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1 Page 1 of Two-dimensional solid element library Products: Abaqus/Standard Abaqus/Explicit Abaqus/CAE References Solid (continuum) elements, Section *SOLID SECTION Element types Plane strain elements CPE3 CPE3H (S) CPE4 (S) CPE4H (S) CPE4I (S) CPE4IH (S) CPE4R CPE4RH (S) CPE6 (S) CPE6H (S) CPE6M CPE6MH (S) CPE8 (S) CPE8H (S) CPE8R (S) CPE8RH (S) 3-node linear 3-node linear, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes, hybrid with linear pressure 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node quadratic 6-node quadratic, hybrid with linear pressure 6-node modified, with hourglass control 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure Active degrees of freedom 1, 2

2 Page 2 of 26 Additional solution variables The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPE4I and CPE4IH have five additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element types CPE6M and CPE6MH have two additional displacement variables. Plane stress elements CPS3 CPS4 (S) CPS4I (S) CPS4R CPS6 (S) CPS6M CPS8 (S) CPS8R (S) 3-node linear 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node quadratic 6-node modified, with hourglass control 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration Active degrees of freedom 1, 2 Additional solution variables Element type CPS4I has four additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element type CPS6M has two additional displacement variables. Generalized plane strain elements CPEG3 (S) CPEG3H (S) CPEG4 (S) CPEG4H (S) CPEG4I (S) CPEG4IH (S) CPEG4R (S) 3-node linear triangle 3-node linear triangle, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, incompatible modes 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, incompatible modes, hybrid with linear pressure 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, reduced integration with

3 Page 3 of 26 CPEG4RH (S) CPEG6 (S) CPEG6H (S) CPEG6M (S) CPEG6MH (S) CPEG8 (S) CPEG8H (S) CPEG8R (S) CPEG8RH (S) hourglass control 4-node bilinear quadrilateral, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node quadratic triangle 6-node quadratic triangle, hybrid with linear pressure 6-node modified, with hourglass control 6-node modified, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic quadrilateral, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure Active degrees of freedom 1, 2 at all but the reference node 3, 4, 5 at the reference node Additional solution variables The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPEG4I and CPEG4IH have five additional variables relating to the incompatible modes. Element types CPEG6M and CPEG6MH have two additional displacement variables. Coupled temperature-displacement plane strain elements CPE3T CPE4T (S) CPE4HT (S) CPE4RT CPE4RHT (S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure

4 Page 4 of 26 CPE6MT CPE6MHT (S) CPE8T (S) CPE8HT (S) CPE8RT (S) CPE8RHT (S) 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure Active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 11 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements in Abaqus/Standard 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements in Abaqus/Standard Additional solution variables The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPE6MT and CPE6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Coupled temperature-displacement plane stress elements CPS3T CPS4T (S) CPS4RT CPS6MT CPS8T (S) CPS8RT (S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration Active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 11 at corner nodes

5 Page 5 of 26 1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements in Abaqus/Standard 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements in Abaqus/Standard Additional solution variables Element type CPS6MT has two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Coupled temperature-displacement generalized plane strain elements CPEG3T (S) CPEG3HT (S) CPEG4T (S) CPEG4HT (S) CPEG4RT (S) CPEG4RHT (S) CPEG6MT (S) CPEG6MHT (S) CPEG8T (S) CPEG8HT (S) CPEG8RHT (S) 3-node linear displacement and temperature 3-node linear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, hybrid with constant pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and temperature, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and temperature, with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear temperature, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure Active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 11 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes of second-order elements 1, 2, 11 at midside nodes of modified displacement and temperature elements 3, 4, 5 at the reference node Additional solution variables

6 Page 6 of 26 The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to pressure, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to pressure. Element types CPEG6MT and CPEG6MHT have two additional displacement variables and one additional temperature variable. Diffusive heat transfer or mass diffusion elements DC2D3 (S) DC2D4 (S) DC2D6 (S) DC2D8 (S) 3-node linear 4-node linear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic Active degree of freedom 11 Additional solution variables None. Forced convection/diffusion elements DCC2D4 (S) DCC2D4D (S) 4-node 4-node with dispersion control Active degree of freedom 11 Additional solution variables None. Coupled thermal-electrical elements DC2D3E (S) DC2D4E (S) DC2D6E (S) DC2D8E (S) 3-node linear 4-node linear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic Active degrees of freedom

