2.3. Information Management for HEP Information Management Disciplines. 3. LIFE CYCLE SUPPORT Life Cycle and Information Objects.

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1 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March negraed nformaion Managemen for TESLA J. Bürger, L. Hagge, J. Kreuzkamp, K. Lappe, A. Robben Deusches Elekronen-Synchroron, DESY, Nokesraße 85, Hamburg, Germany Nex-generaion projecs in High Energy Physics will reach again a new dimension of complexiy. nformaion managemen has o ensure an efficien and economic informaion flow wihin he collaboraions, offering world-wide up-o-dae informaion access o he collaboraors as one condiion for successful projecs. DESY inroduces several informaion sysems in preparaion for he planned linear collider TESLA: a Requiremens Managemen Sysem (RMS) is in producion for he TESLA planning group, a Produc Daa Managemen Sysem (PDMS) is in producion since he beginning of 2002 and is supporing he caviy preparaion and he general engineering of acceleraor componens. A pilo Asse Managemen Sysem (AMS) is in producion for supporing he managemen and mainenance of he echnical infrasrucure, and a Faciliy Managemen Sysem (FMS) wih a Geographic nformaion Sysem (GS) is currenly being inroduced o suppor civil engineering. Effors have been sared o inegrae he sysems wih he goal ha users can rerieve informaion hrough a single poin of access. The paper gives an inroducion o informaion managemen and he aciviies a DESY. 1. NTRODUCTON Globalizaion and informaion echnology have changed he boundary condiions for successful enerprises. Today's criical success facors include high speed of innovaion and ime-o-marke, high qualiy sandards, economic business design and inernaional presence. To cope wih hese condiions, enerprises increasingly rely on CAxechnologies (CAD, CAM, CAQ,...), and hey re-engineer heir business wih he goal of improving informaion exchange and enabling simulaneous engineering on a global scale. Organizaions address he enire life cycle of heir producs o allow for feedback from insallaion and even operaion back o produc design for improved qualiy. Building an acceleraor in a High Energy Physics laboraory faces he same boundary condiions as menioned above, hence i should be invesigaed if HEP can benefi from he same measures. Nex-generaion projecs in HEP will once more se a new scale of complexiy in collaboraion. The planned Linear Collider TESLA [1][2] will be realized by a global collaboraion wih decenralized envisioning, engineering and manufacuring. For hese purposes, he collaboraion will need locaion-independen access o up-o-dae informaion covering engineering, echnical infrasrucure, faciliies, projec managemen, conrolling and more. A Deusches Elekronen-Synchroron (DESY) an informaion managemen group has been creaed o improve he ransparency and help o ensure he performance of such large-scale fuure projecs. As a firs sep, new informaion sysems which suppor he life cycle of an acceleraor are being inroduced a DESY: a Requiremens Managemen Sysem (RMS) is in producion for he TESLA planning group, and a Produc Daa Managemen Sysem (PDMS) is in producion for supporing he caviy preparaion and he general engineering of acceleraor componens. A pilo Asse Managemen Sysem (AMS) is in producion for supporing he managemen and mainenance of he echnical infrasrucure, and a Faciliy Managemen Sysem (FMS) and a Geographic nformaion Sysem (GS) are currenly being cusomized o suppor he civil engineering. Work is going on o inegrae he sysems so ha users can access combined informaion. The goal is o finally provide an inegraed informaion managemen which suppors he enire life cycle of collider projecs. The vision is ha expers use specialized ools which are opimized o heir specific asks, he exper ools are ighly inegraed wih a supporing informaion sysem which sores, relaes and manages he emerging informaion, like e.g. 3D-CAD wih EDMS or archiecural CAD wih FMS, and a general-purpose Web inerface is available as a single poin of access for navigaing and rerieving informaion from any of he informaion sysems. This paper gives an inroducion o he informaion managemen aciviies for TESLA a DESY. The paper firs inroduces he key conceps of informaion managemen. hen describes how informaion managemen can suppor he differen sages of an acceleraor life cycle and presens he differen informaion sysems being inroduced and used a DESY, before i finally summarizes he projec saus and he experience gained. 