Conversion Factors. Multiply by to obtain
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1 Conversion Factors Unless otherwise stated, pounds are U.S. avoirdupois, feet are U.S., and seconds are mean solar. NOTE: The usual measure of weight in the U.S. is avoirdupois. Multiply by to obtain Acre feet cubic feet Acre feet 1233 cubic meters Acre feet gallons (U.S.) Acres hectares Acres square feet Acres 4047 square meters Acres 4840 square yards Angstrom units 1 x 10-8 centimeters Angstrom units x 10-9 inches Acres square feet Assay tons grams Astronomical units x 10 7 miles Atmospheres bars Atmospheres kilograms/square meter Atmospheres 14.7 pounds/square inch Bags, cement 94 pounds of cement Barleycorns (British) 1/3 inches Barrels (British, dry) cubic feet Barrels (British, dry) cubic meters Barrels (British, dry) 36 gallon (British) Barrels, cement kilograms Barrels, cement 376 pounds of cement Barrels, cranberry cubic feet Barrels, oil cubic feet Barrels, oil cubic meters Barrels, oil 42 gallons (U.S.) Barrels (U.S., dry) cubic feet Barrels (U.S., dry) cubic meters Barrels (U.S., liquid) cubic feet Barrels (U.S., liquid) cubic meters Barrels (U.S., liquid) 31.5 gallons (U.S.) Bars 14.5 pounds/square inch Board feet 1/12 cubic feet Board feet 144 cubic inches Boiler horsepower Btu/hour Boiler horsepower 34.5 pounds of water evaporated from & at 212 o F (per hr) Bolts,(U.S., cloth) 120 linear feet Bolts (U.S., cloth) meters Btu calories, gram Btu 778 foot-pounds Btu joules
2 Btu 1076 kilograms-meters Btu calories, kilogram Atmosphere 33.9 feet of water Atmosphere inches of mercury Btu x 10-5 pounds of carton to C0 2 Btu Watt-hours Btu/pound calories, gram/gram Btu/pound/ o F 1 calories,gram/gram/ o C Btu/hour (feet 2 ) o F kilogram-calorie/hr (m 2 ) o C Btu (60 o F) joules Buckets (British, dry) 4 gallons (British) Bushels (British) bushels (U.S.) Bushels (U.S.) cubic feet Bushels (U.S.) cubic meters Bushels (U.S.) 4 pecks (U.S.) Butts (British) 20.2 cubic feet Butts (British) 126 gallons (British) Cable lengths 720 feet Cable lengths meters Calories, gram 3.97 x 10-3 Btu Calories, gram foot-pounds Calories, gram joules Calories, gram kilogram-meters Calories, gram watt-hours Calories, kilogram 1000 calories, gram Calories, gram/gram 1.8 Btu/pound Candle power (spherical) lumens Candles (int) 1 lumen (int) steradian Candles (int)/square foot foot-lamberts Candles (int)/square foot x 10-3 lamberts Carats (metric) grains Carats (metric) 0.2 grams Centals 100 pounds Centigrade heat units (chu) 1.8 Btu Centimeters feet (U.S.) Centimeters inches (U.S.) Centipoises 2.42 pounds/foot hour Centipoises 6.72 x 10-4 pounds/foot second Chains (engineers') 100 feet Chains (engineers') meters Chains (surveyor's) 66 feet Chains (surveyor's) meters Chaldrons (British) 32 bushels (British) Chaldrons (U.S.) 36 bushels (U.S.) Circular inches square inches Circular millimeters x 10-7 square meters Circular mils x 10-7 square inches
3 Circumferences 360 degrees Cloves 8 pounds Coomb 4 bushels (British) Cords 8 cord feet Cords 128 cubic feet Cords cubic meters Cubic centimeters 3.53 x 10-5 cubic feet Cubic centimeters 3.64 x 10-4 gallons (U.S.) Cubic centimeters ounces (U.S., fluid) Cubic feet cubic centimeters Cubic feet 1728 cubic inches Cubic feet 7.48 gallons (U.S.) Cubic feet 28.3 liters Cubic foot-atmosphere 2.72 Btu Cubic foot-atmosphere 2116 foot-pounds Cubic feet of common brick 120 pounds Cubic feet of water (60 o F) 67.4 pounds Cubic feet/second 1.98 acre-feet/day Cubic feet/second gallons/minute Cubic feet/second millon gallons/day Cubic inches cubic centimeters Cubic inches ounces (U.S., fluid) Cubic meters x 10-4 acre-feet Cubic meters barrels (U.S., liquid) Cubic meters