7 Page 7 of 26 9, 11 Additional solution variables None. Pore pressure plane strain elements CPE4P (S) CPE4PH (S) CPE4RP (S) CPE4RPH (S) CPE6MP (S) CPE6MPH (S) CPE8P (S) CPE8PH (S) CPE8RP (S) CPE8RPH (S) 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, hybrid with constant pressure stress 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration with hourglass control 4-node bilinear displacement and pore pressure, reduced integration with hourglass control, hybrid with constant pressure 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure, with hourglass control 6-node modified displacement and pore pressure, with hourglass control, hybrid with linear pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, hybrid with linear pressure stress 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration 8-node biquadratic displacement, bilinear pore pressure, reduced integration, hybrid with linear pressure stress Active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 8 at corner nodes 1, 2 at midside nodes for all elements except CPE6MP and CPE6MPH, which also have degree of freedom 8 active at midside nodes Additional solution variables The constant pressure hybrid elements have one additional variable relating to the effective pressure stress, and the linear pressure hybrid elements have three additional variables relating to the effective pressure stress to permit fully incompressible material modeling. Element types CPE6MP and CPE6MPH have two additional displacement variables and one additional pore pressure variable. Acoustic elements

8 Page 8 of 26 AC2D3 AC2D4 (S) AC2D4R (E) AC2D6 (S) AC2D8 (S) 3-node linear 4-node bilinear 4-node bilinear, reduced integration with hourglass control 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic Active degree of freedom 8 Additional solution variables None. Piezoelectric plane strain elements CPE3E (S) CPE4E (S) CPE6E (S) CPE8E (S) CPE8RE (S) 3-node linear 4-node bilinear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration Active degrees of freedom 1, 2, 9 Additional solution variables None. Piezoelectric plane stress elements CPS3E (S) CPS4E (S) CPS6E (S) CPS8E (S) CPS8RE (S) 3-node linear 4-node bilinear 6-node quadratic 8-node biquadratic 8-node biquadratic, reduced integration Active degrees of freedom

9 Page 9 of 26 1, 2, 9 Additional solution variables None. Nodal coordinates required X, Y Element property definition For all elements except generalized plane strain elements, you must provide the element thickness; by default, unit thickness is assumed. For generalized plane strain elements, you must provide three values: the initial length of the axial material fiber through the reference node, the initial value of (in radians), and the initial value of (in radians). If you do not provide these values, Abaqus assumes the default values of one unit as the initial length and zero for and. In addition, you must define the reference point for generalized plane strain elements. Input File Usage: Use the following option to define the element properties for all elements except generalized plane strain elements: *SOLID SECTION Use the following option to define the element properties for generalized plane strain elements: *SOLID SECTION, REF NODE=node number or node set name Abaqus/CAE Usage: Property module: Create Section: select Solid as the section Category and Homogeneous or Generalized plane strain as the section Type Generalized plane strain sections must be assigned to regions of parts that have a reference point associated with them. To define the reference point: Part module: Tools Reference Point: select reference point Element-based loading Distributed loads Distributed loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Distributed loads, Section Load ID (*DLOAD): BX Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force

10 Page 10 of 26 Units: FL 3 Description: Body force in global X-direction. Load ID (*DLOAD): BY Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL 3 Description: Body force in global Y-direction. Load ID (*DLOAD): BXNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL 3 Description: Nonuniform body force in global X-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. Load ID (*DLOAD): BYNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body force Units: FL 3 Description: Nonuniform body force in global Y-direction with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. Load ID (*DLOAD): CENT (S) Units: FL 4 (ML 3 T 2 ) Description: Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as, where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements. Load ID (*DLOAD): CENTRIF (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Rotational body force

11 Page 11 of 26 Units: T 2 Description: Centrifugal load (magnitude is input as, where is the angular velocity). Load ID (*DLOAD): CORIO (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Coriolis force Units: FL 4 T (ML 3 T 1 ) Description: Coriolis force (magnitude is input as, where is the mass density per unit volume, is the angular velocity). Not available for pore pressure elements. Load ID (*DLOAD): GRAV Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Gravity Units: LT 2 Description: Gravity loading in a specified direction (magnitude is input as acceleration). Load ID (*DLOAD): HPn (S) Description: Hydrostatic pressure on face n, linear in global Y. Load ID (*DLOAD): Pn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Description: Pressure on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): PnNU Description: Nonuniform pressure on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in

12 Page 12 of 26 Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. Load ID (*DLOAD): ROTA (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Rotational body force Units: T 2 Description: Rotary acceleration load (magnitude is input as, where is the rotary acceleration). Load ID (*DLOAD): SBF (E) Units: FL 5 T 2 Description: Stagnation body force in global X- and Y-directions. Load ID (*DLOAD): SPn (E) Units: FL 4 T 2 Description: Stagnation pressure on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Description: Shear traction on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRSHRnNU (S) Description: Nonuniform shear traction on face n with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD.

