Primary Level of Microscience Experiments for Grade 4 to 8 of Sudanese Schools
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1 Primary Level of Microscience Experiments for Grade 4 to 8 of Sudanese Schools Grade Four for Sudanese Schools Food of Living Things What do your teeth look like? Acids and Bases in the Home Using senses of taste and touch to classify household substances. Treating indigestion. Grade Five for Sudanese Schools 1. Traces of air (I) 2. Traces of air (II) 3. Is air matter? 4. Studying soil types The Three States Of Water 1. About water vapour 2. The water cycle. 3. Wind and evaporation. 4. Evaporation and Temperature. 5. Is there water in plant leaves? Grade Six for Sudanese Schools 1. Making a wind vane 2. Air can do work 3. What forms soil? 4. Is soil the same everywhere? 5. Is it a clayey or a sandy soil? 6. What type of soil do you have? 7. Studying soil types 8. Is my garden soil acidic or basic? 9. Leaf patterns 10. Seeds The Three States of Water 1. Ice and liquid water. 2. Where does the water come from? 3. Measuring evaporation. 4. The states of water. 5. Wind and evaporation. 6. Is there water in plant leaves? 7. Is it still the water I know? How Do Living Things Reproduce? 1. Do seeds need water to grow into new plants? 2. Do seeds start to grow in all temperatures? 1
2 3. New plants from parts of plants. Food of Living Things 1. How do we find out if plants store starch and sugars? Variety of Lives 1. Flowering plants: dicotyledon. 2. A monocotyledon flower. 3. A snail zoo. 4. Six jointed legs - Insects. 5. More jointed legs - Spiders. 6. Even more jointed legs - Crustaceans. 7. Many more jointed legs - Millipedes. Grade Seven for Sudanese Schools 1. Making a wind vane 2. Air can do work 3. What forms soil? 4. Is soil the same everywhere? 5. Is it a clayey or a sandy soil? 6. What type of soil do you have? 7. Studying soil types 8. Is my garden soil acidic or basic? 9. Leaf patterns 10. Seeds Expansion And Contraction 1. The undecided drop. 2. Where does the extra liquid come from? 3. The tallest liquid. 4. The story of a slender and a plump propette. 5. The lazy thin wire. The Three States Of Water 1. Is there water in plant leaves? 2. Is it still the water I know? How Do Living Things Reproduce? 1. What does a seed look like? 2. Growing a new plant. 3. Do seeds need water to grow into new plants? 4. Do seeds start to grow in all temperatures. 5. New plants from parts of plants. About Air 1. Even flames need air to keep going. 2. Is all the air used in burning? 3. Studying my breath. 4. Rusting away. 5. Production and testing of carbon dioxide on my comboplate. 2
3 6. My micro fire extinguisher. 7. The chemical reactions in bread making. Exploring Mixtures 3.13 Separating a mixture of water and methylated spirit Heating and Heat Transfer 1. Is it a good or a bad conductor of heat? 2. Which is the heavy weight: the cold or the hot liquid? 3. Convection, conduction and radiation. 4. Hot air balloons. 5. Ventilation system. 6. Radiation and absorption of heat by black and white surfaces. 7. The magic burning of paper. 8. Fireproof materials. Magnetism 1. Magnets have strange powers over some things. 2. The magic of magnets. 3. Making a compass. 4. Just how strong is your magnet? Matter and Measurement 1. How much water can the large well of my comboplate hold? 2. Estimating volumes using items with definite known volumes. 3. What is the volume of the spring in my kit? Variety of Lives 1. A mould. Grade Eight for Sudanese Schools Muddy, muddy water: Can we make it safe to drink? The Three States of Water 1. About water vapour How Do Living Things Reproduce? 1. Do seeds need water to grow into new plants? 2. Do seeds start to grow in all temperatures. 3. New plants from parts of plants. Exploring Mixtures 1. The case of the disappearing sugar. 2. Melting and dissolving: Is there a difference? 3. What type of a mixture is it? Static and Current Electricity 1. The magic propette. 2. The wiggly falling water. 3. My aluminium strip electroscope. 4. The light bulb on my comboplate 3
4 Acids and Bases in the Home 1. Some liquids which look like water can kill you. 2. Chemical indicators. 3. Making your own indicators. 4. Acidic liquid and dry sodium bicarbonate. 5. Neutralization. 6. Acids and bases in our daily lives. 7. The secret message. 8. Using what you know about indicators. More about Electricity 1. The current in a series circuit. 2. Light bulbs in series. 3. Light bulbs in parallel. 4. The electric lemon. 4
