As of July 20, 2011 The Great East Japan Earthquake Information from Official Websites

Transcription

1 The Great East Japan Earthquake Information from Official Websites Preface We, Department of International Affairs of JST, originally made this English version of reference booklet on the Great East Japan Earthquake so that it can help ourselves both understand a series of disasters, which have occurred since March 11, 2011, namely the gigantic earthquake and tsunami that struck the north east region of Japan and the subsequent accidents related to Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant, and explain as correctly and adequately as possible based on official information when we are requested from foreign society such as the diplomatic circle in Tokyo or our foreign counterpart organizations. The contents in this reference booklet are as follows; 1. Earthquake and Tsunami - Data of the earthquake and tsunami - Damage of the earthquake and tsunami 2. Nuclear Power Plant Accident - Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant - Water, Food, Atmosphere, etc. - Evacuation - Restoration Plan, etc. These pieces of information are basically from the official announcements of the government of Japan or authorized scientific organizations because we think whose responsibilities are legally stipulated and therefore their information is comparatively reliable. All the information shows its reference such as URL of the websites so that readers can trace and update the information by themselves in accordance with their own interest. The responsibility on cited data in this reference booklet is attributed to organizations who released the data. Recently, we have heard that many foreign researchers tend to be cautious and hesitant and sometimes give up trying to come to Japan because they are not informed of reliable data to make sure of the real radioactivity risks caused by the Fukushima accident. We suppose this case happens partly because official information released from the government of Japan or authorized scientific organizations have not reached to them either in a timely manner or adequate translation for foreign people and they do not know how to do. Hoping it could be a small help to ease and improve the above mentioned situation, we would like to post our reference booklet on website for public use. We would be more than happy if various kinds of information this booklet offers could help as many hesitating foreign researchers as possible to evaluate the situation correctly and decide to come to Japan. 1/67

2 ~Contents~ 地 震 津 波 について/Earthquake and Tsunami 1-1. 地 震 津 波 情 報 Data of the earthquake and tsunami P (1). 地 震 の 規 模 Scale of Earthquake P (2). 津 波 の 規 模 Observed Tsunami P. 5 Column: 津 波 の 海 外 への 影 響 Observed Tsunami in Foreign P. 6 Countries 添 付 資 料 Attachment P. 7 <1-1> Map of Location of the Main Shock and Aftershocks <1-2> Distribution of JMS Seismic Intensity <1-3> Illustration of Seismic Intensity Scale <1-4> Information of Observed Tsunami Column: 津 波 の 高 さ( 遡 上 高 )について Run-Up Hight P 地 震 津 波 による 被 害 について P. 13 Damage of the earthquake and tsunami 1-2-(1). 被 災 者 数 について The Number of Deaths, Injured and P. 13 Missing 1-2-(2). 建 物 被 害 について Damage of Infrastructure P (3). 火 災 発 生 件 数 について The Number of Fires P (4). 地 殻 変 動 地 盤 沈 下 浸 水 地 域 の 状 況 Earthquake P.14 Deformation Column: 液 状 化 Liquefaction P (5). 経 済 的 な 被 害 総 額 Financial Damage P.16 Column: 日 本 の 主 な 被 害 地 震 ( 明 治 以 降 ) Major Earthquakes in P.17 Japan (since the Meiji era, 1868~) Column: 釜 石 市 世 界 一 の 防 波 堤 破 壊 Tsunami destroyed the P.18 world s biggest waterbreak 1-2-(6). 地 震 に 関 連 した 日 本 の 科 学 技 術 Earthquake Early Warning P.19 Column: ユレダス UrEDAS (Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm P.21 System) Column: 東 北 新 幹 線 安 全 神 話 は 健 在 P.22 Tohoku Shinkansen, myth of security is still alive. 2. 原 子 力 発 電 所 事 故 について Nuclear Power Plant Accident 2-1. 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant P (1). 事 故 の 経 緯 Development of the Accident P (2). 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 の 現 状 Current Status of P.26 Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant Column: 福 島 第 一 原 発 1 号 機 の 炉 心 状 態 について The Reactor P.26 2/67

3 3. その 他 As of July 20, (3). 今 後 の 見 通 し Roadmap for Restoration P.27 Column Core Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station P.28 Unit 1 Column: 福 島 第 一 原 発 基 礎 データ General Data on Fukushima P.28 Daiichi Nuclear Power Station 2-2. 飲 料 水 食 品 および 大 気 等 (Water, Food, Atmosphere, etc.) P (1). 飲 料 水 Tap Water P (2). 食 品 Food P (3). 大 気 Atmosphere P (4). 海 洋 Ocean P (5). その 他 Others P.37 Column: ベクレルとシーベルト Becquerel (Bq) v.s. Sievert (Sv) P 避 難 Evacuation P 今 後 の 見 通 し: 収 拾 に 向 けた 取 り 組 み P.45 The Way to Handle the Situation 2-5. レベル7 Level 7 P チェルノブイリ 事 故 との 違 い P.47 Differences between Fukushima and Chernobyl Column: 原 発 内 に 残 る 推 定 放 射 能 量 他 Estimated Radioactivity P.49 left in the Nuclear Plants, etc 日 本 の 原 子 力 政 策 / 安 全 管 理 関 連 組 織 について Japanese P.51 Governmental Bodies concerning Nuclear Policy and Safety 2-8. 地 震 発 生 地 域 における 他 原 発 の 状 況 P.58 Status of other Nuclear Plants in the quake-hit area 添 付 資 料 Attachment P.60 <2-1> Levels of Radioactive Contaminants in Foods <2-2> Maximum Radiation Level in Eastern Japan, March 18, 2011 <2-3> Maximum Radiation Level in Eastern Japan, July18, 2011 <2-4> FAQs for People Living Outside the Evacuation and In-house Evacuation Areas <2-5> Current Status of Roadmap as of May 17, 2011 <2-6> The International Nuclear and Radiological Event Scale 3-1. JST における 取 り 組 み P. 66 JST s efforts to tackle the Great Japan Earthquake ( 注 意 ) 青 字 イタリック: 原 文 ( 日 本 語 )を JST にて 英 訳 項 目 番 号 は 引 用 時 の 構 成 にあわせて 原 文 から 適 宜 変 更 している (Notice) Blue Italic Font: JST translated 3/67 original Japanese text to English. Itemized numbers may be changed from the original for editing

