An Analytical Model for Multi-tier Internet Services and Its Applications

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1 An Anll l r l-r nrn Srs n s Alns Bhn Urnr Gnn rshn Shn Srr n Assr Tn. mr Sn Sr nmn lr. Unrs sshss B T.. sn Rsrh nr Amhrs A Hhrn bhnshns.mss. nnmsrns.bm.m ABSTRAT Sn mn nrn lns ml ml-r rhr n hs r s n h rblm nlll mln h bhr sh lns. rsn ml bs n nr s hr h s rrsn rn rs h ln. r ml s snl nrl r h bhr rs h snnl rn rrmn hrrss n ln snrss sh s sssn-bs rls r rln l mblns rss rls n hn nrm rs. l r ml sn rl ml-r lns rnnn n nx srr lsr. r xrmns n h r ml hll rs h rrmn hs lns r nmbr rls n nrns. Fr r snrs nln hs h hn n h ln rs h r rsns ms r b r ml r hn h % nn nrls h bsr r rsns ms. r xrmns ls mnsr h l h ml r nm rsnn rrmn rn bln nn n sssn ln. n n snr hr h rs rrl r nrs rm lss hn nrl rssmn nm rsnn hn mln r ml s bl mnn rsns m rs b nrsn h h ln rs b rs n. rsl.. TRUT. n nrn lns sh s nln ns rl n nnl ss h bm mmnl n rn rs. rn nrn lns r mlx sr ssms h ml ml-r rhr n r rl r srb n lsr srrs. Eh r rs rn nnl s rn r n ms s h nnl r b s sssr rr s r h rll rs rssn. Fr nsn l - mmr ln nsss hr rs rn-n b r. h s rsnsbl r HTT rssn ml r nrrs srr h mlmns r ln nnl n bn bs h srs r ls n sr rrs. n hs xml nmn rss nr HTT rssn rssn b ln srr n rr rs r rnsns h bs. Ths r ss n nlll mln h bhr mlr nrn lns. Sh ml s mrn r h lln rsns rsnn hh nbls srr rm rmn h mh ll n ln n rr r sr s rl rrmn rn hh nbls h rsns m h ln b rmn r n rl n n hrr n sr nrn ln nrn hh nbls rs nrn rmrs h ln b rmn r rn rrmn l bln nn n nn hh nbls ssm blns b n r rss nn n rs ln hh nbls h ln rn xss rss rn rnsn rls. ln snl-r lns sh s nll b srrs.. Ah s ll s [ 7. n nrs mln ml-r lns s lss ll s n hh hs lxbl rhr s l s r nsrn nrn lns n srs. Exnn snl-r mls ml-r snrs s nn-rl h lln rsns. Frs rs ln rs sh s b n bs srrs h sl rn rrmn hrrss n lll mln hr bhr s l s. Frhr n ml-r ln sm rs m b rl hl hrs r n h rls m n b rl l bln n hn m b ml nrm rsll hh ml h rrmn mln. Fnll mrn nrn rls r sssn-bs hr h sssn mrss sn rss h hn-ms n bn. Fr nsn sssn n nln rlr mrss h sn sr rss brs h r l n m rhs. Sssns r sl rm h rs h ln n s h ms b nrr n h ml. Th sn n nll ml h n r h m hs rs s h s hs r.. Rsrh nrbns Ths r rsns ml ml-r nrn ln bs n nr s hr h s rrsn rn rs h ln. r ml n hnl lns h n rbrr nmbr rs n hs h snnl rn rrmn hrrss. A nrbn r r s h

2 h mlx s mln ml-r ln s r h mln rs rssn nl rs n h l rss rss rs. r ml s nhrnl sn hnl sssn-bs rls n n n r ln snrss sh s rln rs l mblns rss rls hn s n nrrn lms h r. l h ml sn n-sr ml-r lns rnnn n nx-bs srr lsr. mnsr h bl r ml rl r h s nmbr mmnl s hns sh s r hn h bs r n lss-bs sr rnn. Fr r snrs nln n nln n ln mln r hn s bs r h r rsns ms r b r ml r hn h % nn nrls h bsr r rsns ms. n l xrmnl s sn r r mnsr h l r ml r h rss nm rsnn rsns m rn ln nrn n rs ln. r xrmns mnsr h bl r ml rrl n blns n h ssm n h shn blns rns n h nrn rl. n n snr hr h rrl r n ln nrs rm nrl rssmn r ml s bl nn mn rsns m rs b sssll nn h bln rs n nrsn hr b rs n. rsl. Th rmnr hs r s srr s lls. Sn rs n r ml-r lns n rl r. srb r ml n Sns n. Sns n rsn xrmnl ln h ml n n llsrn s lns rsl. Fnll Sn 7 rsns r nlsns.. BAGRU A REATE R Ths sn rs n r ml-r lns n h nrln srr lrm ssm n r r. ls sss rl r n h r.. nrn Aln Arhr rn nrn lns r sn sn mll rs h rms nrn ln n sr r s nrhnbl n hs r. A ml-r rhr rs lxbl mlr rh r snn sh lns. Eh ln r rs rn nnl s rn r n ss h nnl r b s sssr rr s r h rll rs rssn. Th rs rs r n h rssn h nmn rs rn s lm n h ssm. nn n h rssn mn r m b rl sn lsrn hns. n sh n n shr s s h rl r srb rss mn h rls r h rs l blnn. Fr s hr-r ln hr h rs rs r rl hl h hr n s n. Sh n rhr s mmnl ml b -mmr lns hr lsr b srr n lsr ln srr ns h rs rs n h hr r nsss nn-rlbl bs. Th rl n nrn ln s ssm b sssnbs hr sssn nsss sssn rss ss b ln h hn ms n bn. sssn s sl hh s n h s sss rss ll n b sr b h Trnll bs srrs h ml shr-nhn rhr h s n sr rln. Hr rn n bss ml shr-rhn rhr [ h srs lsrn n rln b h rn nsrns. Snr ln r sssns n Blnr Tr shr Tr nl srr Tr shr Tr Fr A hr-r ln. Tr nn rl sm srr h r n h shr ll n n r hs srr s hn rrn rss. As shn n Fr h ln mls snr h ls nmn sssns n lns srr lnmn sssns r sb mssn nrl h snr nsr h h nr rrmn rns r m xss sssns r rn rn rls. ssm h nrn lns ll rn n srr lsr h s mmnl rrr s nr. n hs r ssm h h r n ln r h rl r rns n sr srr. Ths s rrr s hsn hr h ln rns n sbs h srrs n srr s ll ms n ln r n n m. Unl shr hsn hr mll smll lns shr h srr hsn s s r rnnn