5 BIOLOGY Teaching and Learning Materials for Sudanese Secondary Schools for Grades from one to three Grade one for Sudanese Secondary Schools LIVING ORGANISMS LEARNER WORKSHEETS 1: HOW ARE BACTERIA CULTURED? 2: WHAT MOULDS WILL GROW ON BREAD? 3: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A MOSS PLANT? 4: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A FERN PLANT? 5: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A GARDEN SNAIL? 6: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A CRUSTACEAN? 7: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A SPIDER? Grade two for Sudanese Secondary Schools ENZYMES LEARNER WORKSHEETS 1: THE ACTION OF AMYLASE ON STARCH 2: THE ACTION OF AMYLASE ON STARCH OVER A PERIOD OF TIME 3: THE EFFECT OF ph ON THE ACTION OF AMYLASE ON STARCH 4: THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON THE ACTION OF AMYLASE ON STARCH ACTIVITY 5: THE ACTION OF THE ENZYME CATALASE ON HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 6: WHAT IS THE EFFECT OF THE ENZYME RENNIN ON MILK? FOOD TESTS LEARNER WORKSHEETS TESTS FOR CARBOHYDRATES 1: BENEDICT'S TEST FOR A REDUCING SUGAR 2: DOES THE FOOD WE EAT CONTAIN REDUCING SUGARS? 3: HOW CAN ONE TEST FOR THE PRESENCE OF A NON-REDUCING SUGAR IN FOOD? 4: IODINE TEST FOR STARCH 5: DOES THE FOOD WE EAT CONTAIN STARCH? 6: IODINE TEST FOR CELLULOSE 5
6 7: DOES THE FOOD WE EAT CONTAIN CELLULOSE? TESTS FOR LIPIDS 1: EMULSION TEST FOR LIPIDS 2: GREASE SPOT TEST FOR LIPIDS 3: DOES THE FOOD WE EAT CONTAIN LIPIDS? TESTS FOR PROTEINS 1: BIURET TEST FOR PROTEINS 2: DOES THE FOOD WE EAT CONTAIN PROTEINS? PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEARNER WORKSHEETS 1: TESTING A LEAF FOR STARCH 2: IS CHLOROPHYLL NECESSARY FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS? 3: IS LIGHT NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS? 4: IS CARBON DIOXIDE NEEDED FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS? 5: IS OXYGEN RELEASED DURING PHOTOSYNTHESIS? RESPIRATION LEARNER WORKSHEETS: RESPIRATION 1: THE PRODUCTS OF COMBUSTION 2: IS CARBON DIOXIDE RELEASED DURING RESPIRATION IN GERMINATING SEEDS? 3: WHAT SUBSTANCES ARE FORMED DURING FERMENTATION? 4: IS OXYGEN USED DURING RESPIRATION? 5: IS ENERGY RELEASED DURING RESPIRATION? TROPISMS LEARNER WORKSHEETS INFORMATION 1: DO THE RADICLES OF SEEDS ALWAYS GROW DOWNWARDS? 2: IN WHICH DIRECTION DO YOUNG SHOOTS GROW? PLANTS & WATER LEARNER WORKSHEETS: PLANTS AND WATER 6
7 GROUP OF ACTIVITIES - OBSERVING DIFFUSION 1: DIFFUSION IN A GAS 2: MORE DIFFUSION IN A GAS 3: DIFFUSION IN A LIQUID 4: DIFFUSION IN A SOLID GROUP OF ACTIVITIES - FINDING OUT ABOUT OSMOSIS 1: OBSERVING OSMOSIS USING DIALYSIS TUBING 2: HOW DOES OSMOSIS OCCUR IN LIVING TISSUE? GROUP OF ACTIVITIES - PATH OF WATER THROUGH THE PLANT 1: PATH OF WATER THROUGH THE PLANT 2: DOES THE ROOT SYSTEM OF A PLANT PUSH WATER UP THE STEM? 3: IS WATER LOST THROUGH THE AERIAL PARTS OF A PLANT? 4: INVESTIGATING HOW THE LEAVES OF PLANTS LOSE WATER 5: LOSS OF LIQUID WATER FROM PLANTS 6: LOSS OF WATER FROM PLANTS UNDER VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS Grade three for Sudanese Secondary Schools LIVING ORGANISMS 1: FLOWERING PLANTS - SEED STRUCTURE 2: OBSERVING GERMINATION 3: VEGETATIVE STRUCTURES OF ANGIOSPERMS 4: STRUCTURE OF ANGIOSPERM FLOWERS 5: STRUCTURE OF AN INFLORESCENCE 6: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A FREE-LIVING FLATWORM? 7: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF AN EARTHWORM? 8: WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A LOCUST? 7
8 CHEMISTRY Grade one for Sudanese schools PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS Decomposition of Mercury (II) Oxide PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER Compounds, Elements, Pure Substances and Mixtures - Modeling the Atoms and Molecules. CHEMICAL CHANGE OF SUBSTANCES COMBUSTION HEATING SUBSTANCES Decomposition of Ammonium Carbonate Reduction of Copper(II) Oxide THE ATOM ATOMIC MODEL FLAME COLOURS Grade two for Sudanese schools PROPERTIES AND CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER ELEMENTS AND COMPOUNDS Electrolysis of Water PARTICLE MODEL OF MATTER How Fast Does Gaseous Ammonia Diffuse? OXYGEN, HYDROGEN AND CARBON DIOXIDE PROPERTIES OF OXYGEN Preparation and Testing of Oxygen PROPERTIES OF HYDROGEN Preparation and Testing for Hydrogen PROPERTIES OF CARBON DIOXIDE Preparation and Properties of Carbon Dioxide Part 1: The Preparation of Carbon Dioxide Part 2: The Production of Carbon Dioxide during Respiration Part 3: Dissolving Carbon Dioxide in Water Part 4: The Effect of Carbon Dioxide on Combustion The Reaction of Carbon with Oxygen CHEMICAL CHANGE OF SUBSTANCES COMBUSTION The Reaction of Copper with Oxygen 8
