Keywords: Tourism, Mobile Learning, Quality Management, Security

Transcription

1 M-TOURIM EDUCATION FOR FUTURE QUALITY MANAGEMENT ABTRACT Ion Ivan 1 Aln Zamfrou 2 Toursm s the man ncome source of revenue n GDP n many countres. For 2012 the relatve contrbuton of toursm n GDP n Croata was 11.9%, n Greece, 6.5% and n Romana was 1.5%. The toursm ndustry s characterzed by hgh level technology, qualfcatons of staff and qualty management. Increasng the qualty and productvty n the ndustry s acheved through educaton and certfcaton of workforce. Nowadays due to advanced technologes and permanent lack of tme the educaton s done more and more through moble devce. The characterstcs of the processes of educaton usng computer applcatons based on moble technologes and securty requrements for M-Learnng systems are presented. It constructed a metrc to determne the behavor of nformaton applcatons n toursm educaton. Keywords: Toursm, Moble Learnng, Qualty Management, ecurty 1. EDUCATION AND E-LEARNING IN TOURIM INDUTRY Toursm s represented by actvtes performed for recreaton, for restng or for lesure tme. In some countres such as Croata, Greece, Egypt or Thaland toursm s very mportant because of the ncome and the contrbuton to GDP. Accordng to The Authorty on World Travel & Toursm (2013) contrbutons n the GDP for the year 2012 were substantal. The top ten countres n the herarchy after the absolute value of drect contrbuton to GDP are shown n Table 1. Index Country Absolute contrbuton ($ bllons) Relatve contrbuton (%) 1 Unted tates Chna Japan France Italy Brazl pan Mexco Unted Kngdom Germany Romana Table 1. Absolute and relatve drect contrbuton of toursm to GDP In Romana n 2011 contrbuton to GDP was $ 2.5 bllon. Thus ncreasng from 2011 to 2012 was $ 1 bllon, whch represents an ncrease of 4% n 2012 compared to The Bucharest Unversty of Economc tudes, onvan@ase.ro 2 The Bucharest Unversty of Economc tudes, zamfrou@c.ro

2 Ths ncrease shows that Romana s a country that s present growth of the toursm ndustry. Growth whch must be ensured by qualty toursm and management features so that all actvtes to be montored and controlled. In addton to drect ncome and ndrect toursm contrbute to GDP through toursm related servce ndustres. Industry servces nclude transport and accommodaton servces. Control the qualty of toursm growth s ensured by measures taken on the: seasonalty and repeatablty n terms of perods n whch people undertake recreatonal and lesure actvtes; processes and actvtes to attract toursts to the area representatve for the local or regonal toursm; servce packages offered to toursts through loyalty, promotonal packages wth optonal servces ncluded n the base prce; workforce n the toursm servces, toursm employed persons must prove an adequate tranng n workng envronment, offerng toursts wth hgh qualty servces accordng to ther expectatons. Qualty of toursm servces accordng to Butnaru et al (2012), Aldebert et al (2011) s nfluenced most by staff performance especally n large unts. Package, food, accommodaton, entertanment, mantenance or other actvtes can be found n several travel agences grd, nstead of staff performance cannot be offered dentcal n several locatons. uch certfcaton s requred and tranng staff contnue to work undertaken n the feld of toursm. Thus, a restaurant staff should be traned to daly settlement table lnens, n a hotel wth settlement lnen, towels and soap n bathroom. taff employed n toursm does not have very much free tme, more than t has so lttle free tme perods between dfferent actvtes, such tranng makes for short perods of tme and n dfferent locatons. For such tranng most sutable tranng through moble devces that are present regardless of locaton and tme. Moble technology ncreasngly penetrates the toursm ndustry accordng to Ivan (2009). Educaton nvolves readng courses on the moble devce, vewng vdeos wth demonstratons of place cutlery, lnen and towels. Fee payng courses s va the moble operator, the amount beng pad to pay your bll and the operator transferrng the money to educate supplers' servce. Testng s also done through moble devces for obtanng certfcaton followng the user to move durng the season n an examnaton center where the fnal exam, after whch you get dploma. 2. FEATURE OF M-EDUCATION PROCEE Lee and alman (2012) defne M-Educaton term as cence n Hand and requres the use of moble devces to obtan nformaton, for readng courses or to tran any person. M-educaton processes has the followng features:

