Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management

Transcription

1 B Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management edited by Florida Atlantic University Fort Lauderdale, Florida MARCEL MARCEL DEKKER, INC. NEW YORK BASEL D E K K E R

2 Contents Preface Contributors v xv UNIT ONE CRISIS MANAGEMENT Part I Micro-Macro Issues: Group and Intergroup Crisis Management 1. Introduction: Crisis and Emergency Management 1 2. The Crisis of Character in Comparative Perspective 11 David L Dillman and Mel Hailey 3. Preparing for Diversity in the Midst of Adversity: An Intercultural Communication Training Program for Refugee-Assistance Crisis Management 23 Phyllis Bo-Yuen Ngai and Peter Koehn 4. Formation of Motivation Crisis: Liberalism, Nationalism, and Religion in Israel 39 Efraim Ben-Zadok Part II Macro Issues: Organizational Crisis Management 5. Crisis Policy Making: Some Implications for Program Management 55 David C. Nice and Ashley Grosse 6. Disaster Impact upon Urban Economic Structure: Linkage Disruption and Economic Recovery 69 Richard M. Vogel Ix

3 x Contents 7. Crisis in the U.S. Administrative State Global Crisis in Public Service and Administration 111 Part III Macro Issues: Political, Economic, and Social Crisis Management 9. Immigrants, Refugees, and the Affordable Housing Crisis in South Florida 131 Margaret S. Murray 10. Managing "Complex Emergencies": U.N. Administration and the Resolution of Civil Wars 147 Karl Jamieson Irving 11. Managing Through a Crisis: A Case Study of the Orange County, California, Bankruptcy 169 M. Celeste Murphy 12. System Crisis: The 1973 War Crisis in Israel 187 Efraim Ben-Zadok 13. Homeless Policy Initiatives: Managing or Muddling Through the Crisis? 199 Leslie A. Leip UNIT TWO ISSUES EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT: MICRO AND MACRO Part I Environmental and Health Emergency Management 14. Smoke on the Water: Fighting Fires at Sea 215 Pamela Tarquinio Brannon and Dave Lee Brannon 15. From Texas City to Exxon Valdez: What Have We Learned About Managing Marine Disasters? 231 John R. Harrald and Hugh W. Stephens 16. Environmental Public Relations and Crisis Management: Two Paradigmatic Cases Bhopal and Exxon 245 Tim Ziaukas 17. Metropolitan Medical Strike Team Systems: Responding to the Medical Demands of WMD/NBC Events 259 Frances E. Winslow and John Walmsley

4 Contents xl 18. Managing Urban Violence Cases in Hospital Emergency Departments 267 Terry F. Buss Part II Macro and Micro Issues in Conceptual, Policy, Practical, and Empirical Aspects of Emergency Management 19. A New Use for an Old Model: Continuity of Government as a Framework for Local Emergency Managers 283 Hugh W. Stephens and George O. Grant 20. What Disaster Response Management Can Learn from Chaos Theory 293 Gustav A. Koehler, Guenther G. Kress, and Randi L. Miller 21. The Psychology of Evacuation and the Design of Policy 309 Jasmin K. Riad, William Lee Waugh, Jr., and Fran H. Norris 22. The Role of Technology and Human Factors in Emergency Management 327 Francis R. Terry 23. The Intergovernmental Dimensions of Natural Disaster and Crisis Management in the United States 339 Alka Sapat 24. The Evolution of Emergency Management in America: From a Painful Past to a Promising but Uncertain Future 357 Aaron Schroeder, Gary Wamsley, and Robert Ward UNIT THREE NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES ON CRISIS AND EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT Part I Crisis and Emergency Management in North and Latin America 25. Community Recovery and Reconstruction Following Disasters 419 Steven D. Stehr 26. Potential for Disaster: Case Study of the Powell Duffryn Chemical Fire and Hazardous Material Spill 433 Jack Pinkowski 27. American Presidential Crisis Management Under Kennedy: The Cuban Missile Crisis 451 Robert E. Dewhirst 28. Emergency Management on a Grand Scale: A Bureaucrat's Analysis 463 John Carroll

5 xll Contents 29. Lessons Learned from Three Mile Island and Chernobyl Reactor Accidents 481 Frances E. Winslow Part II Crisis and Emergency Management in Europe 30. The 1989 Rail Disaster at Clapham in South London 491 Francis R. Terry Part III Crisis and Emergency Management in Asia and Africa 31. Emergency Management in Korea: Mourning over Tragic Deaths 501 Pan Suk Kim and Jae Eun Lee 32. The 1994 Plague Outbreak in Surat, India: Social Networks and Disaster Management 521 Rita Kabra and Renu Khator 33. Disaster Management in Hong Kong 531 Ahmed Shafiqul Huque 34. Coping with Calamities: Disaster Management in Bangladesh 545 Habib Zafarullah, Mohammad Habibur Rahman, and Mohammad Mohabbat Khan 35. Crisis Management in Japan: Lessons from the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake of Masaru Sakamoto 36. Integrating Public Administration, Science, and Community Action: A Case of Early-Warning Success in Qinglong County for the Magnitude 7.8 Tangshan Earthquake 581 Jeanne-Marie Col and Jean J. Chu 37. Public Management and Natural Disasters: A Case Study of Earthquake Management in Iran 617 Behrooz Kalantari Part IV East Crisis and Emergency Management in the Near and Middle 38. Lebanon: Culture and Crisis 627 Gil Gunderson 39. Transforming Danger into Opportunity: Jordan and the Refugee Crisis of Emad Mruwat, Yaser Adwan, and Robert Cunningham

6 Contents xill Part V Terrorism and Crisis/Emergency Management 40. Managing Terrorism as an Environmental Hazard 659 William Lee Waugh, Jr. 41. Planning for Weapons of Mass Destruction/Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Agents: A Local/Federal Partnership 677 Frances E. Winslow Part VI Long-Term Strategic Plans for Prevention of and Preparedness for Crisis and Emergencies 42. Emergency Managers for the New Millennium 693 Ellis M. Stanley, Sr., and William Lee Waugh, Jr. 43. Coastal Hazard Mitigation in Florida 703 Patricia M. Schapley and Lorena Schwartz 44. Planning for Prevention: Emergency Preparedness and Planning to Lessen the Potential for Crisis 723 Jack Pinkowski 45. Managing Refugee-Assistance Crises in the Twenty-First Century: The Intercultural Communication Factor 737 Peter Koehn and Phyllis Bo-Yuen Ngai Index 767