lr lsr lns hr srr shrn s nsbl h rl mn ms n h nl ln. Gn n nrn ln ssm h ss s sr rrmn rrmn n h rm sr-ll rmn SA. Th SA ssm n hs r s bn n h r rsns m h s bl h ln. Fr nsn h ln SA m s h h r rsns m shl n x n sn rrlss h rl.. Rs rssn n l-r Alns nsr ml-r ln nssn rs n b T T hrh T. n h smls s h rs s rss xl n b r T n hn rr r T r rhr rssn. n h rsl s m b h nl r T s sn b T hh rsss hs rsl n sns T n s n. Ths h rsl s rss b h r n h rrs rr nl rhs T hh hn sns h ln. Fr llsrs h ss nl n rssn b rs hr-r nln n s. Th r shs h h rs rls nsrm n h h rsl rs srm hrh h rs rs. r mlx rssn h rs s ls ssbl. n sh snrs h rs n s r mll ms. As n xml nsr r srh n nln srsr hh rrs r n h ms l r n h b l n s n. Ths rs n b ss h bs r snll hr h r s ss r h rsl h rs r hs bn r r n rlll. Ths n h nrl s h rs r T n rr mll rss r T. n h snl s h hs rss s ss T n h rsl h rs rs hs nsh. n h rlll s ll rss r ss T n. n bh ss ll rsls r mr n hn sn b h srm r T.. Rl r

3 ln snl-r nrn lns hh HTT srrs r h ms mmn xml hs bn s xnsl. A n ml b srr srn s nn s rs n [7. Th ml mls nr r s mln h b srr sl n h hr mln h nrn mmnn nr. A n ml r rrmn rn snl-r b srrs h s nn s rs n [. Ths rh xll mls U mmr n s bnh n h b srr ls nl l s n lr srbns n rls r rsns m lbl rsrs. A GS-bs n ml snl rsr sh s h U b srr s rs n [. Th ml s rmr b nln msrmns n s s rmn h rsr lln n m sr r rsns m rs. A GG n ml r rl snlr lns.. lsr b srrs hs bn rs n [. Th rhr n r mlmnn rrmn mnmn ssm r lsr-bs b srs s rs n [. Th r mls n n ml m rsnss ms b rss. A ml b srr r h rs rrmn nrl sn lssl b nrl hr s s n [ n mlmnn n ln sn h Ah b srr s ls rsn n h r. A mbnn r hn ml n n nr ml r h rn b srr s rsn n [h rmr ml rrsns h sr rhr ml b h b srr.. rss-bs rss hr-bs hl h lr ms h b srrs hrh. Sn hs rs s rmrl n snl-r b srrs h r n rl lbl lns mln mll rs r mnns sh s nrrs srrs r bs srrs ml b ml-r lns. Frhr mn h b rs ssm s b nn hl ml-r lns b hr r nr sr nm b nn. A rn rs h s n h mln ml-r lns. Hr mn hs rs hr m smln ssmns r r bs n sml xnsns snl-r mls. A nmbr rs h n h rh mln nl h ms nsrn r h ms bln r h ln. Fr nsn [ nsrs h rblm rsnn srrs r nl h ln r ss n GS ml r h srr n hs r. Smlrl h ln r n -mmr ln h srrs s ml s GG n ssm n [. hr rs h ml h nr ml-r ln sn snl n xml s [7 h ss GS ml r n -mmr ln. hl hs rhs r sl r s snrs h h mn lmns. Fr nsn mln nl snl bln r ml-r ln ll l r hn s hr rs. Sh ml n n b s r rsnn hr rs. Fnll s sh n r xrmns ssm blns n sh rm n r nhr h hns n rl hrrss. Unr hs snrs hr s n snl r h s h ms nsrn. n hs r rsn ml ml-r ln h rms hs rbs. r ml xll ns r h rsn ll rs n ls rs ln rs sh s sssn-bs rls r rln l mblns hn s n nrrn lms.. A E FR A UT-TER TER- ET AAT n hs sn rsn bsln n ml r ml- ln. ln. HTT. EE. EE. EE. HTT HTT srr HTT l b n sm m EE srl ns EB bs EB sss rs bs rsns EB nsrs rsns HTT rsns sn HTT srr ln rsns sn ln EE srr bs srr Fr Rs rssn n n nln n ln. r nrn ln ll b srl nhnmns h ml r rn ln snrss.. Th Bs Qn l nsr n ln h rs n b T T. nll ssm h n r s rlh r s ssm rn n xl n srr n ssmn h s rlx lr. ln ll Trs ml h ln sn nr s Q Q s Fr. Eh rrsns n ln r n h nrln srr h rns n. ssm rssr shrn S sln h sn lsl rxms h shln ls ml b ms mm rn ssms.. nx U m-shrn. hn rs rrs r T rrs n r mr rss s sbsn r T rll h xml r srh h rrs mll rs rn r ls. n r n ml n r hs hnmnn b lln rs m mll ss h h s rn s rll xn. Ths s h b nrn rnsn rm h s rssr s shn n Fr. A rs r sm rssn Q hr rrns Q h rn rbbl r rs Q h rbbl. Th nl xns r h ls r Q hr ll rss rrn h rs n h rs Q hr rnsn h rn ns rs mln. As r n Sn. r ml n hnl mll ss r rrlss hhr h r snll r n rlll. bsr h hn s r nrll r b hs ml. hn s ml r T h h ss h rs mml rrn h rs Q h rrn n r n s Q r lr. Ths h m h hs n msss n b nrr b rrl rmnn h rnsn rbbl n h sr m rs Q. ln Sssns Rll rm Sn h nrn rls r sssn-bs. A sssn sss n r mr rss rn s lm n r nhr h hn ms n bn rr hs rn s h sr hn m. Tl sssns n n nrn ln m ls srl mns. Ths r ml ns r h rll ln-l nr sssns s ll s h rsns ms nl rss hn sssn. s b mnn r n nr h sbssm mln h sssns h ln. ml sssns sn n nn srr n ssm Q h s r nr s n rms h ls-n ssm shn n Fr. Th srrs n Q r h sssn-bs nr h rl s lls. Eh sssn s ssm n srr n Q. As shn n Fr rs ss b sssn mns rm srr n Q n nrs h ln Q. hn ms hrh h s Q Q ssbl sn sm s