3 dversty of users on the set of people who use moble devces; dstnct but homogeneous categores of users such as teachers, students, admnstrators, developers tutorals and learnng materals for the platform, these groups form and applcatons of M-Learnng modules, each category of users wth a specfc module wthn the applcaton; accessng applcaton s made anywhere regardless of space, t can be accessed from the car, n publc transport, n the park, at work or elsewhere; short nteracton tme due to accessng the applcaton n varous places and unavalable to users for a very long tme; small sze of the screen that dsplays nformaton, moble devces are characterzed by small sze such nformaton must be talored to the small sze of the screen; amount of nformaton transmtted va the Internet to be reduced because of hgh costs mposed by moble phone operators for data; the presentaton of nformaton should be done through mages and sounds because a very large text s hard to follow on a small screen such as moble devces; terms usng a common vocabulary known to all users, we recommend the use of terms and symbols known users n other smlar applcatons, so exstng applcatons to be analyzed and bult a vocabulary of terms for the new applcaton; prortzaton of frequently used tems and placng them so that they are easly accessble through the surgery to speed up user nteracton, thus t creates a profle of the user and quckly provded the necessary nformaton to the mage; constructng a map of the applcaton for the user to know n what way the applcaton quckly fnd the desred nformaton; securty of confdental nformaton stored about users logged nto the applcaton, for regstraton nformaton users provde s kept confdental and secure; frendly nterface and applcatons are orented ctzen, wrtng text should be as short as any wrtng applcaton user must come up wth suggestons for auto complete of the user to select the desred opton; nnovaton of applcatons close on the larger user and perform certan servces or calculatons very quckly and on the spot, the user s not forced to wat for them very much, also allowed users to upload materal nto the applcaton and brng ther own contrbuton to detached and platform development experence ganed through workng n the feld; cater loaded by users are valdated by admnstrators wll then be avalable to other users usng the platform for tranng; automatc testng and complex test results so users wll be provded mmedately after the test, the user s not forced to wat for t, n ths way ensurng staff tranng applcaton, ts testng and certfcaton exams after data; ndependence from the admnstrators and applcaton developers, applcaton must be functonal regardless of tme or the avalablty of certan persons; These partculartes are met for all applcatons n the M-Learnng Envronment. These features determne the characterstcs of moble applcatons based on ther educatonal system and determne the qualty of moble applcatons. 3. ECURITY REQUIREMENT IN M-EDUCATION Due to the nonhomogenety of the target group requres that m-educaton applcatons meet certan safety requrements and all moble applcatons accordng to Ivan (2013):

4 authentcate each user and dependng on the type of module s orented properly, so teachers are orented module for teachers, students and admnstrators the module for students by the admnstraton of the platform; ensure consstency and accuracy of data nput valdaton through tme entry, valdaton must be complex for the data to be adequately controlled and rgorously; user permsson to access a sngle module, so f a student does not have access courses access to tests or exam durng the exam and f you cannot access courses, for ths user s redrected to a module created for ths, Fgure 1; thus the user unable to access another module, t wll be automatcally drected to the module already accessed; tudent ID tudent Courses Tests Exams Fgure 1. Controlled access to the modules exstng data control platform n order to preserve the ntegrty of nformaton provded by the platform, because the platform presents a hgh dynamsm and users can upload new nformaton n correlaton wth ther experence, ths nformaton must be regularly checked and ensure the ntegrty of all nformaton exstng platform, ths control s needed to ncrease the qualty of nformaton on the qualty platform and moble applcaton automatcally used for learnng; loggng all nformaton access platform to be able to analyze who made some modfcatons, and f dentfcaton of problems wll be checked logs of records backwards untl the cause of the problem and dentfy the user responsble for the occurrence of the problem, so any change n the platform such nformaton are saved: o user ID; o modfed date; o moble devce type that was made change; o reason for change (mprovement, contrbuton or other); encrypton of personal nformaton stored on the platform but the nformaton stored by users and answers to tests or exams, because the applcaton s moble