2. NFORMATON MANAGEMENT 2.1. Key Conceps. nformaion Managemen is an increasingly popular erm in compuer science and among T professionals, which is used wih differen meanings. nformaion managemen is commonly used for he planning, budgeing, conrol and exploiaion of he informaion resources in an organizaion [3]. From a managemen poin of view, informaion managemen is responsible for supplying all he resources in an organizaion efficienly and economically wih he informaion hey need o achieve heir business goals [4]. Maching (?) he informaion people reques wih he informaion hey acually need for heir work, and wih he informaion hey offer o ohers is raher complex (cf. Figure 1). f for example an addiional componen has o be insered ino a beam-line, he projec eam needs o know he available space, i.e. he dimension of he gap beween he neighbouring componens ino which i should be insered. Ou of habi, he eam requess an

2 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March overview drawing which shows he wo componens from which he disance could be deermined. The engineering deparmen on he oher hand migh offer only drawing ses for each componen, bu no an overview of he whole beam-line. n his case, he informaion reques canno be fulfilled, alhough he informaion need could have been saisfied by a simple measuremen on locaion. Figure 2 shows wo differen collaboraion models, which are frequenly encounered in large organizaions. (a) Cusomer reques is-a (b) offer need Provider is-a Projec Team Figure 1. Adjusing informaion need, reques and offer. nformaion sysems are he major ools for informaion managemen. The erm usually refers o an T applicaion in conjuncion wih is inegraion ino an informaion managemen process [5], and is differeniaed o T applicaions, which usually ignore he inegraion ino is user s organizaion. To exemplify his definiion, office suies are undersood as T applicaions, as i is he users responsibiliy o adap heir way of working o he sysem, while e.g. ERP sysems are informaion sysems, since hey can only be operaed reasonably if hey are used according o pre-defined use cases. n summary: nformaion managemen ensures he informaion supply wihin projec eams, adjuss he informaion which is requesed, offered, and needed organizes informaion flow and he corresponding business processes, and inroduces and operaes informaion sysems. nformaion sysems are defined as he enire infrasrucure, organizaion, personnel, and componens ha collec, process, sore, ransmi, display, disseminae, and ac on informaion [5] Collaboraion Models. Undersanding he philosophy of an organizaion s working model is an imporan precondiion for informaion managemen, as he inroducion of informaion sysems ineracs srongly wih he organizaion. Figure 2. Differen collaboraion models and heir implemenaion: (a) ransacion processing, (b) markeplace. Process-oriened organizaions (Figure 2a) rely on welldefined and esablished processes, which are iniiaed by reques or conrac. Work packages and informaion flow are defined and known o he people involved. Processes are usually embedded in a sricly hierarchical organizaion. The work is predicable and calculable, individual seps can be opimized, he scenario is sable o change. Saff flucuaions affec he process only locally, as work packages are usually assigned o small eams or deparmens, and can hus be conrolled. Similarly, qualiy conrol can be performed along he process, inervenions are possible a early sages. Process-orienaion is frequenly seen in banking, insurance or manufacuring. Organizaions wih a large amoun of sandardizaion or rouine work. The working model of process-oriened companies is echnically a ransacion model, as i is similar o he archiecure of e.g. daabase sysems and hence maps well o informaion sysems. Several sraigh-forward mehods available for inroducing informaion sysems ino processoriened companies, which can easily scale o companywide soluions for e.g. enerprise resource planning (ERP), producion planning sysems (PPS) or produc lifecycle managemen (PLM). An alernaive o process-orienaion is he collaboraion model, which is ypical for scienific communiies. is founded on he common ineres of he paricipans in he inended resul. Conribuors self-organize around he subjec of a projec (Figure 2b). Every uni conribues according o is undersanding and is capabiliies. Work flow and informaion flow are coordinaed hrough informal ad-hoc processes, which are iniiaed by common undersanding. n his sense, collaboraion can be viewed as a nework of loosely-coupled exper groups.

