
Milk and milk products market summary Food Outlook Prices of dairy products began to decline in mid-2011, as supplies to the international market improved. In April, after a favourable outcome of the milk-producing
More informationPassion for Grass. Great in Grass. The Royal Barenbrug Group. Group Board. Europe North America South America Australasia Asia Africa
The Royal Barenbrug Group The Royal Barenbrug Group Group Board Operating companies Europe North America South America Australasia Asia Africa Operating companies Research locations Research LOCATIONS
More informationIII. CHANGING BALANCE BETWEEN AGE GROUPS
Population Ageing 195-25 III. CHANGING BALANCE BETWEEN AGE GROUPS A. BROAD AGE GROUPS The young-old balance is shifting throughout the world The increasing proportions of aged persons have been accompanied,
More informationVeal and Foodservice. Rémi VILAINE, Directeur Général GIRA FOODSERVICE
Veal and Foodservice Rémi VILAINE, Directeur Général GIRA FOODSERVICE The World OOH Market - 2005 North America 1 360 2 182 Western Europe 750 18% 129 80 33 220 9% 63 Eastern Europe 250 123 17% Middle
More informationConsumer Credit Worldwide at year end 2012
Consumer Credit Worldwide at year end 2012 Introduction For the fifth consecutive year, Crédit Agricole Consumer Finance has published the Consumer Credit Overview, its yearly report on the international
More informationDevelopment of agricultural insurance in Russia
Development of agricultural insurance in Russia International Conference Managing risks and crises in agricultural insurance 15th, 16th and 17th of March 2010 Liudmila Kosholkina Director of the Department
More informationSulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and Forecast up to 2017
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/2547547/ Sulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and Forecast up to 2017 Description: Sulfuric Acid 2013 World Market Outlook and
More informationBiology, Epidemiology, and Control of Powdery Mildew: Use of the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index
Sonoma County Grape Day February 15, 2012 Biology, Epidemiology, and Control of Powdery Mildew: Use of the UC Davis Powdery Mildew Risk Index W. D. Gubler, Department of Plant Pathology, University of
More informationExport Growth and Prospect of Floriculture in India
Export Growth and Prospect of Floriculture in India *Amitava Saha I Introduction Floriculture is an age old farming activity in India having immense potential for generating gainful self-employment among
More informationPUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING
PUTTING FORAGES TOGETHER FOR YEAR ROUND GRAZING Jimmy C. Henning A good rotational grazing system begins with a forage system that allows the maximum number of grazing days per year with forages that are
More informationZinfandel. clusters. Synonyms None
Zinfandel Synonyms None Source Zinfandel is only grown under this name in California. As a result, historians have long debated the appearance of this variety in the state. Some believe Zinfandel was first
More informationValue of production of agricultural products and foodstuffs, wines, aromatised wines and spirits protected by a geographical indication (GI)
Value of production of agricultural products and foodstuffs, wines, aromatised wines and spirits protected by a geographical indication (GI) TENDER N AGRI 2011 EVAL 04 Leaflet October 2012 The information
More information[Cork Information Bureau 2010] [CORK SECTOR IN NUMBERS]
[CORK SECTOR IN NUMBERS] Index The Montado............ 3 Area of Montado... 3 Cork Production... 5 Cork Prices... 6 Industry.............. 7 Characterization of the sector... 7 Main activities... 7 Cork
More informationTHE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WINE, GRAPES AND GRAPE JUICE PRODUCTS IN NEW YORK STATE
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT OF WINE, GRAPES AND GRAPE JUICE PRODUCTS IN NEW YORK STATE An Report Preliminary Results SEPTEMBER 2005 Funding provided by a grant from EMPIRE STATE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Copyright
More informationIntegrated Pest Management
Chapter 2 Integrated Pest Management In This Chapter Keywords After learning the information in this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Define Integrated Pest Management (IPM). 2. List and describe the 5
More informationHumidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training
Humidtropics Kiboga/Kyankwanzi Soybean production training Makerere University and Humidtropics collaboration Soybean Seed production Training of Kiboga-Kyankwanzi platform members in Soybean Seed Production
More informationThe Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015
The Global Chemical Industry: US, China and Global Status and Opportunities, 2015 August 28, 2005 American Chemical Society Martha Gilchrist Moore Moore Economics mmoore@mooreeconomics.com Opportunities
More informationRebecca Metzger, Sr. Industry Specialist June, 2014. Business Risk Management Programs grapes and grapevines
Rebecca Metzger, Sr. Industry Specialist June, 2014 Business Risk Management Programs grapes and grapevines 1 BRM programs available to you Business Risk Management (BRM) There are may factors to deal
More informationWine Grape Trellis and Training Systems for the San Joaquin Valley
University of California Tulare County Cooperative Extension Wine Grape Trellis and Training Systems for the San Joaquin Valley Peter Christensen, Extension Viticulturist, UC Kearney Agricultural Center
More informationPineapples. Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom. Version - October 2011
Pineapples Ian Hewett Horticultural Marketing Inspectorate United Kingdom Version - October 2011 1 Definition Of Produce This Standard applies to pineapples of varieties (cultivars) grown from Ananascomosus(L).