4 Z Z Z... Sssns Q Q Q... S S S... Q Tr Tr Tr Fr ln ml-r ln sn nr s. mll ms s r b h rnsns rm h r s rn r n n rss h s s. Enll s rssn mls n rrns srr n Q. Th m sn hs srr mls h hn m h sr h nx rs h sssn s ss sbsnl. Th nn srr ssm ls nbls h ml r h nnn h sr hn ms rm h rs sr ms h ln. S n h sr m rs Q. Als ns h rbbl rs mn rnsn rm Q Q n h = ns h rbbl rnsn rm Q Q. Fnll l Z n h sr m n srr n Q hh s ssnll h sr hn m. r ml rrs hs rmrs s ns n rr m h r n--n rsns m rs. r sssn hs r hs mll ssm h sssns nr rmn. n r h nmbr sssns bn sr ll r s xsn sssns rmn n n sssns rr. r ml n m h mn rsns m r n nmbr nrrn sssns. Ths rr n b s r mssn nrl h ln snr s sss n Sn... rn Rsns Tms Frm h l Th n-vl Anlss VA lrhm [ r ls-n nrs n b s m h mn rsns m xrn b rs n r nr s. Th VA lrhm s bs n h lln n hr rsl n r-rm ls n nrs hn rs ms rm Q nhr Q ss h m s rrl Q ssm h h sm sss s ssm h n lss smr. nsr r-rm ls-n nr h smrs. Ā m n h r nmbr smrs n Q m sn b n rrn smr. m n h r lnh Q m n sh ssm. Thn h b rsl mls Ā m = m Gn hs rsl h VA lrhm rl ms h r rsns m rs. Th VA lrhm ss En nr smrs n h n nr n b n n rmns h rsln r ls rs s h Th rm r-rm ls n n nr n hh h xrssn r h lbrm rbbl hs h rm n n = G π = n hr n s sm nn h nmbr bs h h G s nrmln nsn. r rm slns r nn xs r br lss nrs nln ns hr h shln sln h s rssr shrn S. s. rmns hn ll smrs h bn nr n ls h r rsns m xrn b nrrn smrs. h sssn n r ml rrsns smr n h rsl srb b En. Th VA lrhm r n -r nrn ln srn sssns smlnsl s rsn n Alrhm n h ss nn s n Tbl. Th lrhm ss h nn s r r h Q Q. Th s r V m r Q m m s n s h r nmbr ss m b rs Q m rn s rssn h s rm hn mns rm Q n hn rrns. Vs rs r s m rm h rnsn rbbls n r n lrn rrsnn h n nr. Th s s rs n l rnsn rbbls nbls h ml r mll ss r rrlss hhr h r snll r n rlllh s r s nl nrn h h mn nmbr ss m b rs n n hn r n h rr hs ss r. Ths n h r sr ms n s rs r h s h r hn m sssn n h nmbr nrrn sssns h lrhm ms h r rsns m R rs. n nln R = = Z = S m V m m Z R m. l Q m R. rs. m r m = m = m = V m Sm sr mn h n nr smrs n b n r n = r m = R m = m m. l h. n n τ = R R hrh m= m r m = m = τ R m lnhs lls l n = τ R n R = m= m= R m rsns m Alrhm n-l nlss lrhm r n -r ln.. Esmn h l rmrs n rr m h rsns m h ml rrs srl rmrs s ns. n r hs rmrs n b sm b mnrn h ln s srs s rl. T s ssm h h nrln rn ssm n ln sr mnns sh s h Ah b srr r mnrn hs nbl r smn hs rmrs. r xrn h h nx-bs ml-r lns s n r xrmns s h sh nnl s hr lr lbl r n b mlmn ms s. Th rs hs sn srbs h h rs ml rmrs n b sm n r.

5 Smbl nn mbr ln rs mbr sssns Q m Q rrsnn r T m m Q n. srr ssm r sssns Z Usr hn m S m A. r-rs sr m Q m m A. lnh Q m τ Thrh R m A. r-rs l Q m R A. r-rs rsns m m A. r-rs sr mn Q m V m Vs r r Q m Ā m A. nm. smrs n Q m sn b n rrn smr Tbl n s n srbn h VA lrhm. Esmn s rs Th s r r n r ml-r ln s h r nmbr ms h r s n rn rss lm. λ r n h nmbr rss sr b h nr ln r rn. Thn h s r r r T n b sml sm s V λ λ r hr λ s h nmbr rss sr b h r n h rn. B hsn sbl lr rn sm r V n b bn. n h h s rs r s sm n n nln shn. Th nmbr rss sr b h ln λ r n b mnr h ln snr. Fr rl rs h nmbr rss sr b ll srrs h r n b mnr h shrs. nrn bh rmrs rrs sml nrs hs mnns. Fr nn-rl rs h l shr h nmbr sr rss n b rmn b rl-m rssn h r ls. n h bs r r nsn h nmbr rs n rnsns rss r rn n b rmn b rssn h bs l sn sr. Esmn sr ms Aln mnns sh s b n bs srrs ll sr xns ln ls n n l r sl nrmn b h sr rs. n rlr hs mnns n l h rsn m nl rss s bsr h rh rsn m nls h m sn b h rs hs r n ll h sbsn rs h rss hs rs. Ths ln l n b s sm r-r sr ms. n h r r-rs rsn m r T. sr b smn h mn sr m h ls r. Sn hs r s n n srs rm n hr rs h rs xn m hs r nr lhl l nns s n xlln sm h sr m. Ths h S S n n b rnm rbls nn h sr m rs r T rsn m rs r T n h nmbr ms T rss sr rm T s r h rll rs rssn rsl. Thn nr lhl l nns S = n. Tn rs n bh ss S = E [n Sn n n r nnn hs s s S = n = V V Ths h sr ms rs T T n b sm. Esmn hn ms Th r sr hn m Z n b bn b rrn h rrl n nsh ms nl rss h snr. Z s sm s h r m ls bn hn rs nshs n hn h nx rs blnn h sm sssn rrs h snr. B sn sn nmbr bsrns n bn sm Z. nrs Sr Tms rn rls r smn h r-s sr ms ssm lhl l nns. As h l n r rs sr rhs sh s n n ls rl mmr n n nx sh rhs h r n r b r ml n bm snn mnns h rs rssn m. nrrn h m nrs nx shn rh r nnn r mmr r ls n r ml s nn-rl. Rhr hn xll mln hs s mll n r hr m b ssn nrs sr ms h rss nr h ls. s h Uln [ r n ssm hh ss h S = ρτ hr ρ n τ r h ln n hrh rsl. nsnl n mr r sm h r sr m r T s S = mx S ρ τ hr ρ s h ln h bss rsr.. U s r nr nr n τ s h r hrh. Sn ll mrn rn ssms sr ls r mnrn ssm rrmn.. h sss n nx [ h lns rs rsrs s s bn nln. Smlrl h r hrh ρ n b rmn h shr r rm ls b nn h nmbr ml rss n rn.. E EHAEETS Ths sn rss nhnmns r bsln ml r r ln rsrln n l mbln rs nrrn lms n mll sssn lsss.. Rln n mbln Trs Rll h r bsln ml ssms snl srr r r n nsnl s n sr h nn rln r. n nhn r ml hnl hs snr. r n h nmbr rls r T. r rh r rln r T s rl h snl Q h r s Q Q r n r h rl. A rs n n n n m rnsn n h r s h rs r r n h r s h nx r. n nrl hnr r s rl shr s nssr srb rss rls. Th shr rmns hh rs rr hh rl n rl nlns h rnsns m b rs. Th shr s ls rsnsbl r blnn l rss rls. n rl l bln ssm h rl rsss r rn h l rl h r. n r hr r l blnn s l h r h lln rsns. Frs sssn s sl sss rss ll n b sr b h sm sl srr h r h shr s r