4 1. 地 震 津 波 について ~ Earthquake and Tsunami ~ 1-1. ( 地 震 津 波 情 報 ) Data of the earthquake and tsunami 1-1-(1). 地 震 の 規 模 Scale of Earthquake < 本 震 > Date and Time: 11 March :46 Magnitude: 9.0 (interim value; the largest earthquake recorded in Japan) Epicenter: N38.1, E142.9 (130km ESE off Oshika Peninsula) Depth 24km (interim value) (Attachment <1-1> :Map of location of the Main Shock and Aftershocks) Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) Seismic Intensity: 7 (Max) Kurihara City of Miyagi Prefecture cities and towns (including Wakuya Town, Tome City, Osaki City, Natori City) in Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Tochigi Prefectures 6- or weaker Observed nationwide from Hokkaido to Kyushu (Attachment <1-2>: Distribution of JMA Seismic Intensity) < 余 震 > Aftershock Number: 2 Seismic Intensity Seismic Intensity 5-2 Seismic Intensity Seismic Intensity 4 6 Seismic Intensity 5+ Main aftershocks: On April 7, an earthquake of magnitude 7.4 (preliminary estimate) occurred, with its epicenter off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture. On April 11, a 6.3-magnitude earthquake (preliminary estimate) struck, with its epicenter in the Hamadori area, Fukushima Prefecture. 引 用 : 気 象 庁 The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake -Portal- 緊 急 災 害 対 策 本 部 (May 13, 2011) ( 参 考 情 報 ) (1) Comparison to Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Date and Time: 17 January :46 Magnitude: 7.3 4/67

5 Epicenter: N34.36 E (the northern part of Awaji Island) Depth 16km JMA Seismic Intensity: The maximum Seismic Intensity Scale was 7 in part of Kobe City of Hyogo Prefecture. 引 用 : 神 戸 市 The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Statistics and Restoration Progress (2)Tables explaining the JMA Seismic Intensity Scale (Attachment <1-3>: illustration of Seismic Intensity Scale) (3)Explanation of earthquake magnitude Magnitude refers the size of an earthquake. It s obtained by calculating the maximum amplitude of waves measured by a seismograph. If the energy of the earthquake is large, the magnitude increases. Thus, a difference in magnitude of 1.0 is equivalent to a factor of about 30 in the energy released; a difference in magnitude of 2.0 is equivalent to a factor of 1000 in the energy released. Earthquakes are classified into several levels by magnitude; great (more than M7), moderate (more than M5 and less than M7), light (more than M3 and less than M5), minor (more than M1 and less than M3) and micro(less than M1). 引 用 : 地 震 調 査 研 究 推 進 本 部 " 地 震 の 発 生 メカニズムを 探 る" 防 災 科 学 技 術 研 究 所 Hi-net" 地 震 の 基 礎 知 識 " (2). 津 波 の 規 模 Observed Tsunami: First tsunami Maximum height of tsunami Miyako(Iwate) +0.2m (March 11, 14:48) +8.5m<= (March 11, 15:26) Ofunato(Iwate) -0.2m (March 11, 14:46) +8.0m<= (March 11, 15:18) Soma(Fukushima) +0.3m (March 11, 14:55) +9.3m<= (March 11, 15:51) Ishinomaki(Miyagi) +0.1m (March 11, 14:46) +7.6m<= (March 11, 15:25) Maximum height of tsunami cannot be retrieved so far due to the troubles. Actual maximum height might be higher. (Attachment <1-4>: Information of observed Tsunami) 引 用 : 気 象 庁 The 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake -Portal- 5/67

6 Tsunami Warnings and Advisories:Japan Meteorological Agency issued Tsunami Warning (Major Tsunami) at 14:49, i.e. 3 minutes later of the earthquake. Tsunami Warning and Tsunami Advisory were completely cleared on 17:58, March 13. 引 用 : 防 災 科 学 技 術 研 究 所 Preliminary report of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (March 25, 2011) Column 津 波 の 海 外 への 影 響 Observed Tsunami in foreign countries: The tsunami propagated to the coast of Hawaii, northern and southern America countries, and the Pacific countries. 引 用 : 防 災 科 学 技 術 研 究 所 Preliminary report of the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake (March 25, 2011) The tsunami rolled across the Pacific at 800km/h (500mph) - as fast as a jetliner - before hitting Hawaii and the US West Coast, but there were no reports of major damage from those regions. Thousands of people were ordered to evacuate coastal areas in the states of California, Oregon and Washington. The biggest waves of more than 6-7ft (about 2m) were recorded near California's Crescent City, said the Pacific Tsunami Warning Centre. A tsunami warning extended across the Pacific to North and South America, where many other coastal regions were evacuated, but the alert was later lifted in most parts, including the Philippines, Australia and China. 引 用 :BBC News 6/67

7 Map of location of the Main Shock and Aftershocks Attachment<1-1> 7/67

8 Attachment<1-2> Distribution of JMA Seismic Intensity 8/67

9 Illustration of Seismic Intensity Scale As of July 20, 2011 Attachment<1-3> 9/67

10 Attachment<1-4> Information of observed Tsunami 10/67

11 Column 津 波 の 高 さと 遡 上 高 (Run-Up Height)についての 現 地 調 査 ( 東 京 大 学 地 震 研 究 所 暫 定 ) On 3rd and 4th of April, tsunami investigation was held from Miyako city to Kuji city. At Aonotaki, a Tsunami run-up height of 34.8 m was measured, comparable to 37.9 m at Koboriuchi Fisheries Cooperative Association. The black dots on the map below indicate for surveying points and the white dots are for inspection points. The numbers on bracket by the inspection points are an approximate height, so the result of further investigation is effective. (in meter) Koboriuch Aonotaki Earthquake Research Institute, The University of Tokyo( 東 京 大 学 地 震 研 究 所 ) 11/67