More informationUpdated development of global greenhouse gas emissions 2013
Updated development of global greenhouse gas emissions 2013 Hans-Joachim Ziesing Low Carbon Markets and the Legacy of Nuclear Power 19 th REFORM Group Meeting, Schloss Leopoldskron, Salzburg September
More informationANALYSIS OF LEBANON S FOOD MARKET
ANALYSIS OF LEBANON S FOOD MARKET Table of Contents World Food Market 3 Lebanon s Food Production 8 Lebanon s Food Imports and Exports 11 Evolution of Food Imports 11 Food Imports by Type 12 Food Imports
More informationTEA IN TURKEY Hamit Vanli
TEA IN TURKEY Hamit Vanli Turkish State Tea Board (Caykur) Rize Turkey Global Advances in Tea Science, 1st May 1999. pp. 143 to 148 Edited by N.K.Jain, Published by Aravali Books International (P)Ltd,
More informationAgeing OECD Societies
ISBN 978-92-64-04661-0 Trends Shaping Education OECD 2008 Chapter 1 Ageing OECD Societies FEWER CHILDREN LIVING LONGER CHANGING AGE STRUCTURES The notion of ageing societies covers a major set of trends
More informationMARKET NEWSLETTER No 94 May 2015
Believe in Olive Oil promotion campaign gears up for launch in Japan The International Olive Council will be officially launching its Believe in Olive Oil campaign to promote olive oil in Japan this coming
More informationBrochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1339929/
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/1339929/ The 2011 World Forecasts of Machine Tools That Remove Material by Laser or Light, Photon, Ultrasonic, Electro-Discharge,
More informationSupply & demand outlook for the canola industry
Supply & demand outlook for the canola industry J.P. Gervais Chief Ag Economist March 2015 @jpgervais Canola Canola is one component of the environment for oil producing crops Growth in demand has supported
More informationi-tree-eco International Versions
i-tree-eco International Versions David J. Nowak (US Forest Service, Northern Research Station) June 28, 2010 Executive Summary To enhance the ability of i-tree to work outside the United States, various
More informationRepublic of Turkey Ministry of Economy, 2014 0
Republic of Turkey Ministry of Economy, 2014 0 DRIED FRUITS Turkey is one of the unique countries in the world for agricultural production and the Turkey s matchless superiority with respect to agricultural
More informationVine Size and Balance and Balanced Pruning
Vine Size and Balance and Balanced Pruning In question are two separate issues: big vs. small vines and balanced vines. You can have balanced vines with both big and small vines. While pounds of fruit
More informationFoods With Healthy Supplements and Organics Have Room for Growth
Foods With Healthy Supplements and Organics Have Room for Growth Major Perception Gaps Across the Globe Towards Fortified and Organic Foods Popularity Held Back by Pricy Image, Niche Distribution and Credibility
More informationChilli - Long Red Cayenne, Long Slim Cayenne, P2391, Serano, Skyline 3, Star 6601, Thai chili, Thai Dragon.