3 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March Collaboraions are less regulaed han hierarchical processoriened organizaions and ofen achieve higher moivaion of is conribuors. Technically, he working model of collaboraions can be called a markeplace model. Markeplace models also occur in aucions and rading and B2B-applicaions. They are inherenly disribued archiecures which are someimes implemened on op of groupware echnology, bu using groupware or similar approaches ofen resrics workflow managemen and process coordinaion o local asks. This implies ha overall projec coordinaion and qualiy assurance are much harder han in ransacion models, if no a all impossible nformaion Managemen for HEP. The preparaions for a global acceleraor nework (GAN, e.g. [6][7]) indicae ha informaion managemen will be one of he key challenges of fuure acceleraor projecs. Bu HEP has a differen culure of informaion exchange han indusry, hus soluions from indusry canno simply be ransferred o HEP. Currenly, collaboraions in High Energy Physics are dominanly organized according o he markeplace model. On he oher hand, building large acceleraors and experimens are indusrial scale projecs of plan engineering and consrucion which seem o beer fi ino a process-oriened ransacion-like model. The mos criical areas are he engineering divisions, who are usually posiioned on he boundary beween innovaive design work on he one hand, and rouine qualiy producion on he oher hand. They hus need o implemen boh models, as for innovaion markeplace models are beneficial, while design and producion is beer performed in ransacion-like processing. Thus informaion sysems are ighly inerwoven wih he collaboraion model. The reques for novel informaion managemen ools implies herefore he necessiy of organizaional change. The aenion will primarily focus on re-organizing he engineering processes. For he concerned groups, his implies a paradigm shif from he currenly dominan collaboraion model o a more sricly defined process-oriened way of work. This paradigm shif is ofen fel like moving he basic coordinaion principle from common undersanding o work orders. Thus here will be ineviably some opposiion, which has o be overcome. This calls for a dedicaed accepance managemen demonsraing he use and necessiy of informaion managemen. Furhermore a srong managemen suppor is needed. 3. LFE CYCLE SUPPORT 3.1. Life Cycle and nformaion Objecs. The life cycle of an acceleraor can be coarsely srucured ino he four phases Envisioning and specificaion, design, producion, i.e. manufacuring and insallaion, and operaion and mainenance. Figure 3. Life cycle and informaion objecs. Figure 3 illusraes he life cycle and shows ha a each sage, characerisic informaion is emerging which needs o be colleced for use in laer phases. Envisioning predominanly resuls in specificaions, skeches, calculaions and presenaions, while models, drawings and (assembly breakdown) srucures are ypical design eniies. During producion, informaion abou individual pars is creaed, like e.g. work logs or observed manufacuring olerances, followed by e.g. alignmen informaion, mainenance records and oher monioring informaion which is colleced during operaion and mainenance. is an imporan observaion ha he enire informaion is needed as he life cycle proceeds. For example, manufacured pars have o be qualiy-conrolled prior o insallaion. For his purpose, hey have o be compared and relaed wih specificaions and design drawings. Design and specificaion informaion is also frequenly requesed when componens have o be mainained nformaion Managemen Disciplines. Each sage of he life cycle is characerized by differen informaion eniies and differen user groups, which are addressed by differen disciplines of informaion managemen. Major disciplines include Requiremens Managemen (RM) addresses he eliciaion and documenaion of requiremens on producs (e.g. componens), Produc Daa Managemen (PDM) coordinaes he developmen and producion of (acceleraor, experimen ec.) componens, and also covers Documen Managemen, Asse Managemen (AM) handles purchasing, commissioning, operaing and mainaining equipmen and echnical infrasrucure, and Faciliy Managemen (FM) suppors he planning, consrucion and mainenance of buildings and heir echnical insallaions, as well as realies. nformaion managemen includes many more disciplines, among hem projec managemen and enerprise resource planning, bu as his paper concenraes on echnical engineering suppor, hese opics are no discussed here any furher.