6 rr ll rss rm sssn hs rl rrlss h l n hr rls. Sn hn s ml b r sssn n s rss m b rrnll rr rl hr rsns s ll b h. Ths sssns m h n r rlr rls. Thr rn sssns ms rn rssn mns. Ths n rsl n rbl n rsr s sssns n sml hns sh s rrn n sssn h ls-l rl m n b bl nr h rsln l mbln. Ths h sss rln n l mbln r lsl rl. r nhnmn rs h m bh hs rs. n rr r h l mbln rss rls xll ml h l nl rls. λ n h nmbr rss rr h h ms l rl r T r sm rn. λ n h l nmbr rss hnl b h r r hs rn. Thn h mbln r β s m s λ β = λ s xnnll smh rs hs rs β s msrs h l mbln nl rls. Th s rs h rs rls r hn hsn s V = V β Th hhr h l n rl h hhr h l h mbln r n h hhr s s r. n rl lbln ssm β = r. bsr h h nmbr rss rr rl λ n h l nmbr rss λ n b msr h shr sn nrs. Th VA lrhm n hn b s h hs m s rs rmn h r rsns m.. Hnln nrrn ms Trs Th sr mnns n nrn ln h lms n h mn nrrn h n hnl. Fr nsn h Ah b srr ss nrbl rmr lm h nmbr nrrn hrs r rsss h r sn sr rss. Ths lm rns h rsn mmr s Ah rm xn h lbl RA n rns hrshn. nnns r rn hn hs lm s rh. hr rs ms smlr lms. r bsln ml ssms h h r n sr n nbn nmbr smlns rss n ls r h bhr h ln hn h nrrn lm s rh n r. Ths s n Fr hh shs h rsns m hr-r ln ll Rbs h s nr h nrrn lm r h Ah b srr n lm 7 r h ml r ls h ln r n Sn.. As shn h rsns ms r b h ml mh h bsr rsns ms nl h nrrn lm s rh. Bn hs n h ml nns ssm n nrsn nmbr smlns rss bn sr n rs n nrs n rsns m hl h l rsns m sssl rss shs l rn n nrsn nmbr r rss. n nrl hn h nrrn lm s rh r T n ns r ssbl h r n slnl r nl rss n rl n m mhnsm n r T hs rs r h r n xll n r T s nbl sr h rs b rrnn n rrr mss. n hr s r T m rss h rs sm nmbr ms br bnnn s ms. ll hn hr r h rs r x- A. rs. m ms bsr Bs l m. sml. sssns Bsln ml A. rs. m ms bsr Enhn l m. sml. sssns b Enhn ml Fr Rsns m Rbs h % nn nrls. A nrrn lm r Ah n 7 r h srl r s s. Fr s h n h bsln ml rm bsr bhr hn nrrn lm s rh. Fr b s h bl h nhn ml r hs. ll n s rn r. Fnll r T n n h ln h lr. Rhr hn snshn hs ssbls ml nrl rh r rn hs s. n h nrrn lm Q. T r rss h r r r T hn s nrrn lm s rh nl rnsns n r h rrsnn r h bs ml h rsn n Fr. A h nrn Q rnsn n n nn srr n sbssm Q r. r n h rbbl rs rnsn rm Q Q r s shn n Fr. Q r hs mn sr m r. Ths nhnmn lls s snsh bn h rssn rss h r nrrn lms n hs h r rss sssll. Rss h r rss sssll r ml xl s n h bs ml. Rss h r r r T xrn sm l n h sbssm Q r br rrnn Q hs mls h l bn hn rs s r r T n hn hs nrmn s r h ln h n h rs. n h bsln ml n s h VA lrhm m h rsns m rs. Th lrhm ms h rn rss h nsh sssll n hs h nnr lrs s ll s h ls xrn b bh s rss. T s n sm h nl rmrs h h r bs ml nml r n r r h r T. Esmn r lln ss. r rh sm r nsss h S Esm hrh h n nr hr r n nrrn lms Sl h n nr shn n Fr sn h VA lrhm sn r =.. ssmn h h s h n nrrn lms. λ n h hrh m b h VA lrhm n hs s. S Esm r Tr Q s n n n-br h rrl r λv sn h λ m n S. Esm r s h rbbl br rl n hs [. Esmn r An sm r s ln-s n ns n h mnnr n hh nrmn b r rss s n h ln n h h ln rsns. n r rrn ml m h smln ssmn h n n l rs h ln rsss h rs. Ths s r b h rnsns rm Q r b Q n Fr. r

7 ... r... S S S... r r Q Q Q A. rsn m ms Ah bs. Tm bs. Ah Bs Tm Bs Ah Enh. Tm Enh. m. sml. sssns Rsn ms A. U s % 7 Ah Tm sl m. sml. sssns b U lns Q... Q r Q r Sssns Tr Tr Tr r Q Fr l-r ln ml nhn hnl nrrn lms. rh r smn r s sb h ln n ln rl h ss h lm b x nl r T hs n b h b sn l nrrn lm h r n snl hh lms ll h hr rs n hn rr h rsns ms h rss h n nsh sssll. r s hn sm s h rn bn h r rsns m hs nsssl rss n h sm h sr ms rs T T. n Fr b l h rsns ms r Rbs s r b r nhn ml. n h hs nhnmn nbls s r h bhr h Rbs ln n hn s nrrn lm s rh.. Hnln ll Sssn lsss nrn lns ll lss nmn sssns n mll lsss. T llsr n nln brr b s m n hr lsss n m m nnl rnsns h Gl lss smr rss sh s bln nrs h Slr lss n sl brsn rss rm nn-smrs h Brn lss. Tll sh lssn hls h ln snr rrnll m rss rm mr mrn lsss rn rls n r rss rm lss mrn lsss. n xn r bsln ml n r h rsn rn sssn lsss n m h rsns m rss hn h lss. nsr n nrn ln h sssn lsss.... Assm h h snr mlmns lssn lrhm m h nmn sssn n hs lsss. n s srhrr xnsn h VA lrhm l h mll sssn lsss. l s