CAPSICUMS Hot pepper (chilli), sweet pepper and paprika. CLIMATE These crops require warmer conditions than tomatoes, and are more sensitive to cold and frost. The optimum mean temperatures for growth,
More informationThe European Market for Organic Food
The European Market for Organic Food Helga Willer and Julia Lernoud, Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), Frick Diana Schaack, Agrarmarkt Informationsgesellschaft (AMI), Bonn, Germany BIOFACH
More informationCropCast Daily Agri-Highlights Don Keeney Wednesday, June 22, 2016
VHI Image Date: Jun 17, 2016 USA Corn Soybeans Vegetative Health Index Map and Crop Condition Tendency EUROPE Rapeseed BLACK SEA INDIA Soybeans Groundnuts CHINA Corn Soybeans ARGENTINA Corn Soybeans BRAZIL
More informationMediterranean region. Contents 18.02.2014 WATER FOOTPRINT OF TOURISM AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TURKEY
WATER FOOTPRINT OF TOURISM AND AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION IN TURKEY Prof.Dr.Bülent Topkaya Akdeniz University Department of Environmental Engineering Mediterranean Region Water in Turkey Tourism activities
More informationStrawberry Anthracnose
Strawberry Anthracnose Bill Turechek and Cathy Heidenreich Introduction - The term anthracnose is a general term used to describe plant diseases. Strawberry anthracnose refers to several diseases of strawberry
More informationAnalysis of the EU fruit and vegetables sector
26 September 2014 Analysis of the EU fruit and vegetables sector EU and to Russia (2011-2013) Recent market s and measures taken to address market disruptions following the Russian import ban EU and to
More informationThe Watergy greenhouse: Improved productivity and water use efficiency using a closed greenhouse
The Watergy greenhouse: Improved productivity and water use efficiency using a closed greenhouse Guillermo Zaragoza PhD Physics Estación Experimental Fundación Cajamar (Almería - Spain) Closed greenhouses
More informationFRENCH WINES A STYLE OF WINE FOR EVERY LIFESTYLE
FRENCH WINES A STYLE OF WINE FOR EVERY LIFESTYLE A journey through the regions and wine styles of France FRENCH WINES : THE EUROPEAN CONTEXT FRENCH WINES AT A GLANCE France the world s biggest wine producer
More informationStatus and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China
Chinese-Danish Networking Status and trends in perception of Organic vegetable and fruit production in China Yuhui Qiao Dr. Associate Professor Department of Ecology and Ecological Engineering China Agricultural
More informationskills mismatches & finding the right talent incl. quarterly mobility, confidence & job satisfaction
skills mismatches & finding the right talent incl. quarterly mobility, confidence & job satisfaction Randstad Workmonitor Global Press Report wave 3-2012 Randstad Holding nv September 2012 content Chapter
More informationApricot Tree Prunus armeniaca
Apricot Tree Prunus armeniaca Up to 25-30 tall x 15-20 wide or partial shade 10 degrees F. General: The Apricot Tree is a subspecies of the peach and dates back 3,000 years to northeastern China. Apricots
More informationGrowing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations
Growing Balaton - Horticultural Considerations Amy Iezzoni Dept. of Horticulture Michigan State University Jim Nugent District Horticulturist MSU Extension The fruit industry in Michigan has generations
More informationwww.pwc.co.uk/economics Global wage projections to 2030 September 2013
www.pwc.co.uk/economics Global wage projections to 2030 Summary: Wage gap between emerging and advanced economies will shrink significantly by 2030 By 2030, our projections in this report suggest that
More informationAppendix 1: Full Country Rankings
Appendix 1: Full Country Rankings Below please find the complete rankings of all 75 markets considered in the analysis. Rankings are broken into overall rankings and subsector rankings. Overall Renewable
More informationWheat Import Projections Towards 2050. Chad Weigand Market Analyst
Wheat Import Projections Towards 2050 Chad Weigand Market Analyst January 2011 Wheat Import Projections Towards 2050 Analysis Prepared by Chad Weigand, Market Analyst January 2011 Purpose The United Nations
More informationCRANBERRY ETNA. Etna is a cranberry bean with early maturity, high yield potential and a large seed size.