cubic feet Cubic meters cubic inches Cubic meters cubic yards Cubic meters gallons (U.S.) Cubic meters liters Cubic yards 27 cubic feet Cubic centimeters cubic inches Cubic feet cubic yards Cubic inches x 10-4 cubic feet Cubic inches x 10-3 gallons Cubic yards cubic meters Cubic yards of sand 2700 pounds Days (sidereal) seconds (mean solar) Degrees (angle) radians Degrees/second revolutions/minute Brachms (British, fluid) ounces (British,fluid) Drams (troy) drams (avoirdupois) Drams (troy) ounces (troy) Drams (avoirdupois) 1.77 grams Drams (avoirdupois) ounces (avoirdupois) Cubits 1.5 feet Drams (U.S., fluid) ounces (fluid) Dynes grams
4 Dynes x 10-6 pounds Dyne-centimeter (torque) x 10-8 pound-feet Dynes/centimeter 1 ergs/square centimeter Dynes/square centimeter kilograms/square meter Dynes/square centimeter 0.1 newtons/square meter Dynes/square centimeter x 10-5 pounds/square inch Electron-volts x ergs Ells centimeters Ells 45 inches Ems, pica (printing) centimeters Ems, pica (printing) 1/6 inches Ergs x Btu Ergs x 10-8 calories, gram Ergs x 10-8 foot-pounds Faradays ampere-hours Faradays coulombs Faradays/seconds ampheres Fathoms 6feet Feet centimeters Feet meters Feet x 10-4 miles (statute) Feet of air (1 atm, 60 o F) 5.30 x 10-4 pounds/square inch Feet of water inches of mercury Feet of water.197 kilograms/square inch Feet of water pounds/square inch Feet/second kilometers/hour Feet/second 0.68 miles/hour Feet/second/second kilometers/hour/second Firkins (British) 9 gallons (British) Firkins (U.S.) 9 gallons (U.S.) Foot-poundals x 10-5 Btu Foot-poundals joules Foot-pound Btu Foot-pounds calories, gram Foot-pounds x 10 7 ergs Foot-pounds foot-poundals Foot-pounds joules Foot-pounds kilogram-meters Foot-pounds liter-atmospheres Foot-pounds x 10-4 watt-hours Foot-pounds/second Btu/hour Feet/minute feet/second Feet/second 60 feet/minute Foot-pounds/second horsepower Foot-pounds/second watts (abs) Furlongs 660 feet Furlongs meters
5 Furlongs miles Furlongs 40 rods Gallons (British) 4516 cubic centimeters Gallons (British) 1.20 gallons (U.S.) Gallons (British) 10 pounds (avoirdupois) of water at 62 o F Gallons (U.S.) 3785 cubic centimeters Gallons (U.S.) cubic feet (U.S.) Gallons (U.S.) 231 cubic inches Gallons (U.S.) x 10-3 cubic yards Gallons (U.S.) liters Gallons (U.S.) 128 ounces (U.S.) fluid Gills (British) 5 ounces (British) fluid Gills (U.S.) 32 drams (fluid) Grains drams (avoirdupois) Grains 1/7000 pounds (avoirdupois) Grams 980 dynes Grams grains (troy) Grams 10-3 kilograms Grams 10 3 milligrams Grams ounces Grams ounces (troy) Grams poundals Grams x 10-3 pounds Gram-calories x 10-3 British thermal units Gram-centimeters x 10-3 Btu Gram-centimeters 2.34 x 10-5 calories, gram Gram-centimeters 7.23 x 10-4 foot-pounds Gram-centimeters 9.81 x 10-5 joules Gram-centimeters 2.72 x 10-8 watt-hours Gram-centimeters/second x 10-5 watts Grams-centimeters 2 (moment of inertia) x 10-6 pounds-feet 2 Grams-centimeters 2 (moment of inertia) x 10-4 pounds-inch 2 Grams/cubic centimeter pounds/cubic foot Grams/cubic centimeter pounds/gallon (U.S.) Grams/cubic meter grains/cubic foot Gallons (U.S.) 8 pints (U.S., liquid) Gallons (U.S.) 4 quarts (U.S., liquid) Gallons (U.S.) water 8.33 pounds water Grams/liter grains/gallon (U.S.) Grams/liter 10-3 grains/cubic centimeter Grams/liter 1000 parts per million (ppm) Grams/liter pounds/cubic foot Grams/square centimeter pounds/square inch Hands 4 inches