m s ls. n h hs lrhm rrs h s rs sr ms n hn m b msr n r-lss bss. Gn -l sssns blnn h lsss h r smlnsl sr b h ln h lrhm n m h r ls nrr h n h n--n rsns m n r-lss bss. n Sn. sss h hs lrhm n b s lxbl mlmn sssn ln ls n n nrn ln.. hr Enhnmns n Sln Frs r ls n ml hs srl srbl rs. Sml Fr n -r ln h nrrn sssns h VA lrhm hs m mlx. Th lrhm s sml mlmn n s r rlr h ml - Fr Rbs bs n srls bln U ml r. Th nrrn lms r h Ah b srr n h srls nnr r s b n 7 rsl. rmrs r s msr nln. Gnrl r ml n hnl n ln h rbrr nmbr rs. Frhr hn h shln sln s rssr shrn S h VA lrhm rs h mn n ssmns b h sr m srbns h smrs [. Ths r s hhl srbl r rsns s rrsn shln ls n mm rn ssms.. nxs U m-shrn n mls h r ml s snl nrl hnl rls h n rbrr sr m rrmns. hl r ml s bl r nmbr ln snrss rn snrs r n xll r. ll rsrs ml h srr b r sn snl. n rl h srr nns rs rsrs sh s h U s mmr n h nr nr. r ml rrnl s n r h ln rs srr rsrs b rs r. An nhnmn h ml hr rs rsrs hn srr r ml s nr s s h sb r r. Rsrs hl smlnsl mll rs r ml ssnll rs h ss rs hrh h rs n ln s xsn rs rn h hh h rs ls h rsrs xl n r. Alhh hs s rsnbl ssmn r lr lss nrn lns s n l rn nrn lns sh s srmn srrs. A srr h s nsr s ln rssn mls ll h ll s mls r rs s nnsl rsss n srms ln. r ml s n l sh lns.. E VAAT n hs sn rsn r xrmnl s ll b r xrmnl ln h ml.. Exrmnl S Alns s n-sr ml-r lns n r xrmnl s. Rbs mlmns h r nnl n B l n s slln brsn n bn. mlmns hr s sr sssns hs nn bls n h bs n ns nrns h n b ss rm h lns b brsrs. Rbbs s blln-br ln ml r Th lbl h VA lrhm s mr rsr h sm hr shln slns. E.. n h rsn FF shln sln h sr m ns b xnnll srb r h VA lrhm b lbl.

8 A. rs. m ms bsr l m. sml. sssns A. rsn m ms bs. Ah bs. Tm l Ah l Tm m. sml. sssns A. U s % 7 Ah Tm sl m. sml. sssns Rsns m b Rsn ms U lns Fr 7 Rbs bs n srls bln U bs r. Th nrrn lms r h Ah b srr n h srls nnr r s b n 7 rsl. n nln ns rm l Slsh. Usrs h rn lls ss rlr sr n mrr. Th mn bls n h bs r h srs srs mmns n sbmssns bls. Rbbs rs b nrns. Bh lns r l b h nsrr r R Unrs [. Eh ln nns -bs ln h nrs sssn-rn rl. m hs lns nr h rls n h msrmns n b r xrmns. hs n r rn mn r h sssns bh Rbs n Rbbs. Fr bh lns h hn m s hsn rm n xnnl srbn h mn s. s -r rsns hs lns. Th rn r s bs n Ah.. b srr. xrmn h mlmnns h ml r r Rbs bs n srls n bs n Sns EE Enrrs Bns EBs. Th ml r r Rbbs s bs n srls. ml Tm.. s h srls nnr n Bss.. s h EB nnr. s rnl T Vrl Srr s rsn.. [ mlmn h ln snr. s s n n-sr r-7 rs shr mlmn s nx rnl ml. A rn-rbn l blnr mlmn n s s s r Ah. Rs shn r h ml r s rrm b m n Ah ml h mlmns rn rn rbn rs srbn hl n n n sssn n. Fnll h bs r s bs n h sl.. bs srr. Hsn nrnmn n xrmns h h lns hs n rn ns mhns. Th rs hsn nrnmn nss B srrs ml -BU h H rssrs n B RA nn b bs hrn. Th sn sn s r xrmns rr n Sn h ll srrs h.gh rssrs n B RA nrnn sn b hrn. Ths sr r h r ml s lxbl nh r lns rnnn n rn s mhns. Fnll h rl nrrs r rn n mhns h nm- rssrs h ss H-GH n RA ss n h rn -B. All h mhns rn h nx.. rnl.. rrmn rn n s xrmns h h rs srnn h bl r ml r h rsns m ml-r lns. xrmn h ns lns Rbs n Rbbs rn mlmnns Rbs bs n srls n EBs n rn rls r Rbs. Eh h hr ln rs r ssn n srr x n h xrmns rr n Sn.. r h nmbr nrrn sssns sn b h ln n msr h r rsns ms sssll nsh rss r s nrls. Eh xrmn lss mn. m h r rsns m n h % nn nrls rm hs bsrns. r rs xrmn ss Rbs h srls-bs ml r. s rn rls U-nns n h srls r n U-nns n h bs r. Ths r r b mn h Rbs ln s h nr n nrs rn rss h srss h sr r. Erlr n Fr b h rsn h r rsns m n % nn nrls r sssns rn rm r h rl. Als l r h r rsns ms r b r bs ml n r ml nhn hnl nrrn lms. Anll rsn h bsr n r rsn ms n Fr. Fr b shs h h U n h srls r bms sr bn sssns r hs rl. As lr xln n Sn. h bs ml ls r h rsns ms r rls hhr hn b sssns n nrs n h rn rss h rr h Ah n srls rs nl b r bs h rs rn hr nrrn lms. n h r nhn ml s bl r h r rss hs hh rls n nns r rsns ms ll r h nr rl rn. Fr 7 ls h rsns ms h rsn ms n h srr U lns r srls-bs Rbs sb h rl h rn nmbr sssns. As shn n Fr 7 h U n h bs srr s h bln rsr r hs rl. n h r bs ml rs rsns ms ll. Th r rsns ms r hn h % nn nrl h bsr r rsns m r h nr rl rn. x r h xrmn srb b h Rbs bs n n EB-bs ml r. r rsls r rsn n Fr. An r bs ml rs h rsns m ll nl h nrrn lms Ah n Bss r rh. As h nmbr sssns rs bn hs n nrsnl lr rns rss r r h rs hrh srs n h rsns m rss h nsh sssll shs l rn. r nhnmn h ml s n n r hs ll. Fnll r h b xrmn h h Rbbs ln. s srls bs ml r r Rbbs n sb h ln h rl h s U-nns n h srls r. Fr rsns h bsr n r rsns ms s ll s h srr U lns. n h r nhn ml rs rsns ms ll r h hsn rl rn r Rbbs.