12 遡 上 高 (Run-Up Height)について Height of Tsunami Tidal Observatory Run-Up Height Submerged Depth Trace Height Normal Sea Level (when there is no Tsunami) Height of Tsunami refers to the gap in sea level raised by Tsunami from normal sea level when no Tsunami is taking place. Whereas the height (elevation) which Tsunami runs up from waterfront toward inland is called Run-Up Height, and this is well known to have a height ranging from the comparable one as the Expected Tsunami Height released by Meteorological Agency, to even around quadruple height at a maximum. 参 考 : 日 本 語 原 文 なお 津 波 の 高 さ とは 津 波 がない 場 合 の 潮 位 ( 平 常 潮 位 )から 津 波 によって 海 面 が 上 昇 したその 高 さの 差 を 言 います さらに 海 岸 から 内 陸 へ 津 波 がかけ 上 がる 高 さ( 標 高 )を 遡 上 高 (そじょうこう) と 呼 んでいますが 遡 上 高 は 気 象 庁 から 発 表 される 予 想 される 津 波 の 高 さ と 同 程 度 から 高 い 場 合 には4 倍 程 度 までになることが 知 られています Japan Meteorological Agency ( 気 象 庁 ) 12/67

13 1-2. 地 震 津 波 による 被 害 について (Damage of the earthquake and tsunami) 1-2-(1). 被 災 者 数 ( 死 亡 者 行 方 不 明 者 避 難 者 )について Q1. How bad was human suffering due to the earthquake and tsunami? A2. The earthquake and tsunami devastated the Tohoku district and other regions. Damages were inflicted in Kanto district, too. The number of deaths is 15,560, the number of injured is 5,689, and the number of missing is 5,329 (as of July 13 according to the National Police Agency). The number of those evacuated is approximately 111,532 (as of July 7 at 15:00 according to the Fire and Disaster Management Agency). Latest information available (as of July 13, 2011, according to the National Police Agency) Dead 15,560 Injured 5,689 Missing 5,329 引 用 : 外 務 省 警 察 庁 (2). 建 物 被 害 について Q2. How was the damage regarding the infrastructure and the building in the Tohoku district? A2. In the Tohoku district and other regions, electricity, gas and water were disconnected in many areas. Roads, railways, airports, and other infrastructure were also severely damaged. Currently, the whole nation is working for the post-disaster rehabilitation, and lifelines and infrastructures are gradually recovering, including a partial resumption of operation, from April 13, of Sendai Airport, which had been closed due to the earthquake and tsunami damages. The actual numbers of the building damage were as follows: (July 19, 2011, National Police Agency) - Fully-destroyed: 109,741 - Half-destroyed: 125,373 - Partial damage: 457,967 引 用 : 外 務 省 13/67

14 参 照 : 警 察 庁 緊 急 災 害 警 備 本 部 As of July 20, (3). 火 災 発 生 件 数 について Q3. How many fires were caused by the earthquake? A fires were reported although all the fires were put out by now. (as of April 20, 2011, 11:00) 参 照 : 消 防 庁 災 害 対 策 本 部 BC%882011%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%89%E6%9D%B1%E5%8C%97%E5%9C% B0%E6%96%B9%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E6%B4%8B%E6%B2%96%E5%9 C%B0%E9%9C%87%EF%BC%88%E7%AC%AC109%E5%A0%B1%EF%BC%8 9.pdf 1-2-(4). 地 殻 変 動 地 盤 沈 下 浸 水 地 域 の 状 況 Q4. Did the earthquake cause earthquake deformation? A4. Yes, we observed 1.2 m of vertical (downward) crustal movement and 5.3 m of horizontal (to the east) crustal movement at a maximum. [Observation point: Ojika, Ishinomaki City, Miyagi Prefecture] Horizontal Vertical 引 用 参 照 : 国 土 地 理 院 14/67

15 ( 原 文 ) 3 月 11 日 に 発 生 した 東 北 地 方 太 平 洋 沖 地 震 (M9.0)では 最 大 で 水 平 方 向 に 約 5.3m 上 下 方 向 に 約 1.2m という 極 めて 大 きな 地 殻 変 動 が 観 測 されました 本 震 発 生 時 に 電 子 基 準 点 牡 鹿 ( 宮 城 県 石 巻 市 )が 東 南 東 方 向 へ 約 5.3m 動 き 約 1.2m 沈 下 するな ど 北 海 道 から 近 畿 地 方 にかけて 広 い 範 囲 で 地 殻 変 動 が 観 測 されました Q5. How large area was submerged under water due to tsunamis? A5. Total flooded area in 6 prefectures (Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, Fukushima, Ibaraki, and Chiba) is estimated to be 561 km 2 based on the data collected from satellite images. It is as large as 90 % of Tokyo s 23 wards. 参 照 : 国 土 地 理 院 青 森 岩 手 宮 城 福 島 茨 城 千 葉 の6 県 62 市 町 村 の 空 中 写 真 衛 星 画 像 判 読 によ る 浸 水 範 囲 面 積 の 合 計 は561km2( 山 手 線 の 内 側 の 面 積 63km2 の 約 9 倍 )でした Column Liquefaction ( 液 状 化 ) Liquefaction took place a various place, sand boils and ground subsidence were also observed as a consequence of liquefaction. The manholes floated due to the loss of effective stress, in fact the shaking was not too strong but the frequency was high. According to the Japanese Geotechnical Society, the liquefaction damage by this earthquake was at least 42 km 2 only in the Tokyo Bay area, which might be the worst in the world s history. 写 真 引 用 : 地 盤 工 学 会 東 北 地 方 太 平 洋 沖 地 震 の 災 害 調 査 情 報 一 時 調 査 ( 東 畑 郁 生 委 員 他 からの 調 査 報 告 ) 参 照 : 毎 日 新 聞 デジタル 運 営 サイト 15/67