4 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March Specificaion Design Producion Operaion & Mainenance and PDMS are separae opics which require differen responsibiliies while a he same ime one canno be reaed wihou he oher. AM FM RM PDM Figure 4. Differen disciplines of informaion managemen wih differen inensiies a differen life cycle sages. Figure 4 illusraes ha he differen disciplines conribue wih varying inensiies o he differen life cycle sages. RM is essenial a projec iniiaion when ideas and consrains are colleced and he inended componens are defined. PDM is conribuing during design and producion, when engineering daa is being generaed, reviewed, approved ec., and when differen engineering processes need o be coordinaed. AM is gaining imporance once producion sared o collec and sore he echnical parameers of each individual componen, and FM is usually needed a projec iniiaion o assess available grounds and buildings, and hen as insallaion procedures commence. The relevance of he disciplines o HEP projecs is discussed in more deail in secion Mission. To enable efficien informaion managemen hroughou he life cycle, ools have o be provided which suppor he differen managemen disciplines, and he engineering processes and he ools need o be adaped. This summarizes he mission of DESY s informaion managemen aciviies: provide opimum sysems for each life cycle sage, and help o esablish engineering processes which are compaible wih he informaion managemen goals. A major challenge is o differeniae he managemen discipline and he informaion sysem. Usually names are used synonymously for boh (Figure 5), bu he former encompasses process definiions and qualiy assurance, among oher, while he laer refers o he echnical soluion: For example, Produc Daa Managemen (PDM) has o esablish procedures for reviewing and releasing drawings, while a Produc Daa Managemen Sysem (PDMS) offers check-ou and check-in funcionaliy for drawing files as a echnical basis for implemening and supporing he procedures. Thus sricly speaking, PDM RMS EDM negraed User nerface Lighweigh Viewing (Web - ) Clien for Casual Users Fully Funcional CAx -, Office -, SAP -... (Web - ) Cliens for Exper Users Asse EDMS Mgm. GS GS BF Projec Docum. AMS FM (SAP) FMS Mgm. Mgm. Workflow Common Daa Reposiory Figure 5.Managemen disciplines and informaion sysems negraed nformaion Managemen. nformaion sysems for supporing RM, PDM, AM and FM are required in several indusries, however he combinaion of hese sysems as discussed in he previous subsecions is raher uncommon. Aerospace indusries, for example, need RMS, PDMS and AMS o design aircrafs and keep rack of he pars, bu no FMS. Railways need FMS and AMS o manage heir racks, saions and flee, bu no PDMS unless hey build he rains hemselves. is hus possible o acquire commercial-of-he-shelf sysems for supporing he differen disciplines, bu presenly a soluion which could suppor he enire life cycle in he above defined sense was unavailable. specificaion Documen describes manual Requiremen describes Produc consiss of is a Equipmen houses is a Componen is par of RMS PDMS AMS Map shows Building houses nsallaion Figure 6. nformaion objecs and heir allocaion o informaion sysems. shows Figure 6 shows a simplified schema which conains some of he informaion objecs which were inroduced in secion 3.2, and illusraes how hey are allocaed o differen informaion sysems. The schema is separaed because of he limied scopes of he informaion sysems, and he reposiories of he informaion sysems have o be inegraed o enable esablishing all he relaions which are shown in he diagram. Similar effecs are occurring a every sysem layer, hence inegraion is also required a user inerface and a kernel level. On he oher hand, commercially available sysems usually address a broader scope han only heir core purpose. This can lead o he FMS

5 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March same funcionaliy being available in more han one sysem. 4. NFORMATON MANAGEMENT AT DESY nroducing informaion sysems requires subsanial lead ime, as he sysems have o be implemened and fully cusomized before an acceleraor or an experimen can use he sysem for a given life cycle sage. Unforunaely lead imes can easily amoun o several years. negraing informaion sysems is ye anoher ask, which is ideally planned already when inroducing he firs sysem, bu which coninues long afer he sysems were rolled ou. TESLA-LC TESLA-XFEL Specificaion AM Design TTF-2 Producion HERA-2 PETRA-2 Operaion & Mainenance RM PDM FM Figure 7. Acceleraors a DESY and heir life cycle sage. DESY decided o inroduce basic versions of he inended informaion sysems in parallel and hen exend hem in collaboraion wih user groups. DESY is operaing several acceleraors which are a differen sages in heir life cycle, and he inenion is o inroduce every informaion sysem wih focus on an acceleraor which is in a corresponding life cycle sage. Figure 7 posiions some of DESY s acceleraors along he life cycle. The chosen consellaions for inroducing informaion sysems are a Requiremens Managemen Sysem (RMS) for TESLA planning, a Produc Daa Managemen Sysem (PDMS) for supporing he engineering and he caviy preparaion procedures of TTF-2, an Asse Managemen Sysem (AMS) for managing componens a HERA-2 and PETRA-2, and a Faciliy Managemen Sysem (FMS) and Geographic nformaion Sysem (GS) for TESLA planning and he campus. The following secions describe hese projecs Requiremens Managemen. n preparaion for he planned linear collider TESLA-LC and he free elecron laser TESLA-XFEL, DESY began planning and designing he required