9 A. rs. m ms bsr Bs l Enhn l m. sml. sssns Rsns m A. U s % 7 Ah Bss sl m. sml. sssns b U lns A. rs. m ms bsr l % r h hs Fr Rbs bs n EB bln U ml r. Th nrrn lms r h Ah b srr n h srls nnr r s b n 7 rsl. A. rs. m ms bsr Bs l Enhn l m. sml. sssns Rsns m A. U s % 7 Ah Tm sl m. sml. sssns b U lns Fr Rbbs bs n srls bln U ml r. Th nrrn lms r h Ah b srr n h srls nnr r s b n 7 rsl.. Qr hn h bs Rn rsns h sl srr r r h. hn n s h r h srs h x SEET r hr h h rrsnn rsl h s sn h ln. h nl r s r lr h srr rrs h rsls rm h r h rhr hn rsn n xn h r n. Qr hn h bs hs h rn h r sr m h bs r. n n xrmn rmn h ll r ml n r h m r hn n rsns m. sb Rbbs rl nssn smlns sssns. T sml rn rs r hn sl s r sl rs h lls h ssr r s h h bs srr n s s h r srn hs r. m h Rbbs srls m hm rs rn rns h rs h hs n. Fr h r hn l h r rsns m h % nn nrls n Fr. As x h bsr rsns m rss sl s h r r hn nrssh r rsns m s nrl ms h r hn n rs b ms hn ll h rs r h. n Fr ls l h r rsns m r b r ml r rn rs hn. n h r ml s bl r ll h m h r r rssn m h nrsn rs hn n r rsns m. Th r rsns ms r n b hn h % nn nrl h bsr rsns ms r h nr rn r hn.. mbln Rl Trs Sll rln SEET h SEET SQ AHE nsrs h sl s n h hs r. Fr hn h bs r Rbbs. nr Rbs sn rl srls r ssn hr srrs hs r. s h rl h smlns sssns. Th sr hn ms r sssn r hsn sn n xnnl srbn hs mn s hsn nrml rnm rm h s s s. hs shr-l sssns h mn sssn rn mn. r rsls r rsn n Fr. h rln h ml r ss h rsns ms b snnl smllr hn n h xrmn n Fr. Frhr hsn sssns h l rn hn ms nsrs rbl n h rl ms b nl sssns n rs l mbln h ml r. Fr ls h nmbr rss ssn hrh h h hr srrs n h srls r r s nrls rn mn rn hs xrmn Fr b ls h r n--n rsns ms r hs rss. Ths rs sh h mbln n h l n h hr rls. Als h ms l srr hns r mhsn shr sssn rn ss h l mbln sh mn rls rnl. Fr ls h r rsns ms bsr r rss ssn hrh h hr srrsns rsnn rsns ms rrsnn s srrs l ls r h ls l h sn ls l n h ms l srr. Fr ls shs h rsns ms r b h ml ssmn r l blnn h ml r. Unr hs ssmn s n bn h r ls n h bsr rsns ms. x s h ml nhnmn srb n Sn. r l mbln. Fr hs rl h ls r h l mbln rs s b r nhnmn r rmn b β =. β =. n β =.. l h rsns ms r b h nhn ml h xrm rh n Fr. bsr h h s hs nl rmrs mrs r rn h rsns m. Th r r rsns m ms lsl mh h bsr l ms h h ssmn r l blnn h ml nrsm h r rsns m b ms.. ll Sssn lsss r lsss Rbs sssns sn h rls n rsl. Rll h h rss n hs lsss h rn sr m rrmns rn rs s Unns n h srls r hl s U nns n h bs r. n ss xrmns h hh nls n h nmbr sssns n lss x n rn h nmbr sssns h hr lss. hn m h r-lss r rsns m r b h ml-lss rsn r ml Sn.. l h bsr n r rsns ms r h lsss n Fr. hl h r rsns ms lsl mh h bsr ls r h rs xrmn n h sn xrmn Fr b b-

10 mbr rss SSS TTT Rl Rl QQQ RRR QQQ RRR AA BB Rl AA BB AA BB == AA BB == AA BB == AA BB == == %% == AA AA AA BB BB BB %% == AA BB %% == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE ## %% FF GG HH == AA BB EE FF GG HH %% Tm s A. rs m ms ~V~ ~V~ žvž žvž ŸVŸ ŸVŸ V V V V V V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V hvh V ŒVŒ V ŒVŒ V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V rvr svs VV V V Tm s Rl Rl V V s l V V Rl m l ±±± ²²² s l Ar ¹¹ ºº ¹¹ ºº ««A. rs m ms ¹¹ ºº ««¹¹ ºº ³³ ««¹¹ ºº ³³ ««¹¹ ºº ³³ ««¹¹ ºº ³³ ««¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ «» ¼¼ ¹¹ ºº ³³ ½½ ««bsr r l bl. Enhn l Snr m. rss r-rl b Rs. ms r-rl Rs. ms bs n l Fr mbln h ml r Rbs. n b rsn nmbr rss n rsns ms lss n r-rl bss rsns rsns ms lss rn ms l sn ms l n ms l rls n rll r rsns ms. A. rs. m ms 7 bsr r lss bsr r lss r r lss r r lss m. lss sssns Tn lss- sssns A. rs. m ms bsr r lss bsr r lss r r lss r r lss m. lss sssns b Tn lss- sssns Fr Rbs srn sssns lsss. Sssns lss r nr sn rl hl hs lss r nr sn rl. sr h r ml nrsms h rsns m r lss r sssns rb hs n nr smn h sr m lss rss h srls r hs l.. AATS F THE E n hs sn mnsr