13 Page 13 of 26 Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Description: General traction on face n. Load ID (*DLOAD): TRVECnNU (S) Description: Nonuniform general traction on face n with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. Load ID (*DLOAD): VBF (E) Units: FL 4 T Description: Viscous body force in global X- and Y-directions. Load ID (*DLOAD): VPn (E) Units: FL 3 T Description: Viscous pressure on face n, applying a pressure proportional to the velocity normal to the face and opposing the motion. Foundations Foundations are available for Abaqus/Standard elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Element foundations, Section Load ID (*FOUNDATION): Fn (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Elastic foundation

14 Page 14 of 26 Units: FL 3 Description: Elastic foundation on face n. Distributed heat fluxes Distributed heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section Load ID (*DFLUX): BF Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body heat flux Units: JL 3 T 1 Description: Heat body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body heat flux Units: JL 3 T 1 Description: Nonuniform heat body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL 2 T 1 Description: Heat surface flux per unit area into face n. Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU (S) Units: JL 2 T 1 Description: Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area into face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Film conditions

15 Page 15 of 26 Film conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section Load ID (*FILM): Fn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL 2 T 1 1 Description: Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n. Load ID (*FILM): FnNU (S) Units: JL 2 T 1 1 Description: Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM. Radiation types Radiation conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section Load ID (*RADIATE): Rn Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface radiation Units: Dimensionless Description: Emissivity and sink temperature (units of ) provided on face n. Distributed flows Distributed flows are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Pore fluid flow, Section Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): Qn (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore

16 Page 16 of 26 pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on face n (units of FL 2 ). Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): QnD (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Drainage-only seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the surface pore pressure on face n only when that pressure is positive. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): QnNU (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Nonuniform seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on face n (units of FL 2 ) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FLOW. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): Sn (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid Units: LT 1 Description: Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face) on face n. Load ID (*FLOW/ *DFLOW): SnNU (S) Units: LT 1 Description: Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the face) on face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLOW. Distributed impedances Distributed impedances are available for all elements with acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section

17 Page 17 of 26 Load ID (*IMPEDANCE): In Units: None Description: Name of the impedance property that defines the impedance on face n. Electric fluxes Electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements. They are specified as described in Piezoelectric analysis, Section Load ID (*DECHARGE): EBF (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body charge Units: CL 3 Description: Body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DECHARGE): ESn (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface charge Units: CL 2 Description: Prescribed surface charge on face n. Distributed electric current densities Distributed electric current densities are available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. They are specified as described in Coupled thermal-electrical analysis, Section Load ID (*DECURRENT): CBF (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body current Units: CL 3 T 1 Description: Volumetric current source density. Load ID (*DECURRENT): CSn (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface current

18 Page 18 of 26 Units: CL 2 T 1 Description: Current density on face n. Distributed concentration fluxes Distributed concentration fluxes are available for mass diffusion elements. They are specified as described in Mass diffusion analysis, Section Load ID (*DFLUX): BF (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body concentration flux Units: PT 1 Description: Concentration body flux per unit volume. Load ID (*DFLUX): BFNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Body concentration flux Units: PT 1 Description: Nonuniform concentration body flux per unit volume with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Load ID (*DFLUX): Sn (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface concentration flux Units: PLT 1 Description: Concentration surface flux per unit area into face n. Load ID (*DFLUX): SnNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface concentration flux Units: PLT 1 Description: Nonuniform concentration surface flux per unit area into face n with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX.

19 Page 19 of 26 Surface-based loading Distributed loads Surface-based distributed loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Distributed loads, Section Load ID (*DSLOAD): HP (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Description: Hydrostatic pressure on the element surface, linear in global Y. Load ID (*DSLOAD): P Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Description: Pressure on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): PNU Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Description: Nonuniform pressure on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DLOAD in Abaqus/Standard and VDLOAD in Abaqus/Explicit. Load ID (*DSLOAD): SP (E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL 4 T 2 Description: Stagnation pressure on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHR Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction

20 Page 20 of 26 Description: Shear traction on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRSHRNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Description: Nonuniform shear traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVEC Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Description: General traction on the element surface. Load ID (*DSLOAD): TRVECNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface traction Description: Nonuniform general traction on the element surface with magnitude and direction supplied via user subroutine UTRACLOAD. Load ID (*DSLOAD): VP (E) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Pressure Units: FL 3 T Description: Viscous pressure on the element surface. The viscous pressure is proportional to the velocity normal to the element surface and opposing the motion. Distributed heat fluxes Surface-based heat fluxes are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section