buildings and faciliies for he acceleraors and experimens. The design eam was formed of several expers wih differen backgrounds, including acceleraor physics and research, engineering, safey, survey, cryogenics, faciliies and many more. The expers formed several loosely-coupled special ineres groups which sared specificaion and design work. The exper groups played he role of sakeholders, who specify heir ideas in erms of requiremens and consrains, and civil engineers were in parallel developing designs of he buildings and faciliies according o hese specificaions. To accoun for he echnical dependencies of he differen buildings, faciliies and componens, higher-level collaboraion ools and mehods were demanded. rerieve specify Physics Engineering Safey nfrasrucure RQ P RQ E RQ S RQ R11 R12 R13 DB R31 R11 R21 R22 R33 R21 R41 R22 RQ Requiremens Spec DB Requiremens Daabase DB R31 R11 Which space requess are know for he deecor halle? R41 Type = Space Division = Elecric Eng. Building = Deecor Hall Locaion = Campus... R21 Engineer R41 R22 R31 R32 R33 R43 Rij R43 DB-Query Type = Space Division = * Building = Deecor Hall Locaion = * R32 R32 Figure 8. RMS soluion for TESLA planning. R41 R42 R43 R13 R33 Requiremen Dependency R33 Type = Equipmen Divisoin = Safey Building = All Buildings Locaion = All Locaions... R13 R33 Checklise R41 R21 R22 R11 A soluion was buil around a commercial Requiremens Managemen Sysem (RMS). The RMS enabled he exper groups o creae heir specificaions using heir accusomed office ools. The RMS was hen replicaing individual paragraphs from he specificaion in a requiremens daabase. One person per exper group was responsible for classifying he requiremens in he daabase according o pre-defined caegories. This way, he civil engineers were able o rerieve from he daabase all he requiremens which are relevan for a given faciliy

6 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March or building. The RMS includes a Web clien which offers access o boh he specificaions and he requiremens daabase. Figure 8 summarizes he RMS soluion. The RMS yielded wo major benefis: The RMS enabled he negoiaion of requiremens, i.e. i helped o discover opics which have been addressed independenly by more han one exper group and which needed o be synchronized. The RMS provided he essenial checkliss for approving he designs from he civil engineers. The RMS has been successfully inroduced o he TESLA planning group and is now conaining he official specificaions of several expers groups. The RMS became available only afer he planning aciviies had already sared, so i was adoped only relucanly by he exper groups. Addiionally, requiremens managemen was a raher unusual aciviy for mos of he groups, so subsanial iniial effors wen ino adaping and raining an RM mehod o he planning group. An imporan and fruiful measure was o inroduce a (par-ime) requiremens manager ino he projec coordinaion eam [8][9] Produc Daa Managemen. The componens of he TTF-2 acceleraor are designed, manufacured and commissioned a disribued locaions. Wihin his framework, he caviy preparaion is an imporan procedure which ensures and improves he qualiy of he acceleraing caviies prior o heir assembly in he acceleraor modules. While he modules are being assembled and esed, ongoing research effors a he same ime coninue pushing forward he caviy performance as long as possible. A commercial PDMS is in producion, which is used o coordinae he caviy preparaion process, and o manage all he echnical documenaion which occurs in his process. Fory-wo work packages have been defined which are conrolled by a dynamic work flow which coordinaes, races and archives all seps. The PDMS reas caviies as pars, and for every produced individual new caviy, a corresponding new seralized par has o be creaed in he PDMS. The PDMS hen auomaically generaes a new se of work packages for ha individual caviy. The preparaion process is iinciaed when he process manger sends he firs work package o he receiving eam. Once a work package is finished, he owning eam has o approve he work in he PDMS, which hen noifies he enire eams and issues he nex work package. The caviy preparaion process has been auomaed and simplified wih he inroducion of he PDMS, as noificaion and informaion exchange have been implemened elecronically. Furhermore, he ransparency of he process was increased, and he hisory of each caviy is now available from a cenral informaion poin. Bu mos imporan, due o he PDMS inroducion, he preparaion process needed o be defined, riggering he ongoing opimizaion of he process. Figure 9 summarizes he influence of he PDMS inroducion on he caviy preparaion process. Process Manager Daabase Manager oher Team Members Process Manager Daabase Manager oher Team Members wries iniializes ges informaions ges informaion is sen via fp or ges informaion Work Package sends o execues asks send o execues asks noifies (via ) Team dokumens asks Excel-Shee Acknowledge Whie Board Team documens asks sores Laufzeel Logbook Acknowledge Release Figure 9. Caviy preparaion process opimizaion due o PDMS inroducion. The PDMS is also used in he general engineering procedures of he TTF-2 collaboraion. Users creae par srucures for componens under developmen, using e.g. par-o-par relaions for building a par breakdown srucure (PBS). Then, documens like e.g. CAD models and drawings, work packages or general documenaion are aached o pars, and he workflow engine coordinaes he approval and noificaion procedures. All PDMS accesses are by means of a Web clien. Figure 10 illusraes he wo differen srucures which are kep in a PDMS.