sm lns r ml r mnn rsrs n nr. ls sss sm mrn sss rl h nln s r ml.. nm rsnn n Bln nn nm rsnn s sl hn r hnln h ml-m-sl rns sn n nrn rls. Th l nm rsnn s nmll ll sn h rs n ln s h s rsns m ns n b m n n h rsn h rl. T mnns nm rsnn hn r rn h rl n ln n rmnn h n sr hs r rl. Th rmr rblm hs bn rss n rs sh s [. Th rl sms m b sh rrs n b s b r ml rss h ss h mh rsn. bsr h h ns r ml-bs rsnn hn r h rl hrrss nmbr sssns b sr smlnsl n h rsns m r n h sr s ssnmn r h ln. sr h n nl ssnmn n srr h r. s h VA lrhm rmn h rsln r rsns m s srb n Sns n. n s hs s rs hn h r s h VA lrhm rmn r h rlbl r h rsns m rsln rm h n n mr srr. srr h r h rsls n h ms mrmn n rsns m. r hs ll h n ssnmn r hh h r rsns m s bl h rhs ssnmn ls h b ssn h lns rs. Th b rsnn rr hs m mlx hr s h nmbr srrs h h ln s nll ssn s h h nmbr rs n s h nmbr sssns. Sn rsnn sns r ll m r rs ns mns r hrs hs rh s rll sbl. n n xrmn mnsr h ln r ml nmll rsn Rbs nr sn srls s ml r. ssm n l rl rr h n rl rs h rl r h nr r. nr -hr ln sssn rrl rss bs n b r rm h Sr rl s [ hs s shn n Fr. Sssns r nr rn hs rrl rss sn rl. mlmn rsnn n h ns h ml-bs rr srb b r mn rmn h rr hnl h rl rn h nx nrl. r l s mnn n r rsns m s r Rbs rss. Sn r ml rrs h nmbr smlns sssns s n h rsnn n nr h r rn h nx nrl n n sm h nmbr smlns sssns r hh ll sn ls [ s = Λ hr Λ s h sssn rrl r rn h nx nrl s n b h rr n s h r sssn rn. Th rsnn n rn n sr srr. mlmn srs h rml l n h ln snr n h shrs r h rs r r r-mn nr h nl m llns. Th nrrn lms h Ah b srr n h Tm srls nnr r bh s. rsn h rn r rsnn n n h rrmn Rbs n Fr b. Th rsnn n s sssl n hnn h h srls r mh h rlrll h rl s U nns n hs r. Th sssn rrl r s rm b sssmn = mn nrl sssmn = mn. rrsnnl h rs rrl r nrss rm b rmn b rmn. Th rsnn n nrss h nmbr Tm rls rm mxmm 7 rn h xrmn. Frhr = mn h nmbr smlns sssns rn h mn mn nrl s r b hhr hn h nrrn lm h Ah r. h r rrn sssn ssms h s ls ssbl m h rsns m r b n nh srrs. Smms hs m n b ssbl.. h rl xn h nr lbl r nn-rlbl r bmn sr n m h ml mssn nrl n n rsnn. Ths s sss n Sn..

11 rrls r mn Tm mn Arrls A rs m ms Rs. m m. Ah m. Tm Tm mn mbr srrs b Srr lls. n rs. m A. rs. m ms Rs. m Rs. m Tm mn l-bs ln A. rs. m ms Rs. m Rs. m Tm mn b lr ms mr hn Fr l-bs nm rsnn srrs r Rbs. Fr xmn rn rn sssn ln n Rbs. Th ln srs lsss sssns. T rn n sssns bn r h nnn lm bn rh Ah sn Ah srr s h ln. Ths r ml-bs rsnn s bl n nl blns rn rs nnns Ah n U Tm n mnn rsns m rs b n rrl. n h h snl-r mls srb n Sn. ll nl b bl n r n ll l r sh hnn blns.. Sssn ln n lss-bs rnn nrn lns r nn xrn nx srs n hr rl nn s lsh rs [. Thrr n mrn mnn n sh ln s snr h ls nmn sssns n lns srr lnmn sssns r sb mssn nrl h snr nsr h h nr rrmn rns r m xss sssns r rn rn rls. n n ln srn mll lsss sssns h ssbl rn rsns m rrmns n rn shms r rn lsss s srbl sn snr h rn lsh r n rmn sbs sssns mn hh l m mnnl mr. An xml sh mr l b h rll x rn nr b h m sssns hl mn hr rsns m rs hs nsrn n rsns ms ll b ssm hl n h rs r sssn h bn s. Frmll n sssn lsss h sssns lss n sn rll rn s h mr b m h l h snr s rmn n -l m m sh h n r m r n hr r n ns h rn nr b n m sssns. r ml-lss ml srb n Sn. rs lxbl rr r rln hs. Frs bsr h h ns hs rr r h rl hrrss rs lsss n h ssn h ln rs n h sr s h nmbr sssns h lss m. n hr l s h ml-lss VA lrhm rmn h rn l b r mssbl -l. lrl hs l b mnll rhb. ns s hrs h nsrs h sssn lsss n nn-nrsn rr hr rn-r-sssn. Fr h lss nr nsrn s sssns ll hr ll lbl sssns r xhs r n nhr sssn l s h rsns m ls n lss s r b h ml l s r. Th m hs rr s n -l h nmbr sssns h n b s b h lr m mssn nrl sns. n srb r xrmns mnsr h rn h sssn lr r Rbs. nr h srls rsn Rbs h rls h srls r. Smlr Sn. hs n nsr sssn lsss n rsl. Th rsns m rs r h lsss r hsn b s n s h rn l b h m sssn s ssm b. n rsl. ssm sssn rns xl mn r llsr rss. r h lln lsh r snrs. ssm h sssns n sssns rr = sssns