*Kazumichi Ohtsuka a,b a. The University of Tokyo, RCAST b. Economics and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet office, Government of Japan

Transcription

1 *Kazumichi Ohtsuka a,b a The University of Tokyo, RCAST b Economics and Social Research Institute (ESRI), Cabinet office, Government of Japan

2 My Interest of Research Human Behavior in crowded situations Point: Making mathematical model describing Real situation. However. To make good model, there is trade-off between Personality and Universality. Personality: Can describe not only individual characteristics but also features of human like Nationality or Religious dependences. Universality: Can describe important characteristics even if we neglect details of human.

3 My Strategies Make Simplest toy model but including important factors. Identify by Real Data. Update proposed simple models to ones including what we confirm. Today s Topic: Put the weight on Quantitative Discussions about our pedestrian experiments in Japan

4 My targets What kinds of human behaviors I am considering now? Crowd dynamics: For simplicity, We restrict the target the pedestrians walking to Exit. Let s think about what is the important and interested things. Even if restricted situations, we can make variety of experimental setup.

5 Simple Experimental setups Experimental setup1: Uni-direction pedestrians movement 1. walking through the street line 2. walking through the corner Simple walking situations are almost similar to a single-pedestrian. What should we consider as a Next Step? Notice: We can neglect personality of Pedestrians because of weak interactions. We can use analogies from the knowledge of Classical Fluid Mechanics.

6 Experimental setups unveiling human behaviors To confirm inherent behaviors of human, we need to give a proper Perturbation to controlled pedestrians. My Opinion: Effects of Specified conditions for pedestrians behaviors, such as boundary conditions, group effect and so on, become clear by giving Perturbations. Examples: Bi-direction pedestrians movement Collision processes of crowd works well. Perturbations gives chance to observe decision making processes including both Consciousness and Unconsciousness.

7 Example 1. Experimental setup of Pedestrian dynamics Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group including Relationship Perturbation: Collision Process

8 Experimental setup 2m 6m 2m 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. 2.5m Walking Area Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group without Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process 25persons

9 Experimental Results (Video1) Trial_4 2m 6m 2m 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. 2.5m Walking Area 25persons Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group without Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process

10 Collision of two pedestrian-groups walking through the street line (No-relationship) 3m 3m 2m 2.5m 2m 25persons 25persons Each group makes a line; pedestrians to the left (right) make 3 lines (2 lines). Lines 2 and 5 collide each other at the red circle. Some Pedestrians stuck at the center point of collision. Trial_4

11 Experimental setup with relationship 2m 6m 2m 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. 2.5m Walking Area 25persons Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group with Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process Each group includes 2-Pedestrian clusters. The number of cluster is 3. This structure gives differences to pedestrian dynamics.

12 Experimental Results (Video2) Trial_7 2m 6m 2m 2.5m Walking Area 25persons

13 2m 3m 3m 2m Collision of two pedestrian-groups walking through the street line ( 2pedestrian-clusters 3 in each group) 2.5m 25persons 25persons All 2pedestrian-clusters make formation parallel to the walking direction street lines. We can find simple rotation. Cluster try to decrease contact area by changing their formation (rotation). Trial_7

14 Experimental setup with relationship 2m 6m 2m 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. 2.5m Walking Area 25persons Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group with Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process Each group includes 3-Pedestrian clusters. The number of cluster is 2. Are The basic proper.es change by cluster size?

15 Experimental Results (Video3) Trial_9 2m 6m 2m 2.5m Walking Area 25persons

16 2m 3m 3m 2m Collision of two pedestrian-groups walking through the street line ( 3pedestrian-clusters 2 in each group) 2.5m 25persons 25persons Forward (backward) groups make street lines (triangle formation) Each group makes 2 lines. Backward people does not receive pressure from their back. They can choose their strategies. Backward group can obtain space by decreasing walking speed. We can confirm simple formation Trial_9

17 Experimental setup with relationship 2m 6m 2m 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. 2.5m Walking Area 25persons Condition1: walking through the Street Line Condition2: Pedestrian group with Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process Each group includes 6-Pedestrian clusters. The number of cluster is 1.

18 Experimental Results 3 (Video4) Trial_12 2m 6m 2m 2.5m Walking Area 25persons

19 2m 3m 3m 2m Collision of two pedestrian-groups walking through the street line 2.5m 25persons ( 6pedestrian-clusters 1 in each group) 25persons Each cluster tries to keep formation and forms a connected line and triangle formations Trial_12

20 Example 2. Experimental setup of Pedestrian dynamics Condition: walking through the L-Shaped curve Perturbation: Collision Process

21 Experimental setup with relationship 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. Condition1: walking through the L-shaped curve Condition2: Pedestrian group without Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process

22 Experimental Results (Video5) Trial_16

23 Collision of two pedestrian-groups at the curve (No - relationship) View Field is interrupted by solid wall. Dashed red-circle is stagnation point, where pedestrians receive high pressure. Pedestrians inside crowd cannot find a smooth root. Pedestrians along the yellow line can walk without collision. Trial_16

24 Experimental setup with relationship 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. Condition1: walking through the L-shaped curve Condition2: Pedestrian group without Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process Each group includes 3-Pedestrian clusters. The number of cluster is 2.

25 Experimental Results (Video6) Trial_17

26 Collision of two pedestrian-groups at the curve (3pedestrian-clusters 2 in each group) 3pedestrian-clusters marked by sky blue circles work as an obstacle. Trial_17

27 Experimental setup with relationship 50 participants: Japanese University students Age years Old. Condition1: walking through the L-shaped curve Condition2: Pedestrian group without Relationship. Perturbation: Collision Process Each group includes 6-Pedestrian clusters. The number of cluster is 1.

28 Experimental Results (Video7) Trial_19

29 Collision of two pedestrian-groups at the curve (6pedestrian-clusters 1 in each group) 6pedestrian-clusters forms a strong connected line as well as the street line. Large Cluster Works Bad since it removes r\pedestrians free choice. Trial_19

30 Example 3. Experimental setup of Pedestrian dynamics Condition: making Root choice at a branching point Perturbation: Collision Process

31 4m Experimental conditions 4 m 4 m 2m 3m 3m 2m We are analyzing this situation by using Game theory. Game theory is useful for choices with pedestrian s consciousness. On the other hand,

32 Experimental Results (Video8) 4m Trial_10 2m 3m Pedestrians required Free space. 4 m 4 m 3m 2m

33 Conclusions of an Experimental approach Relationship effects are enhanced by collision process between groups (or strong perturbations). Effects of relationship sometimes work well when pedestrians collide in the street line. They try to make formations decreasing their collision area. Effects of relationship work bad when pedestrians collide at a blind corner. Obstacles does not improve travel times. However, they decrease the number of collision at contact point. It also decrease mental stress of pedestrians.