6 Hogsheads (British) 63 gallons (British) Hogsheads (U.S.) cubic feet Hogsheads (U.S.) cubic meters Hogsheads (U.S.) 63 gallons (U.S.) Horsepower 2545 Btu (mean)/hour Horsepower 33,000 foot-pounds/minute Horsepower 550 foot-pounds/second Horsepower kilowatts Horsepower (metric) horsepower Horsepower-hours 2545 Btu Horsepower-hours 1.98 x 105 foot-pounds Horsepower-hours x 105 kilogram-meters Horsepower-hours kilowatt-hours Hundred weight (cwt) 100 pounds Hundred weights (long) 112 pounds Inches 2.54 centimeters Inches 1000 mils Inches of mercury at 32 o F kilograms/square meter Inches of mercury at 32 o F pounds/square inch Joules 107 ergs Joules foot-pounds Joules kilogram-meters Karats (1 of gold to 24 of mixture) milligrams/gram Kilderkins (British) 18 gallons (British) Kilograms dynes Kilograms grains Kilograms ounces (avoirdupois) Kilograms poundals Hectares acres Hectares x 10 5 square feet Horsepower horsepower (metric) Horsepower kg-calories/minute Hectares acres Hectares x 10 5 square feet Inches of mercury feet of water Inches of mercury 13.6 inches of water Inches of water pounds/square inch Kilograms pounds Kilograms x 10-4 tons (long) Kilograms tons (metric) Kilograms tons (short) Kilograms-meters Btu Kilogram-meters calories,gram Kilogram-meters 9.81 x 10 7 ergs Kilogram-meters foot-pounds Kilogram-meters x 10-6 horsepower-hours
7 Kilogram-meters 9.81 joules Kilogram-meters x 10-6 kilowatt hours (abs) Kilogram-meters x 10-6 pounds water evap. at 212 o F Kilogram/square meter x 10-5 atmospheres Kilograms/square meter dynes/square centimeters Kilograms/square meter x 10-3 feet of water at F Kilograms/square meter 0.1 grams/square centimeters Kilograms/square meter x 10-3 inches of mercury at 32 o F Kilograms/square meter mm of mercury at 0 o C Kilograms/square meter pounds/square foot Kilograms/square meter pounds/square inch Kilowatt-hours 3413 Btu Kilowatt-hours x 10 6 foot-pounds Kilowatt-hours 3.67 x 10 5 kilogram-meters Kilowatts horsepower Knots feet/second Knots 1 miles (nautical) Knots miles (statute)/hour Leagues Leagues 3miles (nautical) Leagues (statute) 3 miles (statute) Light Years x miles Links (Gunter's) 0.01 chains (Gunter's) Links (Gunter's) 0.66 feet Links (Ramden's) 1 feet Links (Ramden's) 0.01 chains (Ramden's) Liter-atmospheres (normal) Btu Liter-atmospheres (normal) 24.2 calories, gram Liter-atmospheres (normal) foot-pounds Liter-atmospheres (normal) kilogram-meters Kilometers 3281 feet Kilometers miles Liters 1000 cubic centimeters Liters cubic feet Liters gallons (U.S.) Liters quarts (U.S., liquid) Lumens 0.08 candle power (spherical) Lumens watts of maximum velocity radiation Lumens/square centimeters 1 lamberts Lumens/square centimeters/ steradian 3.14 lamberts Lumens/square foot 1 foot-candles Lumens/square feet/ steradian 3.38 millilamberts Lumens/square meter foot candles or lumens/square foot Lux foot-candles
8 Meters angstrom units Meters feet Meters inches Meters x 10-4 miles (statute) Meters yards Meters/second miles/hour Microns 1 x 10-4 centimeters Miles (nautical) kilometers Miles (statute) 80 chains (Gunter's) Miles (statute) 5280 feet Miles (statute) 1609 meters Miles (statute) 1760 yards Miles/hour centimeters/second Miles/hour feet/second Miles/hour knots Miles/hour/second feet/second/second Milligarms/assay ton 1 ounces (troy)/ton (short) Mils inches Mils microns Meters/second feet/second Meters/second 6 kilometers/hour Miles (nautical) 1.52 miles (U.S.,statute) Miles (statute) 8 furlongs Miles (statute) kilometers Miles (statute) miles (nautical) Miles/hour kilometers/hour Minims (U.S.) cubic centimeters Months (mean calendar) days Months (mean calendar) hours Months minutes Months x 10 6 seconds Newtons 10 5 dynes Newtons kilograms Newtons pounds Noggins (British) 1/32 gallons (British) Ounces (avoirdupois) 16 drams (avoirdupois) Ounces (avoirdupois) grams Ounces (avoirdupois) ounces (troy) Ounces (avoirdupois) 1/16 pounds (avoirdupois) Ounces (troy) grams Ounces (troy) ounces (avoirdupois) Ounces (troy) 1/12 pounds (troy) Ounces (U.S., fluid) cubic centimeters Ounces (U.S., fluid) 1.80 cubic inches Ounces (U.S., fluid) 8drams (fluid) Ounces (U.S., fluid) 1/128 gallons (U.S.) Paces 30 inches