h n r ssm rr = mn. Fr rsns h rn r ml-bs lr. A = bs n h rr srb b h lr rs ms ll sssns h lss h hhr rn-r-sssn nml hn rs m s mn sssns s n hl n h r rsns ms nr r. A = mn h lr rs ms s mn sssns s n hn ms sssns mn mr l rn h ml s h rsns m b l. n rm Fr h h rsns m rrmns bh h lsss r m rn h xrmn. m nl bsrns rn [ mn h rsns m s ll bl s r s hs s bs hr r nl sssns hs lss lss hn h h bs r r h sr rsns m r sn h sssns srss mnl h srls r rll h nr n h h mnml m n h rsns m sssns hh mnl xrs h bs r n rn mn h rsns m s ll bl s r shs s bs h lr ms nl sssns h srls r s lhl l sn h sssns n srss n hrr h sssns xrn l rsns ms. Fr b mnsrs h m mn mr sssns n ln rsns m. A = h lr ms xss sssns ms n sssns rsl. n h sssns xrn r rsns ms n xss s s s h sr s. Smlrl = mn ms xss sssns ms n sssns rsl. sssns xrn rsns m lns. bsr h mn xss sssns n lss s n s rbl rn n h rrmn h hr lss bs h xrs rn rs h ln.. rhs n Ar rmr Esmn n hs sn sss sss rl h nln s r ml. Ssm rhs Th ml rrs srl rmrs b msr h snr h shrs h ln rs n n h rn ssm. n rr n h rhs ms

12 Errr n rsns m % Errr n s r % Errr n s r Errr n rsns m % Errr n sr m% b Errr n sr m Fr m rrr n smn h ml rmrs. b hs nln msrmns mnr h U n nr rhs ms b h nln mnrn mnns. srmns n r hsn nrnmn n h h U rh nln rmr smn s nlblnssnl lss hn % n nmbr xrmns. Smlrl rl-m rsn n rssn ln ls mss nlbl rh. Th sss msr rs mnns n b rll mmn h sr rnnn r ml. msr h nr rh hs msss. Fr Rbs srn nrrn sssns h nr r r b r nln smn s b. bs hh s nlbl n b hrn A. nrs n rmr Esmn T nrsn h m nrs n h sm rmrs n h r rsns ms lbrl nr rn mns rrr n h sm s rs n h sm sr ms h ml r. hn s hs rmr ls m h mn rsns m sn h ml n rmn h rn bn h r rsns ms h n h h rrrs. Frs n b l h rrr n r rsns m s b rn rs rrr r Rbs srn rl. r rsls ss lnr nn bn rrrs n h sm rmrs n hs n r rsns m. Ths ns h smll rrrs n r msrmns ll nl nr smll rrrs n h ml rns. 7. USS n hs r rsn n nll ml r ml-r nrn lns. r ml s bs n sn nr s rrsn h h rs n ml-r ln r rss rss. r ml s nrl nh r nrn lns h n rbrr nmbr hrns rs s nhrnl sn hnl sssn-bs rls n n n r ln snrss sh s l mblns hn rl r hn s h rsn mll lsss sssns n lms n h mn nrrn h r. Th ml rmrs r s msr n. l h ml sn n-sr ml-r lns rnnn n nx-bs srr lsr. r xrmns mnsr h r ml hll rs h rrmn hs lns r r rls n nrns. mnsr h l r ml n mnn rsrs r nrn lns nr rn rls n shn blns. As r r r ln ns h sbl r ml r rn mr rs rls.. -nns rn rs n sn nhnmns hnl hs. Anhr rn s xn r ml hnl hr ns shln slns sh s rrnl-shr shln h ln srrs.. REFEREES [ T. Ablhr. G. Shn n. Bh. rrmn Grns r b Srr En-Ssms A nrl-thrl Arh. EEE Trnsns n rlll n srb Ssms n.. [. Arl n T. n. rl hrrn h rl b S. Thnl Rr H--R H bs. [ A. hnr. Gn n. Shn. nm Rsr Alln r Shr nrs Usn nln srmns. n rns Elnh nrnnl rsh n Ql Sr QS n. [ R. l. hs. As. n n A. Vh. l-bs Rsr rsnn n b Sr Ul. n rns h h USTS r.. [ nsrr r. h ms.r.sssmsnsrr. [. Hllrsn F. Zhn n. Shhbn. An Arh r n r Sr nmn. n rns h EEE nl. n. n Ssms n r nmn. [7 A. mr V. sr n E. hm. sh A nrllr r nn h rrmn -Tr bss. n rns h h QS. [. lnr. Qn Ssms Vlm Thr. hn l n Sns n. 7. [ rnl T Vrl Srr. h.lnxrlsrr.r srss.hml. [ E. s. Zhrn G. Grhm n. S. Qn Ssm rrmn. rn Hll. [ R.. rr G.. Srr A. Tn n A. ss. rrmn nmn r lsr Bs b Srs. n FEEE Ehh nrnnl Smsm n nr r nmn lm s 7. [. ns. b Srr Sr Arhrs. n EEE nrn mn lm 7 mbrmbr. [ rl. h.rl.mhnl rsrl. [ S. Rnn. Rl H. F n E. nhl. Qs-rn srr mrn r nrn nrs. n rns h Tnh nrnnl rsh n Ql Sr QS. [. Rsr n S. nbr. n-vl Anlss ls lhn Qn rs. n rnl h Assn r mn hnr lm 7 s. [ Sss. hrshm.nrssss. [7. Slhbr. A l b Srr rrmn. n rns h h nrnnl rl b nrn. [ B. Urnr n. Shn. lsm Hnln Exrm rls n nrn Srs. n rns h r Annl A SGAT-SGS Smsm n rnls srb mn l. [. Vlll. rhn n. Rbnsn. rsnn Srrs n h Aln Tr r E-mmr Ssms. n rns h h QS n. [. lsh n. llr. A rl nrl r Bs nrn Srrs. n rns h h USTS rh

13 .