Nanokarbon: Xassələri və Tətbiq sahələri. Mühazirə Dr.İsmət Əhmədov
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1 Nanokarbon: Xassələri və Tətbiq sahələri Mühazirə Dr.İsmət Əhmədov
2 Introduction Nano m Ölçü 10-9 m (1 nanometer) Kvant mexanikasının sərhəddi Formalaşma Təşəkkül tapma mərhələsində
3 Introduction Karbon Ərimə nöqtəsi: ~ 3500 o C Atom radiusu: nm Bütün üəvü birləşmələrin əsas elementi 10 mill. karbon birləşmələri
4 Introduction Nanokarbon Fulleren Borucuqlar Konuslar Karbon black Buynuzlar Çubuqlar Köpüklər nanoalmazlar
5 Introduction Nanokarbon Fulleren Borucuqlar Konuslar Karbon black Xassələri və Tətbiq sahələri Elektik Mexaniki İstilik Saxlanma
6 Properties Birləşmələri Qrafit sp 2 Almaz sp 3
7 Nanokarbon Properties
8 Properties Nanokarbon beşüzlülər 1 5 beşüzlülər 12 beşüzlülər
9 Properties Fulleren Yüksək simmetriyalı böyük molekula 1985-ci ildə kəşf olunub Curl, Kroto, and Smalley Nobel mükafatı alıblar C 60, həmçinin 70, 76 and fasetli (12 beşbucaqlı and 20 altıbucaqlı) - prototip Epcot mərkəzi, Paris ~1 nm Memarı: R. Buckminster Fuller
10 Properties Fulleren Simmetrik formalı sürtünmə Böyük səth sahəsinə malik katalitik Yüksək temperatur (~500oC) Yüksək təzyiq Boşluqlar Hissəciklərin qəfəsdə saxlanması Feromaqnet? Polimerləşmiş C60 220oC- ə qədər
11 Xassələri Fulleren Grafit kimi kimyəvi dayanıqlıdır -beşbucaqlı kimi yüksək reaktivdir zəif van der Waals qüvvələri ilə stabilləşən Kristal İfratyarımkeçirici - K3C60: 19.2 K - RbCs2C60: 33 K
12 Xassələri Nanoborular 1991-ci ildə kəşf olunub, Iijima tərəfindən Burulma vektoru: C h = r n a + m r 1 a 2
13 Xassələri Nanoborular Burulmadan asılı olan elektrik keçiriciliyi r r C h = n a1 + m a 2 If 2n + m = i,sonra metal 3 Hımçinin yarımkeçirici Elektrik tutumu Karbon nanoboru 1 GAmps / cm 2 Mis məftil 1 MAmps / cm 2 İstilik ötürməsi Təmiz almazla müqayisə edilə bilər (3320 W / m. K) Temperatura davamlığl Qəfəs Karbon nanotuboru 750 o C (in air) Metal məftil mikroçipdə o C Elektrik xassələri dəyişə bilir sensor
14 Xassələri Nanoboru Uzunluğu: Bir neçə μm Yüksək dərəcəli: length > 1000 diameter kvazi 1D bərk Diametr: Ən azı 1 nm SWCNT 1,9 nm
15 Xassələri Nanoborular Karbon nanoborular məlum materialların hamısından bərkdir. Yunq Modulu (bərklik): Karbon nanoborular Karbon liflər Yüksək möhkəm polad 1250 GPa 425 GPa (max.) 200 GPa Möhkəmlik həddi (qırılma mıhkəmliyi) Karbon nanoborular GPa Karbon liflər Yüksək möhkəm polad GPa ~ 2 GPa Dartilması : ~ % Sıxlığı : Karbon nanoboru (SW) gram / cm 3 Aluminium 2.7 gram / cm 3
16 Xassələri Mexanikliyi Karbon nanoboruları çox elastikdir Nanoscience Research Group University of North Carolina (USA)
17 Xassələri Konuslar 1994 cü ildə kəşf olunub (qapalı formalası) Ge & Sattler ci ildə kəşf olunub (açıq forması) Ebbesen et al. Qapalı: HIV virusunun formasına oxşayır İstehsalda var (açıq forması) Saxlama? Hidrogen Li et al. Nature 407 (2000) o 38.9 o 60.0 o 84.6 o o Miqyas: 200 nm Krishnan, Ebbesen et al. Nature 388 (2001) 241.