9 Palms (British) 3 inches Parts per million (ppm) grains/gallon (U.S.) Pecks 0.25 bushels Pennyweights 24 grains Pennyweights grams Pennyweights 0.05 ounces (troy) Perches (Masonry) cubic feet Phots foot-candles Picas (printer's) 1/6 inches Pieds (French feet) feet Pints (U.S.,dry) cubic inches Pints (U.S.,dry) cubic inches Pints (U.S.,liquid) 16 ounces (U.S.,fluid) Pottles (British) 0.5 gallons (British) Pounces (Paris inches) inches (U.S.) Poundals grams Poundals pounds Pound-feet (torque) x 10 7 dyne-centimeters Pounds (avoirdupois) 7000 grains Pounds (avoirdupois) grams Pounds (avoirdupois) pounds (troy) Pounds (troy) grams Pounds (troy) pounds (avoirdupois) Pounds of carbon to CO Btu Pounds of water evaporated at 212 o F Btu Pounds/square foot 4.88 kilograms/square meter Pounds/square inch atmospheres Pounds/square inch grams/square centimeter Pounds/square inch kilograms/square meter Pounds/square inch millimeter of mercury at 0 o C Proff (U.S.) 0.5 percent alcohol by volume Quadrants 90 degrees Quarts (U.S., liquid) cubic feet Quarts (U.S., liquid) 32 ounces (U.S., fluid) Quarts (U.S., liquid) quarts (British) Quarts (British) 1.2 quarts (U.S.) Quintals (metric) 100 kilograms Quintals (long) 112 pounds Quintals (short) 100 pounds Quires (of paper) 24 or 25 sheets Radians degrees Reams 500 sheets Pounds/square inch feet of water Pounds/square inch inches of mercury Pounds/square inch Pascals Register tons (British) 100 cubic feet
10 Revolutions 360 degrees Revolutions/minute radians/second Revolutions/minute/minute radians/second/second Rods 16.5 feet Rods 5.03 meters Rods x 10-3 miles Rods 5.5 yards Roods (British) 0.25 acres Score 20 units Scruples 1/3 drams (troy) Scruple 20 grains Sections 640 acres Sections 1square miles Slugs pounds Spans 9 inches Square centimeters x 10-3 square feet Square centimeters square inches Square chains (Gunter's) 0.1 acres Square chains (Gunter's) square meters Square chains (Ramden's) 0.23 acres Square chains (Ramden's) square feet Square feet 929 square centimeters Square feet square meters Square inches square centimeters Square inches x 10-4 square yards Square kilometers square miles Square links (Gunter's) 10-5 acres Square links (Gunter's) square meters Square meters x 10-4 acres Square meters square feet Square meters 1550 square inches Square meters 3.86 x 10-5 square miles (statute) Square meters square yards Square miles 640 acres Square miles x 10 7 square feet Square miles x 10 6 square meters Square rods x 10-3 acres Square rods square feet Square chains (Gunter's) 4356 square feet Square feet x 10-5 acres Square feet 144 square inches Square inches x 10-3 square feet Square yards 1296 square inches Square yards square meters Stones (British) 14 pounds Tons (long) 1016 kilograms Tons (long) 2240 pounds
11 Tons (metric) 1000 kilograms Tons (metric) pounds Tons (short) kilograms Tons (short) 2000 pounds Townships (U.S.) acres Townships (U.S.) 36 square miles Tuns 252 gallons Watts Btu/hour Watts calories, kilogram/minute Watts 107 ergs/second Watts foot-pounds/second Watts horsepower(electrical) Watts kilogram-meters/second Yards 3 feet Yards meters Years (common) 365 days Years (common) 8760 hours Years (leap) 366 days Years (leap) 8784 hours
Appendix 2 Metric Conversion Table
atmospheres bars 1.01325* atmospheres inches of mercury 29.921256 atmospheres inches of water 406.80172 atmospheres kilograms per square centimeter 1.0332275 atmospheres kilopascals 101.325* atmospheres
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