9 The Reaction of Sulphur with Oxygen The Reaction of Magnesium with Oxygen CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF CERTAIN ELEMENTS REACTIONS OF METALS The Reaction of Group 1 and 2 Metals with Water Part 1: The Reaction of Sodium and Potassium with Water Part 2: The Reaction of Calcium and Magnesium with Water Part 3: What Gas is Produced When a Group 1 or Group 2 Metal Reacts with Water? Reactions of Metals with Metal Salt Solutions Are Metal Oxides Acidic or Basic? REACTIONS OF NON-METALS Reactivity of Group 7 Elements OXIDATION _REDUCTION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS OXIDATION-REDUCTION Reactivity of Group 7 Elements (See Chapter III: Reactions of Non-metals) Grade three for Sudanese schools CHEMICAL CHANGE OF SUBSTANCES REACTIONS OF ACIDS Acid/Base Titration - an Introduction The Effect of Dilute Acids and Alkalis on Indicators The Reaction of Sulphuric Acid with Copper(II) Oxide The Reaction of Acids with Sodium Hydroxide ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND ALKALIS Acid-Base Indicators Properties of Acids and Alkalis NEUTRALISATION A Thermochemical Determination of the Stoichiometry of Acid-Base Reactions PREPARATION OF SALTS Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction between an Acid and a Metal Carbonate Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction of an Acid with a Metal Preparation of a Salt: The Reaction between an Acid and a Metal Oxide CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ELECTRICITY EVIDENCE FOR IONS IN SOLUTION The Conductivity and ph of Solutions of Acids and Bases Part 1: What is the Effect of the Concentration of a Basic or Acidic Solution on its Conductivity and ph? Part 2: Does the Nature of a Base or Acid Affect the Conductivity and ph of its solution? IONIC REACTIONS QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS: 9
10 The Stoichiometry of Precipitation Reactions Part 1: The Reaction of Potassium Chromate and Barium Chloride Part 2: The Reaction of Lead Nitrate and Sodium Iodide Testing for Ions in Aqueous Solutions Part 1: Testing for the Presence of Sulphate Ions Part 2: Testing for the Presence of Halide Ions EQUILIBRIUM IN SOLUTION Chemical Equilibrium - The Common Ion Effect ACIDS AND BASES TITRATIONS Concentration and Amount of Substance in Solution Acid/Base Titration - Determining the Concentration of an Acid OXIDATION _REDUCTION AND ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS OXIDATION-REDUCTION Reactions of Metals with Metal Salt Solutions (See Chapter III: Reactions of Metals) 10
11 PHYSICS Microelectricity experiments Grade three for Sudanese secondary schools THE ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. GET TO KNOW YOUR MICROELECTRICITY KIT 2. LIGHTEN UP, PREDICT AND EXPLORE 3. CAR HEADLIGHTS 4. MAKING AN ELECTRIC CURRENT DETECTOR 5. THE CURRENT IN A SERIES CIRCUIT 6. LIGHT BULBS IN SERIES 7. LIGHT BULBS IN PARALLEL 8. CELLS AND MORE CELLS 9. FRUIT COCKTAIL EFFECTS OF THE ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. SOME GOLDEN CHAINS! ELECTROPLATING 2. COMING ATTRACTION 3. FIELDING 4. THE STRONGEST OF THEM ALL! CURRENT ELECTRICITY 1. RATES AND FLOWS 2. AMMETER TO BE OR NOT TO BE 3. GO WITH THE FLOW 4. ONE, TWO, THREE TROUBLE 5. ONE AFTER THE OTHER CAUSING A GREAT BOTHER 6. FREE ELECTRONS ARE NOT SO FREE! 7. PARALLEL CELLS 8. FIRST CONTACT WITH THE LOOPS THE ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. WHAT GOES UP MUST FALL DOWN 11
12 2. THE CURRENT IN A SERIES CIRCUIT 3. THE REAL & THE IDEAL WORLD 4. THE INVESTIGATION ELECTROMAGNETISM & ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION 1. FANCY EFFECTS 2. THE SHAPE OF IT 3. SOLENOIDS AND ELECTROMAGNETS 4. FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATIONS, FBI 5. ELECTRIC MOTOR 1 6. ELECTRIC MOTOR 2 7. CAN MAGNETISM PRODUCE ELECTRICITY? ELECTRIC CURRENT & ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE 1. ON, OFF OFF, ON 2. LET THERE BE LIGHT! 3. WHAT IS ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE? 4. THE MAXIMUM POTENTIAL ENERGY OUTPUT OF A BATTERY 5. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ACROSS POINTS IN A SERIES CIRCUIT 6. POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE ACROSS POINTS IN A PARALLEL CIRCUIT 7. OHM'S LAW THE MAGNETIC EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC CURRENT 1. PARALLELISMS 12
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