21 Page 21 of 26 Load ID (*DSFLUX): S Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL 2 T 1 Description: Heat surface flux per unit area into the element surface. Load ID (*DSFLUX): SNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface heat flux Units: JL 2 T 1 Description: Nonuniform heat surface flux per unit area applied on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLUX. Film conditions Surface-based film conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section Load ID (*SFILM): F Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL 2 T 1 1 Description: Film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface. Load ID (*SFILM): FNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface film condition Units: JL 2 T 1 1 Description: Nonuniform film coefficient and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FILM. Radiation types Surface-based radiation conditions are available for all elements with temperature degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Thermal loads, Section

22 Page 22 of 26 Load ID (*SRADIATE): R Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface radiation Units: Dimensionless Description: Emissivity and sink temperature (units of ) provided on the element surface. Distributed flows Surface-based flows are available for all elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Pore fluid flow, Section Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): Q (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on the element surface (units of FL 2 ). Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): QD (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Drainage-only seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the surface pore pressure on the element surface only when that pressure is positive. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): QNU (S) Units: F 1 L 3 T 1 Description: Nonuniform seepage (outward normal flow) proportional to the difference between surface pore pressures and a reference sink pore pressure on the element surface (units of FL 2 ) with magnitude supplied via user subroutine FLOW. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): S (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid

23 Page 23 of 26 Units: LT 1 Description: Prescribed pore fluid effective velocity outward from the element surface. Load ID (*SFLOW/ *DSFLOW): SNU (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface pore fluid Units: LT 1 Description: Nonuniform prescribed pore fluid effective velocity (outward from the surface) on the element surface with magnitude supplied via user subroutine DFLOW. Distributed impedances Surface-based impedances are available for all elements with acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section Incident wave loading Surface-based incident wave loads are available for all elements with displacement degrees of freedom or acoustic pressure degrees of freedom. They are specified as described in Acoustic and shock loads, Section If the incident wave field includes a reflection off a plane outside the boundaries of the mesh, this effect can be included. Electric fluxes Surface-based electric fluxes are available for piezoelectric elements. They are specified as described in Piezoelectric analysis, Section Load ID (*DSECHARGE): ES (S) Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface charge Units: CL 2 Description: Prescribed surface charge on the element surface. Distributed electric current densities Surface-based electric current densities are available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. They are specified as described in Coupled thermal-electrical analysis, Section Load ID (*DSECURRENT): CS (S)

24 Page 24 of 26 Abaqus/CAE Load/Interaction: Surface current Units: CL 2 T 1 Description: Current density applied on the element surface. Element output Output is in global directions unless a local coordinate system is assigned to the element through the section definition ( Orientations, Section 2.2.5) in which case output is in the local coordinate system (which rotates with the motion in large-displacement analysis). See State storage, Section of the Abaqus Theory Manual, for details. Stress, strain, and other tensor components Stress and other tensors (including strain tensors) are available for elements with displacement degrees of freedom. All tensors have the same components. For example, the stress components are as follows: S11 S22 S33 S12, direct stress., direct stress., direct stress (not available for plane stress elements)., shear stress. Heat flux components Available for elements with temperature degrees of freedom. HFL1 HFL2 Heat flux in the X-direction. Heat flux in the Y-direction. Pore fluid velocity components Available for elements with pore pressure degrees of freedom. FLVEL1 FLVEL2 Pore fluid effective velocity in the X-direction. Pore fluid effective velocity in the Y-direction. Mass concentration flux components Available for elements with normalized concentration degrees of freedom. MFL1 MFL2 Concentration flux in the X-direction. Concentration flux in the Y-direction. Electrical potential gradient Available for elements with electrical potential degrees of freedom.

25 Page 25 of 26 EPG1 EPG2 Electrical potential gradient in the X-direction. Electrical potential gradient in the Y-direction. Electrical flux components Available for piezoelectric elements. EFLX1 EFLX2 Electrical flux in the X-direction. Electrical flux in the Y-direction. Electrical current density components Available for coupled thermal-electrical elements. ECD1 ECD2 Electrical current density in the X-direction. Electrical current density in the Y-direction. Node ordering and face numbering on elements For generalized plane strain elements, the reference node associated with each element (where the generalized plane strain degrees of freedom are stored) is not shown. The reference node should be the same for all elements in any given connected region so that the bounding planes are the same for that region. Different regions may have different reference nodes. The number of the reference node is not incremented when the elements are generated incrementally (see Creating elements from existing elements by generating them incrementally in Element definition, Section 2.2.1). Triangular element faces Face face Face face Face face

26 Page 26 of 26 Quadrilateral element faces Face face Face face Face face Face face Numbering of integration points for output For heat transfer applications a different integration scheme is used for triangular elements, as described in Triangular, tetrahedral, and wedge elements, Section of the Abaqus Theory Manual.