18 Xassələri Karbon black Geniş sənaye istehsalı -Hər ill mill. ton Şinlər, qara piqmentlər, plastik kütlələr, quru batareya (quru element), Ultrabənövşəyi şüalardan müdafiə və s.. Ölçüləri: nm
19 Tətbiqi Çap işləri Karbon qrafit C 60 : 1000x mürəkkəbdən yaxşı (Xerox)
20 Tətbiqi CNT / polimer komposit Bu günün texnologiyası - Karbon black wt% yüklənmə - mexaniki xassələrinin itirilməsi CNT Kompositlər wt% yüklənmə -aşağı dərəcədə sızma
21 Tətbiqi CNT / polimer komposit Şəffaf elektrik keçirici -Qalınlığı: nm -Yüksək elastik Wu et al. Science 305 (2004) 1273.
22 Elektrik qurğuları Tətbiqi
23 Tətbiqi Tranzistor Vakum boruları cı ildə Nobel mükafatı, Thomson. Si-əsaslı yarımkeçiricilər cı ildə Nobel mükafatı, Shockley, Bardeen, and Brattain , Kilby. IBM, 1952.
24 Tətbiqi Tranzistor SWCNT GHz, T = 4 K - Logical gates Emitter Collector Base Bachtold, Dekker et al. Science 294 (2001) Li et al. Nano Lett. 4 (2004) 753.
25 Antenna Tətbiqi
26 Application Antenna Dipol ~ 3/4 m Radio dalğalar: 8 m 3 10 c f = = s ~ 100 MHz λ 3m Nanoboru L Optik dalğa: λ ~ L / 2 ~ 500 nm
27 Tətbiqi Müstəvi ekran Plazma TV
28 Tətbiqi Müstəvi ekran Sahə emissiyası Saito et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 37 (1998) L346.
29 Atom Qüvvət Mikroskopu Tətbiqi
30 Tətbiqi Atom Qüvvət Mikroskopu Boru və ya konus Kimyəvi nümunə
31 Tətbiq İplik Zhang, Atkinson and Baughman, Scienc 306 (2004) 1358.
32 Tətbiqi İplik Çoxlaylı karbon borular İstismarı -196 o C < T < 450 o C Elektrik keçiriciliyi Möhkəmlik Düyün düşəndə tez açılır Zhang, Atkinson and Baughman, Science 306 (2004) 1358.
33 Tətbiqi Hidrogen saxlama 2 H 2 (g) + O 2 (g) 2 H 2 O (l) + enerji Mg 2 NiH LaNi 5 H wt% 1.37 wt% H 2 (maye) H 2 (200 barel) Schlapbach & Züttel, Nature 414 (2001) 353
34 Tətbiqi Hidrogen saxlama Aim: 5-7 wt% H 2 Birlaylı karbon borular - Dillon et al. (1997) : 8 wt% (questionable) - Tarasov et al. (2003): 2.4 wt% reversible, 25 bar H 2, -150 o C. Konuslar - Mealand & Skjeltorp, (2001) US Patent 6,290,753 Eldrid Svåsand, IFE Kjeller
35 Nəticə Xəbərdarlıq Ətraf mühit və sağlamlıq Fullerenlər və nanoboruların geniş istehsalı Hələ lazımı qədər dizayn olunmayıb.
36 Nəticə Nəticə Nanokarbon - fulleren - yüksək simmetiriklik - borular - möhkəmlik - konuslar - ən iti formalar -karbon black - Geniş istehsalı Xassələri - elektik, mexaniki, istilik, saxlanma, qəfəs Tətbiqləri - antenna, komposit, çap işi, sahə emissiyası, tranzistor, iplik, mikroskop, saxlama
37 Kommersiya Kompaniyalar: ~ 20 dünyada - Carbon Nanotechnologies Inc. (CNI) - SES Research -n-tec Qiymətləri: - Borular: təmiz SWCNT $500 / qram (CNI) MWCNT / qram (n-tec) -C 60 : təmiz $ / qram (SES Research) - Konus: Multi 1 / qram (n-tec) -Qızıl : $10 / qram
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