16 1-2-(5). 経 済 的 な 被 害 総 額 Q6. How much was the financial damage due to the earthquake and tsunami? A6. According to the information from relevant prefectures and ministries, the Cabinet Office estimates that the direct financial damage is approximately 16.9 trillion yen (199 billion US dollars/ Exchange rate: 1USD = 85JPY) as follows: [Reference] Comparison of Financial Damage between the Great East Japan Earthquake and the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake (June 24, 2011) The Great East Japan Earthquake The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Buildings, etc. approx.10.4 trillion yen approx.6.3 trillion yen (housing, offices, plants, machinery, etc.) Lifeline utilities (Water service, gas, electricity, and communication and broadcasting facilities) Social infrastructure (River, road, harbors, drainage, and airport, etc.) Others (including agriculture, forestry and fisheries) approx.1.3 trillion yen approx.2.2 trillion yen approx.3.0 trillion yen approx.0.6 trillion yen approx.2.2 trillion yen approx.0.5 trillion yen Total approx.16.9 trillion yen approx.9.6 trillion yen 参 照 : 内 閣 府 東 日 本 大 震 災 における 被 害 額 の 推 計 について /67

17 Column Major Earthquakes in Japan (since the Meiji era, 1868~)( 日 本 の 主 な 被 害 地 震 ( 明 治 以 降 )) Historically, Japan has been hit by many huge earthquakes which killed thousands of people. This earthquake caused the second heaviest damage next to the Great Kanto Earthquake in 参 照 : 内 閣 府 平 成 22 年 版 防 災 白 書 ( 理 科 年 表 消 防 庁 資 料 日 本 被 害 地 震 総 覧 ) Major Earthquakes in Japan (since the Meiji era) The Great East Japan Earthquake (magnitude) The Great Kanto Earthquake (as of April 20, 2011) (person) , , The1960 Chile Earthquake The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake ,273 2,925 3,064 1,083 1,251 2,306 1,443 3,769 6, , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 27,754 20,000 0 Magnitude Missing and dead (Year) 17/67

18 Column Tsunami destroyed the world s biggest waterbreak ( 釜 石 市 世 界 一 の 防 波 堤 破 壊 ) One of the most severely damaged cites by the Great East Japan Earthquake, Kamaishi City, Iwate Prefecture, was internationally famous for the world s biggest breakwater, which was completed in With 20 m in thickness, its height was 8 m above the ocean surface and its depth was 63 m under sea. Although the waterbreak had durability against an earthquake of M8.5, the tsunami destroyed it into pieces with the power (momentum) equal to 250 jumbo jets at the speed of 1,000 km/hour. In Kamaishi City, 1,331 people are dead or still missing, and 5,038 people have been evacuated. More than 3,846 buildings were fully or partially destroyed. (as of April 19, 2011, 19:00) 引 用 参 照 :YOMIURI ONLINE 参 照 : 岩 手 県 災 害 対 策 本 部 平 成 23 年 東 北 地 方 太 平 洋 沖 地 震 及 び 津 波 災 害 対 応 概 況 ( 平 成 23 年 4 月 19 日 19:00 現 在 ) ou.pdf 18/67

19 1-2-(6). 地 震 に 関 連 した 日 本 の 科 学 技 術 Q7. What is an Earthquake Early Warning? ( 緊 急 地 震 速 報 (Kinkyu Jishin Sokuho) in Japanese) A7. The Earthquake Early Warning system provides advance announcement of the estimated seismic intensities and expected arrival time of principal motion. These estimations are based on prompt analysis of the focus and magnitude of the earthquake using wave form data observed by seismographs near the epicenter. The Earthquake Early Warning is aimed at mitigating earthquake-related damage by allowing countermeasures such as promptly slowing down trains, controlling elevators to avoid danger and enabling people to quickly protect themselves in various environments such as factories, offices, houses and near cliffs. 引 用 : 気 象 庁 19/67

20 Examples of Response to an Earthquake Early Warning As of July 20, 2011 Please note that the period between the Earthquake Early Warning and the arrival of strong tremors is very short, i.e. a matter of seconds (or between several seconds and a few tens of seconds). As a result, areas that are close to the focus of the earthquake may not receive the Earthquake Early Warning transmission before strong tremors hit. Please also note that there are limits to the accuracy of the Earthquake Early Warning, such as the estimated seismic intensity. This is because the system is necessarily dependent on very short-term data. 引 用 : 気 象 庁 20/67

21 Column About UrEDAS (Urgent Earthquake Detection and Alarm System) UrEDAS estimates earthquake parameters such as magnitude, epicentral and hypocentral distance, depth within a few seconds of initial P wave motion. Moreover, it can identify estimated hazardous area based on the M-Δ diagram(figure 1) and issue an alarm immediately(within 4 second) after earthquake detection(figure 2).This is disaster-resistant network system because Its basic function is realized without composing network, and each UrEDAS can fulfill a function independently. In principle, UrEDAS alert earthquake with a magnitude 5.5 or larger within 200km from installation position. But it can detect farther and smaller earthquake and transmit to central management center, we can find out the occurrence of an earthquake in real time. Fig.1 M-Δ Diagram Fig.2 Typical pattern of earthquake motion 引 用 : 消 防 防 災 博 物 館 " 地 震 災 害 の 基 礎 知 識 観 測 と 地 震 予 知 :ユレダス-1 システ ム 概 要 " Page=hpd2_view 図 1のみ First Actual P-Wave Alarm Systems and Examples of Disaster Prevention by Them ( The 14 th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering(October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China) 発 表 資 料 ) 21/67

22 Column Tohoku Shinkansen, "myth of security" is still alive-avoided the trains to derailment accident even unexpected big earthquake. ( 東 北 新 幹 線 安 全 神 話 は 健 在 想 定 超 えた 地 震 でも 脱 線 防 ぐ) When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred around 14:46 on March 11, running Tohoku Shinkansen bullet trains such as "Hayate" detected earthquakes at an early stage and immediately halted before the earthquake's first hit arrived. If Shinkansen runs at maximum speed of 275 kilometers an hour, "It needs 4 kilometers braking distance to stop" (by JR East).And if Shinkansen derailed during braking time, it could be lead to an extensive damage. In this Tohoku Shinkansen case, all bullet trains stopped safely, it has been confirmed that all 11 trains with passengers on board weren't derailed at about 11 pm, over eight hours after earthquake. According to JR East, since the Mid Niigata Prefecture Earthquake in 2004, technical team has been working to reduce time lag between first break detection and stop. As a result, they succeeded in developing new system which enables to reduce active breaking time 1 second, and equipped on all Tohoku Shinkansen trains by 引 用 : 産 経 デジタル /67