5 examnaton s held at the same tme by all students, f a student exam earler than other students the answers provded by t s encrypted so t cannot be accessed by other students who have not yet sustaned examnaton; Another way to avod copyng answers from other students by students who take the tests of tme s lke Felds of the examnaton to be changed from one student to another, such questons are dffcult to create smlar but dfferent and each student s determned a grd of questons, whch dffer from one grd to another student; Fulfllng these requrements lead to securty complance mnm qualty educatonal envronment for moble applcatons. To ncrease the qualty of these applcatons s necessary to dentfy solutons to ncrease securty of the educatonal moble applcatons for toursm. 4. OLUTION TO INCREAE THE ECURITY IN INFORMATIC TOURIM APPLICATION The contnuous development of exstng applcatons should be amed at ncreasng ts securty. uch development s done by addng new modules n the applcaton to meet the new securty standards occurred snce the last applcaton development. Development does not delete the old exstng modules n the applcaton. Removng some modules n specal securty modules and thus lead to a decrease n lower qualty securty applcaton developed accordng to Ivan et al. (2012), Pocatlu (2010). veco Romana has mplemented solutons for educaton dedcated to large audence. They have educatonal portals, vrtual laboratores and academc platforms. Authentcaton n the applcaton s based on the username and password. To ncrease securty keeps loggng ths model but s also developng an adjacent module takes nto account the dentfcaton code of the moble devce that s loggng. uch a user wll only be allowed to log on hs moble phone. Avod an examnaton n ths way by other people n the name of students, Fgure 2. Username + Password Username + Password Logn Logn P L A T F O R M Phone ID Fgure 2. Increased securty when loggng nto the applcaton The old model s stll used n parallel but s also used n the new phone number s automatcally checked by the applcaton wthout the user havng t provde. Access to the platform s acheved by means of two models of log.

6 For users ncreased securty s acheved by mplementng new nput valdaton by them. Thus n addton to the exstng checks are mplemented some new more complex nformaton to provde an adequate analyss of ths nformaton ntroduced and certfcaton. It s also recommended to remove the text nput by the user because wrtng text on a moble devce s very dffcult. If n some applcaton modules are text entry and they cannot be completely replaced wth controls for selecton by the user only to select the desred opton s recommended developng suggestons for text nput controls. Ths soluton ncreases speed and ncreases nteracton wth moble applcaton and securty because ths wll not enter the wrong words but words already n the platform default vocabulary. Regstered users on the platform after loggng have access to courses, vdeo tutorals, tests and exams. For unregstered users s allowed the access to smple classes, free tutorals and smple tests, Fgure 3. PLATFORM U E R Logn ECURE PLATFORM Courses Tutorals Tests Exams amples Free tutorals Free test Fgure 3. Access to resources avalable on the platform Resources avalable for regstered users are secured and encrypted. If unregstered users make request for these resources, they are redrected to the regstraton page. After regstraton and account valdaton newly created resource access s allowed because the moment users are part of the regster on the platform. 5. BEHAVIOR METRIC FOR M-EIA (M-EDUCATION INFORMATIC APPLICATION) Metrc behavor of computer applcatons n the M-Educatonal contans ndcators for calculatng the effcency and qualty of educaton n toursm platform. The regstraton ndcator on the platform of people who vew the free tutorals, RI s calculated by the formula: RI NRPV NPV where: NPV number of people who have vewed free tutorals; NRPV number of regstred people who have vewed free tutorals.

7 The ndcator takes values n the nterval [0;1]. IF RI=1 then free tutorals offered to unregstered users have a hgh qualty and convncng all users have looked to make an account on platform. If RI=0 any user of who have vewed the free tutorals don t made an account on the platform, thus the qualty of these materals s very low. Ths ndcator shows the qualty of the materals offered for free to vew users that are not logged n or regstered on the platform. Ther qualty determnes the users to make ther account to access the rest of tutorals or exam and gettng certfcaton. The second ndcator s graduaton ndcator n relaton to the total number of regstered users on the platform, GI, calculated by the formula: TU GI TU NGP NRU where: NGP number of graduated people; NRU number of regstered users on the platform. The ndcator takes values n the nterval [0; 1] and determnes the graduaton rate n relaton to the total number of students. uch effcency and qualty s pursued teachng materals provded through the platform and the rato of these materals and data subjects for graduaton or obtanng certfcaton exams. For better accuracy and qualty levels for materals provded on the platform graduated ndcator relatve to the number of users who have takng the fnal exam, GI, calculated by the formula: FU GI FU NGP NUF where: NUF number of users who have takng the fnal exam. The ndcator takes values n the nterval [0; 1] and elmnates the dfference created by the users who access the platform but not gong to the fnal exam. Because the nstructon s only through moble devce can automatcally take acton on the tme spent learnng. Ths wll determne f the tme spent learnng drectly nfluence the mark n the fnal exam. It s consdered the set,, of regstered users: where: n number of regstered users For each user, n, determne the tme spent on the platform, by the formula:

