Nuclear astrophysics with stable beams: Present status and perspectives in nuclear astrophysics studies of the 12 C(α,γ) 16 O reaction
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1 Nuclear astrophysics with stable beams: Present status and perspectives in nuclear astrophysics studies of the 12 C(α,γ) 16 O reaction Problematics Present status Perspectives CSNSM Orsay May 27-30th 2008 Gammapool, Strasbourg
2 Helium burning 3 α 12 C (7.16) C+ 4 He 16 O 12 C+ 4 He Influence on: [C]/[O] Further hydrostatic burning stages 16 O 0 0+ Final states of stars
3 T ~ 0.2 x 10 9 K 12 C (α,( γ) O E(Gamow peak) ~ 300 kev σ(300 kev) barn! Reaction rates Extrapolation : R- or K-matrix formalism Microscopic cluster models For each contribution: capture to the ground state and to excited states E1 : large 1 - subthreshold resonance level below the reaction threshold E2 : Direct capture level below the reaction threshold Need of E1, E2 for E* ground state (γ-ray angular distributions) and for E* excited state
4 Indirect methods : β-delayed α-decay of 16 N 16 O Coulomb breakup Transfer reaction, ANC method Trojan-horse method β-delayed p-decay of 17 Ne R: 79 ± 21 kevb K: 82 ± 26 kevb S E1 (300) 16 N β + 16 O α + 12 C Azuma et al. Phys. Rev. C 50, (1994) 1194
5 Direct methods in direct kinematics: α-beam, 12 C target, γ-ray detection Intense α-beam : up to 700 pμa (Stuttgart dynamitron) pulsed α-beams (Tokyo, Karlsruhe) 12 C targets: isotopically pure and resistant to α-beams : 12 C implantation efficient water cooling sophisticated γ-ray arrays: angular distribution: in a few steps (turn table) simultaneously (4π-array) background suppression: shieldings or coincidences with pulsed beams
6 γ-ray angular distributions : in a few steps: turn table (as Kunz et al, Fey et al...) simultaneously: 4π-array (as Assunçao et al) Ex : Assunçao et al. PRC 73 (2006) : «Eurogam» setup γ-ray angular distribution at 9 different angles simultaneously with 9 HP-Ge detectors very good energy resolution E cm eff = MeV Compton suppression (active BGO shields) Total γ efficiency at 10 MeV : 1.2x10-3 in experimental conditions ( at 1.33MeV)
7 PhD M. Fey (2003) α beam 700μA Assunçao et al. PRC 73 (2006) α beam 400μA MeV MeV MeV MeV θ MeV MeV θ 1.53 MeV 2.68 MeV MeV θ θ PhD R. Plag (2005) pulsed beam ; 6μA
8 Present S E1 results to the ground state R-matrix fits of α-scattering data β-delayed α-decay of 16 N the radiative capture data S E1 taking into account 3 levels 4 interference combinations Best χ 2 -> S E1 (300) = 77±17 kevb Hammer et al. Nucl. Phys. A758 (2005) 363c
9 Present S E2 results to the ground state S E2 R-matrix fits of α-scattering data the radiative capture data taking into account 5 levels 16 interference combinations Best χ 2 -> S E2 (300) = 81 ± 22 kevb Hammer et al.nucl. Phys. A758 (2005) 363c
10 S E1, S E2 to ground state Cascades and S tot radiative capture to 16 O excited states: J π = 1 -, 7.12 MeV ; J π = 2 +, 6.92 MeV and J π = 0 +, 6.05 MeV High γ-ray background: Up to 2006, only based on intensities of the 6.92 MeV and 7.12 MeV or both together γ-ray considered as giving the cascade amount: only an upper limit Results obtained either in direct or inverse kinematics Kettner et al. Z. Phys. A 308 (1982) 73 Redder et al. Nucl.Phys. A462, 385 (1987)
11 Cascades to the 6.92 and 7.12 MeV levels Redder et al. Nucl.Phys. A462, 385 (1987) S 6.9 (300) = 6 ± 3 kevb x : Kettner et al. Z. Phys. A 308 (1982) 73 - : Redder et al. Nucl.Phys. A462, 385 (1987) 6.92 S 7.1 (300) = kevb -1.0 S 6.9 (300) =7 +13 kevb -4 Buchmann& Barnes Nucl. Phys. A777 (2006) 254
12 Direct methods in inverse kinematics: 12 C-beam, 4 He-gas target γ-ray detection 16 O-recoil measurement 1000 ERNA s data Schürmann et al. EpJ A 26 (2005) 301 Thanks Schürmann, Kunz, Strieder et al. 12 C n+ E1 and E2 data : Assunçao et al. PRC 73(2006) and Fey PhD thesis (2004) Univ. Stuttgart S [kev-b] 100 total 10 European Recoil Separator for Nuclear Astrophysics 16 O m+ E1 Kaskaden E E cm [MeV] R-Matrix calculation ΔE-E Kunz et al. Ap.J. 567 (2002) 643 E1, E2, cascades ( ), total
13 S(MeVb) γ-array: BGO Cascades to the MeV level Matei et al. PRL 97 (2006) S 6.0 (300) = kevb -15 Detector of Recoils and Gammas of Nuclear reactions
14 ERNA s data Schürmann et al. EpJ A 26 (2005) 301 Thanks Kunz, Strieder et al. Preliminary results : new R-matrix calculation, Kunz et al. Preliminary results : new R-matrix calculation, Kunz et al.