7 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March Figure 10. Par and documen srucures in a PDMS. The demand for a PDMS and especially for documen managemen is also known a oher HEP laboraories, bu implemening a PDM soluion is always a edious ask. A PDMS is an highly complex informaion sysem, which firs has o be carefully cusomized o be compaible wih he laboraory s documenaion sandards and qualiy assurance procedures, and which afer ha requires a high degree of discipline of is users, which have o work according o hese sandards and procedures. Prior o he PDMS inroducion, a Web-based Documen Managemen Sysem (DMS) which has been developed in he HEP communiy was inroduced a DESY [10]. The sysem had a ha ime only a basic and limied funcionaliy. Using he sysem was an imporan sep owards undersanding he poenial of a PDMS. The DMS enabled he users o explore he poenial of documen managemen, and when reaching he limiaions of he available soluion, o naurally develop he requiremens for a PDMS Asse Managemen. The HERA and PETRA acceleraors are in operaion for far more han a decade, and he major asks a hese machines are mainenance and upgrade work. The scope ranges from exchanging componens or pars of componens, like e.g. magnes, coils of magnes of vacuum pumps, o re-engineering whole acceleraor secions An AMS is being inroduced o offer a single poin of access o he acceleraor invenory, and o improve spare pars managemen. The AMS conains a cenral reposiory for equipmen, which sores echnical and operaional parameers and demographic informaion for every individual componen and keeps rack of heir hisory. A workflow engine suppors moving, adding and changing componens, and i can be used o auomae e.g. he purchasing of spare pars, or o issue and rack work orders for mainenance asks. The AMS is accessed hrough a Web clien. An firs version of he AMS is conaining he invenory daa of he acceleraors and is ready for roll-ou. The AMS will be iniially used by he group who is responsible for coordinaing he mainenance work a he acceleraors. Figure 11. Technical informaion in an AMS. The seleced AMS is a general-purpose sysem which is open o accommodae echnical infrasrucure of many differen caegories. DESY has decided o inroduce he AMS firs for he T infrasrucure, and o exend i o oher domains afer iniial experience has been gained. From a process-oriened poin of view, he sysem requiremens for supporing operaion and mainenance of T hardware and of acceleraor componens are similar o a cerain degree, hence he AMS is a promising candidae for generaing synergy. The T-AMS is in producion [11] Faciliy Managemen. The upcoming and planned fuure acceleraor projecs iniiae exensive civil engineering aciviies. A faciliy managemen soluion is being prepared o inegrae he planning and documenaion aciviies of civil engineering, acceleraor design and insallaion of echnical infrasrucure. The inended soluion is based on hree commercial producs: An archiecural CAD sysem is he basis for creaing plans of buildings and halls. The plans are srucured ino layers, and every user group (e.g. civil engineers, safey personnel or elecriciy providers) mainains a se of layers in he common plans. A FMS conains a cenral reposiory for building informaion and enables e.g. user, key or mainenance managemen. feaures an online connecion wih he CAD sysem, enabling navigaion beween CAD plans and he FM-daabase. The soluion is compleed by a GS, which mainains maps of he campus and he acceleraor racks and is he basis for survey and alignmen.

