INTERIM UNITS OF MEASURE As suggested by Federal Standard 376B January 27, hectare (ha) Hundred for traffic buttons.
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1 SI - The Metrics International System of Units The International System of Units (SI) is a modernized version of the metric system established by international agreement. The metric system of measurement was developed during the French Revolution and was first promoted in the U.S. by Thomas Jefferson. Its use was legalized in the U.S. in In 1902, proposed congressional legislation requiring the U.S. Government to use the metric system exclusively was defeated by a single vote. SI provides a logical and interconnected framework for all measurements in science, industry, and commerce. The metric system is much simpler to use than the existing English system since all its units of measurement are divisible by 10. Conversion Factors Please note: For best printing results, set your Page Setup's Orientation to Landscape before printing. The following list provides the conversion relationship between U.S. customary units and SI (International System ) units. The proper conversion procedure is to multiply the specified value on the left (primarily U.S. customary values) by the conversion factor exactly as given below and then round to the appropriate number of significant digits desired. For example, to convert 11.4 ft to meters: 11.4 X = , which rounds to 3.47 meters. Do not round either value before performing the multiplication, as accuracy would be reduced. A complete guide to the SI system and its use can be found in ASTM E 380, Metric Practice. Note that Convert.exe uses the 1959 conversion factors for distance i.e. the 1959 definitions of inch and foot and their derived measurements, the ton to kilogram conversion factor differs from the conversion factor published on this page by 1 in the 7th digit, the Fahrenheit to Kelvin conversion factor differs by degree Kelvin, the BTU/hour to watt conversion differs by 3 in the 4th digit, and the ft/sec 2 to m/sec 2 conversion differs by 1 in the 6th digit.
2 Conversion Symbols The prefixes and symbols listed below are commonly used to form names and symbols of the decimal multiples and sub multiples of the SI units. INTERIM UNITS OF MEASURE As suggested by Federal Standard 376B January 27, 1993 AS USED IN THE STANDARD ITEM TABLE ACRE CUBIC FOOT CUBIC YARD GALLON/MGALLON HUNDRED HUNDRED WEIGHT LINEAR FOOT MBOARD FEET MILE NAUTICAL MILE POUND SQUARE FOOT SQUARE YARD TON hectare (ha) liter (L), Hundred for traffic buttons kilogram (kg) meter (m) kilometer (km) Nautical Mile kilogram (kg) for mass newton (N) for force square meter (m2) square meter (m2) tonne (t)
3 UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED IN SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND GENERAL SPECIAL PROVISIONS GAGE;GAUGE METAL THICKNESS gage (mm) FAHRENHEIT TEMPERATURE kelvin (K) or degree Celsius (C) FATHOM WATER DEPTH meter (m) FOOT/LBS TORQUE newton-meter (N-m) LBS/SQ. IN PRESSURES kilopascal (kpa) megapascal (MPa) (if very large number) LBS/SQ. FT kilopascal (kpa) LBS/SQ YD kilopascal (kpa) INCH LINEAR millimeter (mm) KIPS;KSI TENSION kilopascal (kpa) or megapascal (MPa) LBS/ACRE EROSION CONTROL kilograms/hectare LBS/CU. FT. DENSITY kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m3) MIL THICKNESS micrometer (um) FT. LBS./SEC. HORSE POWER watt (W) UNITS OF MEASUREMENTS USED ON CONTRACT PLANS DEGREES/BEARINGS STATIONING No change for surveying. 1,000 meters = 1 station also MILEPOSTS This one is still under review as mileposts are part of the signing issue. Use mileposts for now, but state kilometerposts. ELEVATIONS meter (m) UNITS OF MEASUREMENT USED IN COMMERCIAL STANDARDS GALS/HR or MIN (PUMPS) liters per second (L/s) 500 GALLON TANKS but it could also possibly be in liter (L) 55 GALLON DRUMS or liter (L) for liquid 94 LBS/SACK (CEMENT) kilogram (kg) DIAMETER OF REINFORCING STEEL LBS/FT OF REINFORCING STEEL BUSHEL millimeter (mm) kilogram per meter (kg/m)