23 2. 原 子 力 発 電 所 事 故 について ~ Nuclear Power Plant Accident ~ 2-1. 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 (Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant) 2-1-(1). 事 故 の 経 緯 事 故 直 前 の 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 の 状 況 について(1 号 機 ~6 号 機 ) Q2-1. What was the status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Plant immediately prior to the earth quake? A2-1. Of the six reactors at the Plant of Tokyo Electric Power Co., Ltd. (TEPCO) Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, Units 1, 2 and 3 were in operation at the time of the earthquake. Units 4, 5 and 6 had been shut down for regular maintenance. A certain number of spent fuel rods from each of these six reactors were being stored in spent fuel pools built in the each reactor housing. In Unit 4 only, all of the fuel in the reactor core had been transferred to the spent fuel pool in order to conduct regular maintenance. As a result, there were no fuel rods in the rector core. On the other hand, the number of fuel rods from Unit 4 that were in the spent fuel pool was greater than the number at the other reactors. 事 故 後 の 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 の 状 況 (1 号 機 ~6 号 機 )および 法 定 上 必 要 な 手 続 き について Q2-2. What was the status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant after the earthquake and what were the legally mandated steps? A2-2. At 2:46 p. m. on March 11, 2011, a massive earthquake with a magnitude of 9.0 occurred off the coast of Miyagi Prefecture. The nuclear reactors and turbines of Units 1, 2 and 3 stopped automatically. The steel towers on the plant grounds collapsed as a result of the earthquake, preventing Units 1 through 6from receiving external power. The emergency diesel generators started up automatically. However, as a result of the major tsunami that hit the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant approximately an hour later, at 3:41 p. m., all of the emergency diesel generators at Units 1 through 4 failed and stopped operating, and subsequently the diesel oil tanks were washed away. As a result of this situation, all AC power was lost, and operation continued on battery power only. As this is a situation which must be reported under Article 10 of the Nuclear Disaster Special Measures Law, TEPCO reported the situation to the ational and local governments. The tsunami had flooded not only the pumps but also the turbine building, making it impossible to use the pumps, and there was no power in the central control room as well, making all operations difficult. When the batteries were exhausted and cooling became impossible, TEPCO judged that all cooling functions had been lost, and at 4:36 p. m. TEPCO reported the occurrence of a nuclear power emergency situation to the national and local governments in accordance with Article 15 of the Nuclear 23/67

24 Disaster Special Measures Law. In response, the government announced a nuclear power emergency situation at 7:03 p. m. on March 11. From that point on, the flow of information to the media came almost exclusively from only three sources: the Prime Minister's residence, TEPCO and Nuclear and Industrial Safety Agency (NISA). With regard to cooling operations for the reactors at this point, water vapor inside the reactor at Unit 1 was cooled using the emergency condensers, and water was supplied to Unit 2 and Unit 3 using the steam-driven Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system. Meanwhile, the loss of cooling function at the spent fuel pools in Units 1 through 4 continued. Although the site of Units 5 and 6 had also been damaged by the tsunami, one diesel generator continued to function. As a result, Units 5 and 6 achieved cold shutdown on March 20 as a result of the cooling operation. 電 源 喪 失 の 影 響 について Q2-3. What happened as a result of the loss of power? A2-3. As a result of the total loss of AC power, the ordinary route of released heat to the sea water was cut off. As the batteries had also been exhausted and emergency pumping of water and cooling were unstable, adequate cooling could not be conducted and the fuel rods were exposed to air. The temperature of the fuel rods rose rapidly, and the zirconium in the zirconium alloy fuel cladding tubes reacted with the water, producing large quantities of hydrogen. 電 源 喪 失 の 結 果 各 機 はどのように 対 応 したか Q2-4. How did each unit (from 1 to 6) behave as a result of the loss of power? A2-4. Unit 1 As a result, early in the morning on March12, the pressure in the containment vessel of Unit 1 began to rise due to the leakage of hydrogen, etc., and at the same time the emergency condenser stopped operating at 4:00 a. m. Accordingly, after the reactor vessel was vented at 10:17 a. m., a hydrogen explosion occurred inside the building housing the nuclear reactor at 3:36 p. m., blowing the building apart. In order to continue the cooling operation, the fire service system was used to pump in seawater at 8:20 p. m. Unit 2 At Unit 2, the Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system was functioning, but it was not stable, and the reactor core was exposed. At 11:00 a. m. on March 13, the containment vessel was vented. At 11:30 a. m. on the following day, March 14, the Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system stopped functioning. Although workers began pumping in seawater at 4:34 p. m., the fuel was exposed to air for an extended period of time. Venting was initiated at 12:02 a. 24/67

25 m. on March 15, and at 6:10 a. m. an abnormal noise was heard near the pressure suppression chamber and the pressure dropped, and it is presumed that there was a full-fledged release of the radioactive materials inside the containment vessel. This was subsequently confirmed by measurements of radiation in the atmosphere that were made public. Unit 3 At Unit 3, cooling was conducted using the Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system, and at 1:00 p. m. on March 12 cooling water was pumped in using a high-pressure coolant injection system. However, at 5:10 a. m. on the following day, March 13, the high-pressure coolant injection system stopped operating, and it became impossible to start up the Reactor Core Isolation Cooling system as well. The pressure in the reactor vessel rose sharply, and at 8:41 a. m. the reactor vessel was vented, and seawater was pumped in at 1:12 p. m. At 11:01 a. m. on March 14, a hydrogen explosion occurred inside the Unit 3 reactor building as well, destroying the building. This is presumed to have been caused by the rise in the water temperature in the spent fuel pool, causing the water level to drop and exposing the fuel rods to air, producing hydrogen. Unit 4 At Unit 4 as well, the loss of cooling function at the spent fuel pool caused the temperature of the water in the pool to rise, causing the water level to drop and producing hydrogen, and as a result an explosion occurred at 6:14 a. m. on March 15, destroying that building as well. Unit 5 and 6 Unit 5 and Unit 6, which had been undergoing regular inspection, had lost external power as a result of the earthquake, but a single diesel generator remained in operation and conducted emergency cooling. As a result, cold shutdown was achieved for both of these reactors on March 20. Subsequently, on March 21 and 22, external power was restored. Although cooling function at the spent fuel pools had been lost temporarily, it was subsequently restored, and at present the cooling function is operating and a sound status is being maintained. (Science Council of Japan; May 2, 2011) 25/67

