DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Liver, pancreas, esophagus, stomach fundus, small intestine, large intestine, appendix; preparations B9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, (19)
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1 DIGESTIVE SYSTEM Liver, pancreas, esophagus, stomach fundus, small intestine, large intestine, appendix; preparations B9, 10, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, (19) Institute of Histology and Embryology RNDr. Lucie Lantová, Ph.D. Histology and Embryology 1 B
2 LIVER abdominal cavity, beneath diaphragm hilum (portal vein, hepatic artery, lymphatic vessels, hepatic ducts) trabecular epithelium hepatocytes anastomosing plates separated by sinusoidal capillaries (fenestrated without diaphragm), reticular fibres function - produces most of the circulating plasma proteins - stores vitamins (A, D, K), iron - degrades drugs and toxins - produces bile - glucostatic function Mesher 2010
3 LIVER sinusoids discontinuous basal lamina, endothelium - Kupffer cells macrophages - perisinusoidal spaces of Disse between endothelium and hepatocytes; Ito cells (vit. A storage) hepatocytes - large polyhedral cells - rounded nucleus (two) fine chromatin, distinct nucleoli - abundant mitochondria - abundant RER (synthesis of plasma proteins) - abundant GA - extensive SER (enzymes for degradation, conjugation of toxins) - peroxisomes - glycogen granules - lipid droplets - bile canaliculi between Ross, Pawlina 2011
4 LIVER STRUCTURE Mesher 2010 Portal triad (area) - interlobular vein (branch of the portal vein) - interlobular artery (branch of the hepatic artery) - interlobular bile duct
5 LIVER STRUCTURE Portal triad (area) Mesher 2010
6 B18 liver central vein virt. micr. HE
7 B18 liver portal triad central vein virt. micr. HE
8 hepatocytes B18 liver sinusoid Kupffer cell sinusoid central vein central vein HE Ross, Pawlina 2011
9 B18 liver, portal triad interlobular vein interlobular duct interlobular artery prof. Martínek Gr.Tr. Kuhnel 2003 HE
10 (B19) liver Ag impregnation reticular fibres hepatocyte (glycogen) PAS Dp. Hist. Embr. portal triad
11 CT capsule + septa (lobules) mixed exocrine and endocrine gland PANCREAS EXOCRINE compound acinar gland acini acinar cells serous typical protein-secreting cells - pyramidal - euchromatin, distinct nucleoli - basal cytoplasm RER, mitochondria - GA supranuclear localization - apical cytoplasm secretory granules (zymogen granules) pancreatic juice bicarbonate, ions, digestive enzymes proteases, α-amylases, lipases, nucleases secretion controlled by secretin, cholecystokinin (produced by enteroendocrine cells) Krstic 1984
12 PANCREAS intercalated duct penetrates the lumen of acinus = centroacinar cells»» intralobular ducts (cuboidal epithelium)» interlobular ducts (columnar epithelium)» main pancreatic duct Mesher 2010 Ross, Pawlina 2011
13 B9 pancreas islets of Langerhans artery serous acini (exocrine) virt. micr. HE
14 B9 pancreas HE CC-centroacinar cell ID-intercalated duct InD-intralobular duct *-lumen of acini Ross, Pawlina 2011
15 ALIMENTARY CANAL WALL 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA epithelium - stratified squamous oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, anus - simple columnar stomach (mucus), intestine (absorptive) lamina propria mucosae loose CT, vessels, lymphatic tissue, glands (stomach, intestine) l. muscularis m. smooth muscle cells (inner circular, outer longitudinal) 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA denser CT (relatively fibre rich), blood and lymphatic vessels, submucous nerve plexus, glands (esophagus, duodenum) 3 - T. MUSCULARIS smooth muscle (x esophagus) inner circular, outer longitudinal, (three in stomach) Auerbach's myenteric nerve plexus 4 - ADVENTITIA loose CT, connects organ to surrounding CT; esophagus, anus contains blood and lymphatic vessels, nerves 4 - T. SEROSA visceral peritoneum CT membrane covered by mesothelium (simple squamous epithelium); abdominal cavity organs