8 where: m j1 ( j end j start) m number of accesses by the user on the platform; j start j end end tme for j access. start tme for j access; In ths way we obtan the set, whose elements represent the tme spent by each student on the platform: From automated data collecton we obtan the set D, the student notes: D D D... 1 For the two sets s calculated mnmum tme spent by a user who has obtaned gr certfcaton,, and the maxmum tme spent by a user who has not obtaned certfcaton, re. mn ; 1: n; D D D 5 gr re max 2 ; D 1: n; n ns D D Based on the calculated tme to determne the nfluence of the learnng to obtaned result on fnal exam. If gr re then the learnng tme spent on the platform have a substantally nfluence for the degree obtaned on the fnal exam. If gr re, the degree obtaned at fnal exam s nfluenced by other factors n addton to the tme spent, the latter havng lttle nfluence on that degree. Indcators are automatcally calculated n the platform through automatc collecton of nformaton and data, users have to complete some questonnares not leave a feedback or. 6. CONCLUION D 5 Applcatons n M-Toursm educaton are necessary because many factors such as:

9 anytme and anywhere access to courses and tests; lack of tme for toursm staff; ease of accessng nformaton through moble devces; Moble applcatons are geared toward ctzens and especally the educatonal envronment becomes custom applcatons meet user requrements and performs functons accordng to user profle. Adjustment for profle s used as both vocabulary and categores of users that dversty levels. Thus n the same category of users are subcategores of users. There water category has three subcategores: terrace water, water restaurant and water experenced for 5-stars hotel restaurants. Applcatons developed for the m-educaton are bult n modules so that future development of the applcaton to be able to do both vertcally by addng new modules and vertcally by addng new sub modules. Moble applcatons wll grow n mportance for the tranng and qualfcaton executants that f they have somethng not clear are traned accessng lesson by phone. 7. REFERENCE 1. Aldebert Bénédcte, Dang Ran, Chrstan Longh, Innovaton In The Toursm Industry: The Case Of Toursm@, Toursm Management, Vol. 32, Nr. 5, 2011, Pp Butnaru Gna Ionela, Mller Amanda, Conceptual Approaches On Qualty And Theory Of Toursm ervces, Proceda Economcs And Fnance, Nr. 3, 2012, Pp Lee, K.B. And alman, R. (2012) The Desgn And Development Of Moble Collaboratve Learnng Applcaton Usng Androd, Journal Of Informaton Technology And Applcaton In Educaton, Vol. 1, Nr. 1, Ivan Ion, urcel Traan, Mlodn Danel, Toursm Management Informaton ystem Based On Moble Technology,Proceedngs Of The 2009 Internatonal Conference On Toursm And Workshop An ustanable Toursm Wthn Hgh Rsk Areas Of Envronment Crss, Aprl, 2009, Messna, Isbn Ivan Ion, Mlodn Danel, Zamfrou Aln (2013) ecurty Of M-Commerce Transactons, Theoretcal And Appled Economcs, Vol. 20, Nr. 7, Ivan Ion, Boja Cataln, Zamfrou Aln (2012) elf- Healng For Moble Applcatons, Journal Of Moble, Embedded And Dstrbuted ystems - Jmeds, Vol. 4, Nr. 2, Pocatlu Paul (2010) Developng Moble Learnng Applcatons For Androd Usng Web ervces, Informatca Economcă Vol. 14, No. 3, veco Romana, Accessed The Authorty On World Travel & Toursm, Accessed