26 2-1-(2). 福 島 第 一 原 子 力 発 電 所 の 現 状 Q2-1 What is the current status and are the recent major events of the Plant? A2-1 *All reactor in Unit 1 to 6 Plant has been shut down. (automatic shutdown at Unit 1 to 3, whereas shut down for regular examination at Unit 4 to 6.) *Fresh water is being injected to the Spent Fuel Pool and the Reactor Core at Unit 1 to 3, and to the Spent Fuel Pool at Unit 4. *The situation inside the reactor building of Unit 1 was confirmed using a remote-controlled robot.(may 13) * Removal of rubble (an amount equivalent to 8 containers) was carried out by remote-controlled heavy machinery. (May13) (METI; May 14, 2011) Column <Reference Information> The Reactor Core Status of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Unit 1 disclosed by TEPCO dated May 15, 2011 福 島 第 一 原 発 1 号 機 の 炉 心 状 態 について(2011 年 5 月 15 日 株 式 会 社 東 京 電 力 が 開 示 ) Regarding the accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station caused by the Tohoku-Chihou-Taiheiyou-Oki Earthquake which occurred on March 11, 2011, we, Tokyo Electric Power Company, have been developing the immediate roadmap to restore the situation, and have taken all measures for this purpose at the moment. Along with these efforts, we have been organizing the past work progress record as well as the plant data after the earthquake. In this task, we have decided to conduct the analysis of the reactor core status based on the currently available records and on the hypothesis led from such records. As a result, we estimate that "regarding the Unit 1, nuclear fuel pellets have melted, falling to the bottom of the reactor pressure vessel at a relatively early stage after the tsunami reached the station." Meanwhile, regarding the reactor core status of Unit 1, because the fuel has been cooled stably by water injection, we believe that there would not be likely the further situation transition, e.g. to the situation where we need to release a large amount of radioactive materials. Because the current analyses are not always able to utilize every necessary information, which means that the analyses result are provisional, we will make effort to have more accurate status of the reactor core through further investigation. For the Unit 2 and 3, we will also conduct the similar analyses. 引 用 : 東 京 電 力 公 式 フェブサイト 26/67

27 今 後 の 見 通 し Q4. How long is it estimated to bring the situation under control? A4. The following two steps set as targets in the previous roadmap remain the same: Step 1: Radiation dose is in steady decline. Step 2: Release of radioactive materials is under control and radiation dose is being significantly held down. (Note) Issues after Step 2 will be categorized as Mid-term Issues Target achievement dates tentatively set in the previous roadmap remains the same, although there will still be various uncertainties and risks: Step 1: targeting mid July Step 2: around 3 to 6 months (after achieving Step 1) See Attachment <2-5> for further details. (METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, May 17, 2011) tus1.pdf tus2.pdf (Reference: April 17, 2011) The following two steps are set as targets: Radiation dose is in steady decline as Step 1 and Release of radioactive materials is under control and radiation dose is being significantly held down as Step 2. Target achievement dates are tentatively set as follows: Step 1 is set at around 3 months and Step 2 is set at around 3 to 6 months after achieving Step 1. We would like to announce, within 6 to 9 months as our target, to the residents of some of the areas whether they will be able to come home. (METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, April 17, 2011) /67

28 Column <Reference Information> General Data on Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station disclosed by TEPCO 福 島 第 一 原 発 基 礎 データ( 株 式 会 社 東 京 電 力 が 開 示 ) Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Output(MW) Start Commercial Operation / / / / / /24 No. of Fuel (Tons-U Assemblies ) loaded (pieces) Main Contractor GE GE Toshiba Toshiba Hitachi Toshiba GE Toshiba Location Futaba-machi, Ohkuma-machi, Futaba-gun, Futaba-gun, Fukushima Pref. Fukushima Pref. Note: Figures for fuels loaded indicate the weight (in tons-u) of uranium fuel in the upper row and the number (in pieces) of fuel assemblies in the lower row. 引 用 : 東 京 電 力 公 式 フェブサイト 28/67

29 2-2. 飲 料 水 食 品 および 大 気 等 (Water, Food, Atmosphere, etc.) 2-2-(1). 飲 料 水 Tap Water 飲 料 水 の 基 準 値 Q2-1. What is the index levels of intake of tap water? A2-1. For radioactive iodeine:300 Bq/kg (for infants: 100 Bq/kg) For cesium: 200bq/kg. Users are requested to refrain from drinking tap water when they exceed the index levels. 飲 料 水 の 検 査 方 針 Q2-2. What is the monitoring policy? A2-2. MHLW(Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare)implements monitoring focused on water supply utilities in Fukushima prefecture and Its neighboring regions (Miyagi, Yamagata, Niigata Ibaraki, Tochigi, Gunma, Saitama, Tokyo, Kanagawa and Chiba). Furthermore, the MHLW accumulates the monitoring results, by collecting nation-wide results of the survey conducted by MEXT and water supply utilities. Inspections are performed more than once per week. 摂 取 制 限 と 公 表 Q2-3.What are the requests for the restrictions on intake of tap water and public announcement by the MHLW? A2-3.MHLW summarizes the nation-wide inspection results and regularly announces them publicly together with the charts indicating the inspected areas and non-inspected areas. In principle, the MHLW requests the restriction of intake and public announcement to water supply utilities whose average inspection results of the radioactive materials in tap water in the last three days exceeds the index levels. However, in case a single inspection outcome considerably exceeds the index levels, the MHLW requests the restriction of intake and public announcement to the said water supply utility. 摂 取 制 限 の 解 除 Q2-4. What are the recommended measures for the cancellation of intake restrictions by water supply utilities? A2-4. Water supply utilities restricting the intake of tap water are recommended to lift their restrictions in case the average inspection results of radioactive materials in tap water in the last immediate 3 days falls below the index levels and that the outcomes have been on the decrease. The MHLW also requests that they properly publicly announce the cancellation of the intake of tap water. 29/67