4 Length Conversion Factors Length mile (US Statute) kilometer (km) inch (in) millimeter (mm) 25.4 * inch (in) centimeter (cm) 2.54 * inch (in) meter (m) * foot (ft) meter (m) * yard (yd) meter (m) * Area Conversion Factors Area square foot (sq ft) square meter (sq m) E square inch (sq in) square meter (sq m) E square yard (sq yd) square meter (sq m) E acre (ac) hectare (ha) Volume Conversion Factors Volume cubic inch (cu in) cubic meter (cu m) cubic foot (cu ft) cubic meter (cu m) cubic yard (cu yd) cubic meter (cu m) gallon (gal) liter Canada liquid gallon (gal) cubic meter (cu m) Canada liquid gallon (gal) liter U.S. liquid** gallon (gal) cubic meter (cu m) U.S. liquid fluid ounce (fl oz) milliliters (ml) fluid ounce (fl oz) cubic meter (cu m)
5 Force Conversion Factors Force kip (1000 lb) kilogram (kg) kip (1000 lb) newton (N) 4, pound (lb) kilogram (kg) avoirdupois pound (lb) newton (N) Pressure or Stress Conversion Factors Pressure or stress kip per square megapascal (MPa) inch (ksi) pound per kilogram per square foot (psf) square meter (kg/sq m) pound per square pascal (Pa) foot (psf) pound per square pascal (Pa) 6, inch (psi) pound per square megapascal (MPa) inch (psi) Mass Conversion Factors Mass (weight) pound (lb) kilogram (kg) avoirdupois ton, 2000 lb kilogram (kg) grain kilogram (kg) Mass (weight) per length kip per linear kilogram per meter (kg/m) foot (klf) pound per linear kilogram per meter (kg/m) foot (plf) Mass per volume (density) pound per cubic kilogram per cubic foot (pcf) meter (kg/cu m) pound per cubic kilogram per cubic yard (lb/cu yd) meter (kg/cu m)
6 Temperature Conversion Factors Temperature degree Fahrenheit (F) degree Celsius (C) tc=(tf-32)/1.8 degree Fahrenheit (F) kelvin (K) tk = (tf+459.7)/1.8 kelvin (K) degree Celsius (C) tc=tk Energy and heat British thermal joule (J) unit(btu) calorie (cal) joule (J) E Btu/degree F x hr x ft2 W/m2 - degree K kilowatt-hour (kwh) joule (J) 3,600,000E British thermal calories per gram unit per pound (Btu/lb) (cal/g) British thermal unit watt (W) per hour (Btu/hr) Power Conversion Factors Power horsepower (hp) watt (W) E (550 ft-lb/sec) Velocity mile per hour (mph) kilometer per hour(km/hr) mile per hour (mph) meter per second (m/s) Permeability darcy centimeter per second (cm/sec) feet per day (ft/day) centimeter per second (cm/sec) *indicates that the factor given is exact. **One U.S. gallon equals Canadian gallon. t--a pascal equals newton per square meter. Note: One U.S. gallon of water weighs 8.34 pounds (U.S.) at 60 degrees F. One cubic foot of water weighs 62.4 pounds (U.S.). One milliliter of water has a mass of 1 gram and has a volume of one cubic centimeter. One U.S. bag of cement weighs 94 lbs.
7 More Useful Conversion Factors USEFUL CONVERSION FACTORS Quantity From English To Metric Multiply Units Units by* Length mile km yard m ** foot m ** inch mm 25.40** Area square mile km acre m acre hectare square yard m square foot m square inch mm Volume acre foot m cubic yard m cubic foot m cubic foot L (1000 cm 3) board feet m gallon L (1000 cm 3) Mass lb kg kip (1000 lb) metric ton (1000kg) Mass/unit length plf kg/m Mass/unit area psf kg/m Mass density pcf kg/m Force lb N kip kn Force/unit length plf N/m klf kn/m Pressure, stress, modules of elasticity psf Pa ksf kpa psi kpa ksi MPa Bending moment, ft-lb N. m torque, moment of force ft-kip kn. m * 4 significant digits **denotes exact conversion
METRIC CONVERSION TABLE Multiply By To Obtain Millimetres 0.03937 Inches Millimetres 0.003281 Feet Metres 3.281 Feet Kilometres 0.
Linear Measure Square Measure or Area Volume or Capacity Mass Density Force* Pressure* or Stress* Temperature METRIC CONVERSION TABLE Multiply By To Obtain Millimetres 0.03937 Inches Millimetres 0.003281
Preferred SI (Metric) Units
Quantity Unit Symbol LENGTH meter m Preferred SI (Metric) Units Metric-U.S. Customary Unit Equivalents 1 m = 1000 mm = 39.37 in. = millimeter mm 25.4 mm = 1 inch micrometer μm 1 μm = 10-6 m Remarks 3.281
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