Stoichiometry. Web Resources Chem Team Chem Team Stoichiometry. Section 1: Definitions Define the following terms. Average Atomic mass - Molecule -
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1 Web Resources Chem Team Chem Team Section 1: Definitions Define the following terms Average Atomic mass - Molecule - Molecular mass - Moles - Avagadro's Number - Conservation of matter - Percent composition - Empirical Forumula - Molecular Formula - Mole Ratio - Created by Todd Morstein 1
2 Section 2: Mass to Moles To determine moles of a substance divide the given mass by the molecular mass. Example How many moles are in 25.0 grams C 2 H 6 1. Calculate the molecular mass of C2H g g g 2 mol mol mol this means that there are g of C2H6 for every one mole of C2H6. 2. Calculate the number of moles in 25.0 g of C2H6. by dividing the number of grams by the molar mass _g 1 _mol _mol 30.1 _g there are 30.1 grams in one mole we are given 25 grams which is less than 30.1g therefore the number of moles should be less than one. To determine the number of moles follow the following steps. 1. Calculate the molecular mass. 2. Using proper units divide the given mass by the molecular mass g H2O g H2O g H2O g NaOH g NaOH g H2O Section 3: Moles to atoms Created by Todd Morstein 2
3 Avagadro's number is the number of things in one mole of substance _mol = x10 _things To determine the number of atoms given a certain mass follow this procedure. 1. Convert mass into moles 2. Multiply the number of moles by Avagadro's number. Example: Given 2.57 grams of Mg how many atoms of Mg are present? 1. Determine the number of moles _g 1 _mol _g _mol 2. Calculate the number of atoms..106 _mol _atoms 1 _mol e22 _atoms Calculate the number of atoms in each of the following problems g Na g Ca g Al g Ti Created by Todd Morstein 3
4 Section 4: grams to moles to molecules Let's look at the calculation of molecules instead of just atoms. to calculate molecules use the same procedure determine the moles of molecules and multiply the moles by Avagadro's number to determine molecules g NaOH how many molecules of NaOH are present. 1. Calculate the moles _g 1 _mol 1.14 _mol 40.0 _g 2. Determine the number of molecules by multiplying by Avagadro's number _mol _molecules e23 _molecules 1 _mol Calculate the number of molecules in each of the following g NaOH g HC2H3O g AgNO g NaCl Section 5: molecules to moles to grams Calculation of grams from moles, molecules and atoms. 1. From atoms or molecules calculate the number of moles by dividing by Avagadro's number. 2. Multiply the moles by the atomic mass or molecular mass. Example: How many grams does 7.25x10^23 molecules of NaCl weigh? 1. Calculate moles _molecules 1 _mol _molecules _mol 2. Convert moles to mass 1.20 _mol 58.0 _g 1 _mol _m 2 _s Determine the following grams of each substance. Created by Todd Morstein 4
5 moles of MgCl x10^24 molecules of AlCl moles of Pb3(PO4) x10^12 atoms of H Section 6: In stoichiometry balancing and determing the number of atoms or moles needed for a reaction is very important. In the following reaction Mg s + 2HCl aq MgCl 2 aq + H 2 g the ratio of Mg to HCl is 1 Magnesium for every 2 HCl. This means that for this reaction to occur that there needs to be 1 atom of Mg for every 2 atoms of HCl. This can be translated to a larger scale by saying that for every 1 mole of Mg there must be 2 moles of HCl. With this infromation we can determine the following. If we are given 1.5 moles of Mg how many moles of HCl will be needed to completely react the Mg? Remember that Mg and HCl are in a 1 to 2 ratio. 1.5 _mol_mg 2 _mol_hcl 3. _hcl _mol 1 _mol_mg There for if we have 1.5 mol Mg we need 3.0 mol HCl. For the following reaction determine the unknown number of moles. Cu NO 3 2 aq + 2NaOH aq Cu OH 2 s + 2NaNO 3 aq 1. 1 mol Cu(NO3)2 how many moles of NaOH are needed? mol NaOH how many moles of Cu(NO3)2 are needed? mol NaOH how many moles of NaNO3 will be produced? g of Cu(NO3)2 how many grams of NaNO3 will be produced? Section 7: Determination of percent composition Percent composition is the percent by mass of each component in a chemical formula. Created by Todd Morstein 5
6 Record the process for determining the percent composistion. Guide sheet to mole calculations Determine the percent composistion for each of the following elements in the compounds below. 1. NaCl 2. H2SO4 3. HC2H3O2 4. C6H12O6 Created by Todd Morstein 6
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