15 Ge detector at 90 coïncidence with 16 O in ERNA : at E cm = 4.9 MeV on resonance, off resonance without target Matei et al. PRL 97 (2006) , ,6.01,6.13, 6.92, & & D. Schürmann PhD, Univ. Bochum 2007 E cm = MeV Sum of the BGO spectra in coincidence with 16 O recoil nuclei Assunçao et al. PRC 73 (2006) Strasbourg Doppler shift amplified by target extension
16 3 R-matrix calculations S(300) Fey et al (2004) 2 experiments + previous E cm eff : MeV Buchmann and Barnes (2006) All available data + ERNA +DRAGON NACRE (1999) E ± 17 kevb 80 ± 20 kevb 79 ± 21 kevb E2 0 Casc. Total 81 ± 22 kevb 4 ± 4 kevb 162 ± 39 kevb kevb kevb (6.92 MeV) kevb (6.05 MeV) -15 (Σ=165 kevb) 120 ± 60 kevb
17 Perspectives 16 N β + 16 O α + 12 C New measurements to improve the precision on the S E1 Accelerator of intense 4 He beam 3 to 5 MV with ECR source With pulsed beams? Gas vs 12 C targets (Coincidences with) a new γ-ray detector array (angular distributions, cascades) + a recoil separator (for inverse kinematics studies) 2 in use : DRAGON (TRIUMF) and ERNA (Bochum) Detection efficiency : up to 100% of the more probable charge state at the charge equilibrium (50% of the 16 O with a poststripper) - present limitations : intensity through WF, target extension - only the total cross section with dense jet gas target (smal extension)
18 Perspectives + a new γ-ray detector array energy resolution vs efficiency With Ge detectors? to separate the transitions EXOGAM? enough statistics EUROBALL? or new ones : LaBr3 array? A Paris detector? (LaBr3 + CsI) Preliminary results : Cimala et al. Kraków, Debrecen, Orsay, Warsaw 27 Al (p,γ) 28 Si E p = 992 kev K Preliminary6.02 results : Cimala et al. Kraków, Debrecen, Orsay Warsaw LaBr 3 (Ce) 2 x2 AGATA?
19 Eurogam-detector collaboration M. Assunção, M. Fey,, J. Kiener, V. Tatischeff, J.W. Hammer, C. Beck, C. Boukari-Pelissie, A. Coc, J.J. Correia, S. Courtin, F. Fleurot, E. Galanopoulos, C. Grama, F. Haas, F. Hammache, F. Hannachi, S. Harissopulos, A. Korichi, R. Kunz, D. Ledu, A. Lopez- Martens, D. Malcherek, R. Meunier, Th. Paradellis, M. Rousseau, N. Rowley, G. Staudt, S. Szilner, J.P. Thibaud, and J.L. Weil CSNSM-Orsay; IfS-Stuttgart; IPHC/IReS-Strasbourg; KVI-Groningen; INP-Athens; GSI-Darmstadt (IPN-Orsay); PI-Tübingen; DP-Lexington (II-Budapest) ERNA s collaboration D. Schürmann, A. Di Leva, L. Gialanella, D. Rogalla, F. Strieder, N. De Cesare, A. D'Onofrio, G. Imbriani, R. Kunz, C. Lubritto, A. Ordine, V. Roca, C. Rolfs, M. Romano, F. Schümann, F. Terrasi, and H.-P. Trautvetter INFN & Univ.-Naples; IE3-Bochum; PARIS collaboration 100 physicists, engineers and PhD students, 38 institutions from 16 countries and principally : IFJ PAN-Kraków, ATOMKI-Debrecen, CSNSN-Orsay and Univ.-Warsaw
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