8 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March CAD-sysems, office-suies or hird-pary daabases have o be inegraed ighly wih a given informaion sysems, so ha informaion creaed wihin hese applicaions is auomaically propagaed ino he informaion managemen plaform. These ype of inegraion is ofen realized commercially by he vendors of he informaion sysems. Several conceps are exising for sysem inegraion [12], bu currenly no generic mehod for sysem inegraion is known in compuer science. 5. RESULTS AND EXPERENCE Figure 12. Componens of a faciliy managemen soluion Figure 12 shows some componens of he soluion. Currenly, a legacy GS is in producion, and a pilo for demonsraing he inended new GS/FMS-soluion is available negraion Effors. Once he informaion sysems are in producion, effors have o be sared o provide he inended inegraed soluion. Concepually, he sysems should (a leas o he casual user) appear as one informaion managemen plaform. User nerface Kernel Daabase Common Processes User nerface Kernel Daabase Common Reposiory Viewing- Applicaion CAD- Sysem Office- Sysem Figure 13. negraion aciviies. Figure 13 illusraes he inegraion effors which are required for providing such a plaform. The informaion sysems need o be inegraed a every layer, i.e. he reposiory schemas need o be conneced, ransacions have o be propagaed among he sysems, an he user inerfaces have o enable navigaion across sysem boundaries. Addiionally, specialized applicaions like e.g Resuls. Mos of he inended informaion sysems are in producion: The RMS is in producion since Q3/2002 and is used for he TESLA planning aciviies. The PDMS is in producion since Q4/2001 and is used for he caviy preparaion and he engineering of TTF-2, and i conains he documenaion of he TESLA planning aciviies. The AMS is in producion for T equipmen since Q3/2002, and is ready for an iniial roll-ou in he acceleraor domain. The GS/FMS soluion is available for demonsraion, and an iniial roll-ou is scheduled for he end of n addiion o sysem inroducion, iniial inegraion effors have been sared. Choosing differen arge groups enabled a parallel inroducion of he differen informaion sysems, which is considered necessary because of he large lead ime which a sysem inroducion needs. As a drawback, sysem inegraion becomes much harder, as here are almos no common objecs in he differen reposiories Observed Benefis. n heir firs year of operaion, he sysems have been able o demonsrae some of he benefis of informaion managemen: The sysems ac as a cenral communicaion and documenaion plaform, offering a single poin of access o informaion from a heerogeneous environmen. All users have srucured access o up-o-dae informaion, which can originae from a variey of differen sources (e.g. Office, CAx). The sysems enable associaing and querying such informaion, and hey help o discover gaps or conflics in he exising informaion pool. The laer has been observed especially wih he RMS. The sysems enable and improve concurren engineering, which has been observed in he TTF-2 engineering processes and in he TESLA planning aciviies. nformaion becomes available o independenly operaing disribued working groups, and informaion from differen engineering domains is inegraed. The sysems help o improve he (business) processes

9 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March The informaion sysems enforces he user groups o (re)define working procedures. f a no opimized process is suppored by an informaion sysem, i remains a no opimized process. The fac ha he process has o be defined makes deficis visible and leads o re-engineering and opimizing he process. This has been especially observed for he caviy preparaion process. The sysems ensure long erm archiving of emerging knowledge. They sore documens and informaion boh in heir naive formas and in a neural presenaion forma (e.g. pdf). The laer ensures ha hey can be accessed even afer long periods of ime. The documens can be modified as long as he naive applicaion is suppored. This feaure is essenial for inerruping and resuming aciviies, which occurs frequenly when e.g. projecs are waiing for approval and funding Experience. From a echnical poin of view, inroducing informaion managemen simply requires, ha he enire life cycles become coordinaed wih he business processes. Mehods are known for implemening such soluions in processoriened organizaions. n collaboraions, however, mehods and soluions are less formalized and hus leave a higher degree of uncerainy wheher hey will finally succeed. Experience shows ha he key success facors for inroducing informaion managemen do no include echnical issues. The following paragraphs summarize pars of he experience gained. The major success facors of informaion managemen in a HEP environmen are use, usabiliy and exensive user suppor. Any informaion sysem (or process opimizaion) has o deliver immediae and ransparen benefi o he user, oherwise i will no be adoped volunarily. The laer implies ha he informaion pool will remain incomplee and ha herefore he inended projec goals can hardly be achieved, unless sysem usage is enforced. Usabiliy is he means by which relucan users can be convinced o join he communiy, and user suppor is necessary o provide raining in mehod and ools. Be paien and be quick. nformaion managemen projecs