30 (MHLW: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, April 4, 2011) As of July 20, 2011 現 在 の 東 京 都 の 数 値 Q2-5 What are the current levels of Iodine and Cesuim detected in tap water in Tokyo? A2-5.No radioactive Iodine (131), Cesuim (134 and 137) was detected at five (5) Monitoring points(purification plant) on June 19, (ND ((Not detectable)) (Bureau of Waterworks Tokyo Metropolitan Government) (2). 食 品 Food 検 査 の 対 象 となる 自 治 体 Q2-1. Which local governments are covered by inspection? A2-1. Local governments instructed by the prime minister (Fukushima prefecture, Ibaraki prefecture, Tochigi prefecture, and Gunma prefecture) and the adjacent local governments (Miyagi prefecture, Yamagata prefecture, Niigata prefecture, Nagano prefecture, Saitama prefecture, and Chiba prefecture) and the local government producing food exceeding the prospective regulation values (Tokyo) 現 在 までの 検 査 結 果 Q2-2. What are the results of inspections so far? A2-2. Because the distance from the Fukushima No. 1 Nuclear Power Plant is considered to influence the conditions of fallout the most, the results are sorted out by prefecture (excluding Fukushima prefecture). A. Vegetables (iodine-131) (a) Average or median values exceeding 1,000Bq/kg Spinach (Ibaraki prefecture, Tochigi prefecture, and Chiba prefecture), Parsley (Ibaraki prefecture, Chiba prefecture), Garland chrysanthemum (Tochigi prefecture, Chiba prefecture), Kakina (Tochigi prefecture), Sanchu asian lettuce (Chiba prefecture), Qing-geng-cai (Chiba prefecture), and Celery (Chiba prefecture) (b) Average or median values are between 500Bq/kg and 1,000Bq/kg Spinach (Kanagawa prefecture, Saitama prefecture, Gunma prefecture), Sunny lettus (Ibaraki prefecture), Mizuna (Chiba prefecture, Ibaraki prefecture), Komatsuna (Chiba prefecture, Tokyo, Saitama prefecture, Kanagawa prefecture), Kakina (Gunma prefecture), Leek (Green onions) (Chiba prefecture), and Garland chrysanthemum (Gunma prefecture) 30/67

31 B. Milk (iodine-131) Average or median values are above 500Bq/kg Raw milk (Ibaraki prefecture) 4/4 厚 生 労 働 省 資 料 による 規 制 値 超 過 例 Notes) Cases in which sum of cecium-134 and -137 exceed the provisional regulation values. Parsley (Ibaraki prefecture, 2,110Bq/kg), Spinach (Ibaraki prefecture, 1,931Bq/kg), Komatsuna (Tokyo, 890Bq/kg), Spinach (Tochigi prefecture, 790Bq/kg), Kakina (Gunma prefecture, 555Bq/kg), Mizuna (Ibaraki prefecture, 540Bq/kg) 優 先 して 検 査 される 品 目 Q2-3. What are the items used as indexes (food items checked with a priority)? Q2-3. a.spinach, Garland chrysanthemum, Kakina, Mizuna, Komatsuna (those grown in garden farming are selected with a priority) b. Milk c. Other items separately instructed by the government 検 査 頻 度 と 対 象 地 域 Q2-4. How often and in which area is the inspection conducted? A2-4. About once per week (days of the week to be planned in advance). However, in case radioactive substances exceeding or close to the provisional regulation values are detected, the government may instruct on the number of inspections to be conducted. For agricultural products, the local governments divide prefectural areas into appropriate districts. In order to understand the situation of the spread over the area, samples are taken in a number of municipalities per relevant area which is appropriately divided by the local governments. 出 荷 制 限 摂 取 制 限 Q2-5. What are the requirements for establishing items and areas to which restriction of distribution and/or consumption of foods concerned applies by the government? A2-5. 全 体 1) As for the items exceeding the provisional regulation values, if it is considered that production areas spread, areas and items are covered. 地 域 2)As for the areas, the policy will be on the prefectural basis, taking into consideration of the duty to label production areas in the JAS regulation. However, if the management by prefectures and municipalities are 31/67

32 possible, the prefecture will be divided into multiple blocks. 品 目 3) As for the items, they will be considered on an individual food item basis in the light of the data obtained so far. 出 荷 制 限 摂 取 制 限 の 解 除 Q2-6 What are the requirements for cancelling items and areas to which restriction of distribution and/or consumption of foods concerned applies by the government? A2-6 The cancellation will be based on the application of the relevant local government. (MHLW: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, April 4, 2011) 各 地 域 の 検 査 結 果 Q2-5. What are the current levels of radioactive contaminants in foods tested in respective prefectures? See Attachment <2-1> for further details. (MHLW: Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, July 18, 2011) (3). 大 気 Atmosphere 基 本 方 針 Q2-1.What are the basic policies? A2-1.Basic policies are as follows; (1) Gamma-ray dose rate *Mobile monitoring Continuous survey to cover wider areas with higher concentration of radioactive materials while decreasing the frequency of measurements at current fixed points *Increase in fixed measurement points using personal dosimeters (2) Analyses of radioactive concentration *Air, surface, and soil sampling Prioritized sampling in the areas with higher gamma-ray dose rate *Beta-emitter nuclide analyses Further analyses of radiation level of 90Sr for the samples with higher content of radioactive iodine and cesium (3) Aerial Survey 32/67

33 *Aerial survey of surface contaminations by aerial survey systems loaded on SDF helicopters will be done as soon as possible**. ** Aerial survey of surface contaminations by aerial survey systems loaded on SDF helicopters has been started from March 25, 2011 on a test basis and is expected to be continued by taking findings of the test into consideration as well as by adjusting with Ministry of Defense and Nuclear Safety Commission of Japan. (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, March 21, 2011) icsfiles/afieldfile/2011/03/23/ _1.pdf 東 日 本 地 区 の 放 射 能 測 定 値 の 推 移 ( 過 去 1ヶ 月 間 ) Q2-2. What is the trend in the maximum radiation levels detected in eastern Japan for the past one month? A2-2. See attachment <2-2 & 2-3> for comparison of the data inspected on March 18 and June 18, See also following chart. 33/67