SEMINIS DRY BEANS BLACK BEAN From black to pinto, the Seminis lineup has the beans you need to be competitive in the field and successful in the plant. Our breeders are dedicated to developing dry bean
More informationChasing growth in a constrained environment
Chasing growth in a constrained environment Bernard Fontana CEO June 14, 2012 Agenda 1 Drivers of demand growth 2 Allocating the asset footprint according to demand 3 Growth from customer excellence &
More informationOver the past two decades, advancements
Trellis Selection and Canopy Management Over the past two decades, advancements in vineyard design, trellis and training systems, and canopy management practices have dramatically improved wine grape productivity
More informationAn In-Depth Guide to Rioja and Ribera del Duero
An In-Depth Guide to Rioja and Ribera del Duero History of the regions Geology, climate, terroir Classifications and aging requirements Tasting! Vintages Spanish Quality System & Appellations: Denominaciones
More informationPasta Technology. Introduction to Pasta Technology. Bühler AG Ali Kocak Process Engineer
Pasta Technology Introduction to Pasta Technology Bühler AG Ali Kocak Process Engineer Definition of the term pasta Pasta is a product of any kind of shape which is made from ground grain products with
More informationNATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL ACT 1993 (AS AMENDED) Spirit Drinks Regulations 2005. Commencement:
S. I. of 2005 NATIONAL AGENCY FOR FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION AND CONTROL ACT 1993 (AS AMENDED) Spirit Drinks Regulations 2005 Commencement: In exercise of the powers conferred on the Governing Council
More informationThe New Grape Growers Workshop for Maryland and the Mid-Atlantic
Welcome to The New Grape Growers Workshop for Maryland and the Mid-Atlantic Joseph A. Fiola, Ph.D. Specialist in Viticulture and Small Fruit New Growers Workshop Speakers Shannon Dill Extension Educator
More informationRENEWABLE ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA
RENEWABLE ENERGY IN AUSTRALIA Increasing electricity generation from renewable energy sources is one of the main strategies to reduce greenhouse emissions from the power sector. Australia has historically
More informationWashington State Industry Outlook and Freight Transportation Forecast:
Washington State Industry Outlook and Freight Transportation Forecast: Apple Industry Prepared for the Washington State Department of Transportation Freight Systems Division By Selmin Creamer Research
More informationAMAZING AEONIUMS. Donna Kuroda 16 October 2011
AMAZING AEONIUMS Donna Kuroda 16 October 2011 A Journey to Travel the Wide World of Aeoniums Why are they a separate genus? Where to did come from? How does their origin influence their lives today? What
More informationPolyester Fibres in Europe: Developments and Trends
Polyester Fibres in Europe: Developments and Trends 9th China International Polyester and Intermediates Forum Frédéric VAN HOUTE Director General, CIRFS Shanghai, P.R. China, November 8 9, 2012 1. Background
More informationComposition of Grapes
Composition of Grapes By Murli Dharmadhikari Grapes are the most important raw material for making wine. A good understanding of grape composition is essential to understanding the process of winemaking
More informationInsurance Market Outlook
Munich Re Economic Research May 2014 Premium growth is again slowly gathering momentum After a rather restrained 2013 (according to partly preliminary data), we expect growth in global primary insurance
More informationStrawberry Leaf Spot
Strawberry Leaf Spot Cathy Heidenreich and Bill Turechek Introduction - Leaf spot is one of the most common and widespread diseases of strawberry. Mycosphaerella fragariae is also the cause of black seed
More informationBrochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3278449/
Brochure More information from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3278449/ The 2016 World Forecasts of Hand-Operated Date, Sealing, or Numbering Stamps; Devices for Printing or Embossing Labels;
More informationNinth Grade History & Social Science World History I
SEPTEMBER WHI.1 Historical Research and Geographical Analysis *(ongoing throughout year) identify, analyze, and interpret primary and secondary sources use maps, globes, artifacts, pictures identify major
More informationResearch Commodities El Niño returns grains and soft commodities at risk
Investment Research General Market Conditions 20 May 2015 Research Commodities El Niño returns grains and soft commodities at risk Meteorologists now agree that El Niño has arrived and project that it
More informationThe Effects of Climate Change on The Maple Sugaring Economy. Keith Riley
The Effects of Climate Change on The Maple Sugaring Economy Keith Riley Overview Background Technologies Past and Present Current Economy Market Type Threats of Climate Change Effects of Climate Change
More informationUK Television Exports FY 2014/2015
UK Television Exports FY 2014/2015 Page 1 of 5 The annual UK Television Exports Survey highlights the popularity of UK programming abroad by collecting revenue figures relating to the international activity
More informationGrains and Oilseeds Outlook
United States Department of Agriculture Grains and Oilseeds Outlook Friday, February 20, 2015 www.usda.gov/oce/forum Agricultural Outlook Forum 2015 Released: Friday, February 20, 2015 GRAINS AND OILSEEDS
More informationMARKET NEWSLETTER No 101 January 2016
Trends in US olive oil imports: bulk and packaged Over the last two decades, US imports of olive oil and olive pomace oil have increased almost two and a half times, rising from 125 000 t in 1993/94 to
More informationINTEGRATED IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON VITICULTURE
INTEGRATED IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT ON VITICULTURE Posible evolución costes componentes 1 What is different in viticulture 2 3 4 Irrigation strategies Irrigation practices New technologies Posible evolución
More informationROTHSCHILD RÉSERVES. Réserve Spéciale Bordeaux Rouge. Réserve Spéciale Bordeaux Blanc. Réserve Spéciale Pauillac. Réserve Spéciale Médoc
ROTHSCHILD RÉSERVES MÉDOC & BORDEAUX, FRANCE As owners of Château Lafite Rothschild for five generations, the Barons de Rothschild (Lafite) are determined to ensure their role as stewards of world-renowned
More information