need long advance planning and lead imes, and once a sysem has been successfully rolled-ou, i akes equally long unil i is adoped. is imporan o communicae hese iming consrains o users and managemen, bu a he same ime develop a sraegy for incremenal delivery o be prepared for coninuously demonsraing he progress of he projec. The ool is always guily. nroducing documen-based informaion sysems like PDMS or RMS is especially edious, because as long as he users don creae documens wihin he sysems, he sysems simply say empy and useless, even if hey offer heir full echnological poenial. Users end o no differeniae beween asks, mehods and ools, bu raher assign any propery o he ool. Thus a lack of documenaion, which indicaes an organizaional problem, is quickly perceived as being due o a bad sysem. Figure 14 illusraes he effec. Figure 14. Barriers for documen-based informaion sysems. An inefficien, bu someimes he only counermeasure is o foresee ha he informaion managemen eam joins he user groups and performs heir documenaion asks unil he sysem usage is esablished. n case of daabase-oriened sysems he siuaion is a lile more relaxed as usually some legacy daa is available which can be impored by he projec eam o iniialize sysem usage. Turn pos-morem accepance ino promoion. The value of an informaion sysem becomes visible when i is hreaened o be reired. A his poin, he legacy daa is scanned, and he users communicae he drawbacks and problems hey will experience if he sysem became unavailable: hey will concenrae on he sysem srenghs insead of is weaknesses. is imporan for he success of a projec, ha he srenghs of he soluion are sressed from he very beginning. Asking users early wha hey would loose if he sysem were reired is an efficien way o discover wha srenghs are fel by he user communiy, and o sensiize he users o he benefis hey are receiving. Beware he inegraion. negraion is a difficul projec of is own, and o add difficulies, inegraion asks are compleely invisible o users and managemen and hus hard o be equipped wih resources and budge. The concepual inegraion work has o be sared very early, while he echnical work may be sared only afer iniial versions of he informaion sysems are available. Some concepual issues which need o be aken ino accoun early include sysem archiecure, access and securiy policies, and daa schema and daa exchange. The Demonsrae-he-Benefis Dilemma. For exising acceleraors, informaion is someimes only available as paper-based documenaion, and he saus and locaion of he documens are mainained only locally by he auhoring group. This may become problemaic when e.g. afer years of operaion, acceleraors or experimens have o be modified (e.g. for upgrades), and he auhoring expers have in he mean ime become unavailable. These difficulies can only be prevened, if emphasis is pu on creaing and mainaining informaion already during he very firs sages of he life cycle, leading o he dilemma ha

10 n. Conf. on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP), San Diego, March ensuring efficien long-erm mainainabiliy requires exensive and horough documenaion during early life cycle sages, documenaion is fel as an addiional and nonproducive workload, he benefis of documenaion become visible only in laer sages of he life cycles, and only afer exensive documenaion has been creaed, and he benefiing groups are usually differen from he groups which creae he documenaion. To resolve his dilemma is one of he major challenges of informaion managemen. References. [1] F. Richard e. al. (eds.), TESLA Technical Design Repor, DESY , DESY Hamburg, [2] R. Brinkmann e. al. (eds.), TESLA-XFEL Technical Design Repor, DESY , DESY Hamburg, [3] Free Online-Dicionnary of Compuing (FOLDOC), mperial College, Dep. of Compuing, London 2003; hp://foldoc.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/index.hml on May 29, [4] P. Merens (ed.), Lexikon der Wirschafsinformaik (in German), Springer Heidelberg, [5] DOD Dicionnary of Miliary Terms, Dep. of Defense, Join Docrine Division, 2003; hp:// on May 29,2003. [6] R. Bacher, The Global Acceleraor Nework Globalizaion of Acceleraor Operaion and Conrol, Proceedings of 4 h nernaional Workshop on Personal Compuers and Paricle Acceleraor Conrols (PCaPAC 2002), Frascai, Ocober 2002 [7] R. S. Larsen, Virual Global Acceleraor Nework, Linear Collider Collaboraion Tech-Noes LCC- 0083, SLAC Sanford, June 2002 [8] L. Hagge, K. Lappe, Anforderungsmanagemen in einem inerdisziplinären Projek (Requiremens Engineering in an nerdisciplinary Projec, in German), Sofwareechnik-Trends 23,1(2003)15 [9] L. Hagge, K. Lappe, J. Kreuzkamp, The TESLA Requiremens Daabase, Proceedings of he nernaional Conference on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP 2003), San Diego, March [10] A. P. Hameri, Finnish Technology Takes on CERN's Daa Mounain, CERN Courier 41,4(2001)21. [11] E. Deffur, A. Gellrich, L. Hagge, J. Kreuzkamp, B. Schulz, Experience wih an T Asse Managemen Sysem, Proceedings of he nernaional Conference on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP 2003), San Diego, March [12] J. Bürger, L. Hagge, J. Kreuzkamp, K. Lappe, M. Leonhard, A. Robben, Conceps for negraing nformaion Sysems, Proceedings of he nernaional Conference on Compuing in High Energy Physics (CHEP 2003), San Diego, March 2003.