34 34/67 As of July 20, 2011

35 2-2-(4). 海 洋 Ocean 海 域 モニタリング 計 画 ( 文 部 科 学 省 : MEXT) Q2-1. What is the purpose of the sea area monitoring plan? A2-1 A monitoring survey will be implemented in the sea area in order to identify the status of release of radioactive substances from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station. Q2-2. What is the sea area monitoring action plan? A2-2. A research vessel of the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology will measure the air dose rates over and collect seawater samples from the coastal waters near the nuclear facility. The seawater samples collected will be brought back and sent to the Japan Atomic Energy Agency for analysis. Q2-3. What are the monitored items? A2-3 (1) Radioactivity concentrations in the seawater (2) Air dose rates over the sea (3) Radioactivity concentrations in airborne dust over the sea (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, March 22, 2011) icsfiles/afieldfile/2011/03/23/ _2_1.pdf Q2-4. What is the latest findings of the monitoring? A2-4 See below illustration. 35/67

36 36/67 As of July 20, 2011

37 2-2-(5). その 他 Others 日 常 生 活 での 被 爆 Q2-1. What are the radiation levels in daily-life? A2-1. See following illustration prepared by MEXT. As of July 20, 2011 (MEXT: Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, March 20, 2011) icsfiles/afieldfile/2011/04/21/ _ pdf 放 射 線 ダイオキシン 汚 染 と 生 活 習 慣 による 発 がんリスク Q2-2. What are the risks of cancer by dioxin exposure and our lifestyle habits? A2-2. See following illustration showing respective risks prepared by National Cancer Center in Japanese language and translated by JST. 37/67

38 Risks of Cancer - Radiation Dioxin And Lifestyle Habit (**JPHC Study) - Relative Risk All Cancer **Solid Cancer: Hiroshima/Nagasaki Dioxin: Occupational Exposure/Plant Exposure Accident in Italy Specific Cancer *10-15 years after the exposure in the Chelnobyl of the victims at the age of 18 or younger. Hepatitis C infected patient (Liver: 36) Patient with a history of being infected Helicobacter pylori (Gastric: 10) mSv (1.8) Smokers (1.6) Drinking alcohol more than ml per day (1.6) Level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the blood several thousand times (Occupational Exposure)(1.4) Drinking alcohol more than ml per day (1.4) 1000mSv (thyroid: 3.2) Smokers (lung: ) Drinking alcohol more than ml per day (Esophagus: 4.6) mSv (thyroid: 2.1) Daily intake of high-salinity (Stomach: ) Lack of Exercise (Colon <male>: 1.7) Obese (BMI>30) (Bowel: 1.5) (Breath after menopause: 2.3) mSv (thyroid: 1.4) Passive Smoking <Female with no smoking habit> (lung: 1.3) Obese (BMI 30)(1.22) Under-weight (BMI<19)(1.29) Lack of Exercise ( ) High-Salinity ( ) Undetectable Level mSv (1.08) Insufficient vegetable intake (1.06) Passive smoking <Female with no habit of smoking> ( ) Less than 100mSv Level of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in the blood several hundred times (Occupational Exposure)(1.4) **JPHC Study: Japan Public Health Center-Based Prospective Study **Solid Cancer=All cancer except for leukemia ( 固 形 がん 白 血 病 以 外 のがん) (National Cancer Center) Column ベクレル(Bq)とシーベルト(Sv) ベクシル:The becquerel is the SI-derived unit of radioactivity. One Bq is defined as the activity of a quantity of radioactive material in which one nucleus decays per second. シーベルト:The sievert (symbol: Sv) is the International System of Units (SI) SI derived unit of dose equivalent radiation. It attempts to quantitatively evaluate the biological effects of ionizing radiation シーベルトの 単 位 (3つの 単 位 の 関 係 ) 1 シーベルト(Sv)=1000 ミリシーベルト(mSv)=100 万 マイクロシーベルト(μSv) ベクレル(Bq)とシーベルト(Sv)の 換 算 表 Please refer to the chart in A. 2-4 below for coefficients between Bq and Sv 38/67

39 東 京 在 住 者 の 累 積 放 射 線 量 試 算 (1ヶ 月 間 ) Q2-3. The air dose rate in Tokyo is declining, but it is still continuing to be above normal. About how much milli Sv is the accumulated dose (for about a month from March 14 to April 11) of a resident in Tokyo? A2-3. This section explains both the external radiation exposure and internal exposure, i.e. ingestion of radioactive substances in the body. The following calculated values represent typical radiation doses, and the dose varies depending on individual s behaviors and eating habits. 体 の 外 から 受 ける 放 射 線 量 The dose of external radiation exposure from radioactive substances in the air is found to be about 16 micro Sv for a month (assuming that the person stays outdoors for 8 hours a day) since March 14, by adding up the data announced by the MEXT and then subtracting the average dose at normal times. 放 射 性 物 質 を 体 の 中 に 取 り 込 むことによって 受 ける 放 射 線 量 ( 水 食 品 呼 吸 ) Water: Radiation exposure doses should take into consideration water, food and breathing. Suppose you drink 1.65 liter of tap water a day. The exposure from tap water will be an estimated 10 micro Sv or thereabouts using the data from the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (Please refer to Question Q2-3 below). Food: Suppose you drink milk containing 20Bq/kg iodine-131, 1 Bq/kg Cesium-137 and 1 Bq/kg Cesium-134, eat fish likewise containing 2 Bq/kg, 1 Bq/kg, 1 Bq/kg, respectively, and also eat vegetables containing 150, 10, 10 Bq/kg, respectively, every day for one month. Your exposure dose is estimated to be about 69 micro Sv. Inhalation: The exposure from inhaling radioactive materials in the air is estimated to be about 21 micro Sv based on the Tokyo Metropolitan Government s data about radioactive substances in the dust, in the case of breathing 22.2 cubic meter of air. 上 記 合 計 With all the above figures combined, the total is about 120 micro Sv for a month. This is lower than the upper level of radiation exposure in a round trip by airplane between Tokyo and New York and not hazardous to your health. You, however, need to pay close attention to announcements by the governmental offices and follow instructions and guidance when they are issued. 自 分 が 生 活 する 地 域 の 累 積 放 射 線 量 の 計 算 例 Q2-4 How can I find my accumulated dose in the area where I live? 39/67