16 ESOPHAGUS 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA epithelium stratified squamous non-keratinized lamina propria mucosae esophageal cardiac glands near stomach, mucous 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA esophageal glands mucous 3 - T. MUSCULARIS upper third striated muscle middle third striated + smooth muscle bottom third smooth muscle 4 - ADVENTITIA bigger portion 4 - T. SEROSA smaller portion in abdominal cavity
17 longitudinal t. mus. B10 esophagus t. submucosa circular t. mus. lamina propria mucosae t. serosa virt. micr. epithelium lamina muscularis mucosae HE
18 B10 esophagus E LPM LMM E TS TMC LPM LMM HE virt. micr. TML E-epithelium LPM-lamina propria mucosae LMM-lamina muscularis mucosae TS-tunica submucosa TMC-t. muscularis circular TML-t. muscularis longitudinal GO-esophageal glands Yell.Tr. GO TS prof. Martínek
19 B10 esophagus tunica muscularis virt. micr. Auerbach's myenteric nerve plexus striated muscle smooth muscle HE
20 longitudinal folds cardia, fundus, corpus, pylorus 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA gastric pits epithelium simple columnar mucus-secreting branched, tubular glands - cardiac, gastric, pyloric - empty into the pits 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA 3 - T. MUSCULARIS inner oblique (not in cardia) middle circular outer longitudinal STOMACH 4 - T. SEROSA Mesher 2010
21 STOMACH GASTRIC GLANDS (FUNDUS) branched tubular - neck, base 5 cell types - stem cells neck - mucous neck cells - parietal cells upper, middle portion - HCl - eosinophilic - chief cells base - pepsinogen, lipase - basophilic - enteroendocrine cells - base - serotonin - lightly stained Ross, Pawlina 2011 Alc. blue, PAS
22 B12 stomach, fundus glandulae gastricae propriae gastric pits lamina muscularis mucosae t. submucosa t. mus. t. serosa virt. micr. Bl.Tr.
23 B12 stomach, fundus Bl.Tr. parietal cells pit chief cells mucous neck cells lamina muscularis mucosae virt. micr.
24 B12 stomach, fundus enteroendocrine cell chief cells parietal cell virt. micr. Bl.Tr.
25 permanent folds plicae circulares duodenum, jejunum, ileum SMALL INTESTINE 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA intestinal villi epithelium simple columnar - absorptive cells (microvilli) - goblet cells (mucus) - Paneth cells (lysozyme) - M cells (Ag transport) - endocrine cells crypts of Lieberkühn LPM Peyer's patches LPM, mostly ileum - lymphatic nodules 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA Brunner's glands duodenum, mucous Peyer's patches (mostly ileum) 3 - T. MUSCULARIS 4 - T. SEROSA Mesher 2010
26 B15 jejunum villus circular fold t. submucosa t. muscularis mucosae t. mus. virt. micr. HE
27 B15 jejunum villus crypts of Lieberkühn l. muscularis mucosae virt. micr. HE
28 B15 jejunum eosinophil goblet cells brush border intraepithelial lymphocyte virt. micr. HE Dp. Hist. Embr.
29 crypt of Lieberkühn B15 jejunum Dp. Hist. Embr. Paneth cell enterocyte Mesher 2010 HE basement membrane l. propria mucosae pararosanilinetoluidine b.
30 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA no villi epithelium simple columnar - absorptive cells (microvilli) - goblet cells (mucus) - more than in small intestine - endocrine cells LPM crypts of Lieberkühn - long LPM lymphatic nodules 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA lymphatic nodules 3 - T. MUSCULARIS inner circular outer three longitudinal bands LARGE INTESTINE 4 - T. SEROSA Mesher 2010
31 B16 large intestine crypts of Lieberkühn t. mucosa vessels t. submucosa circular longitudinal longitudinal band t. musc. t. serosa Ross, Pawlina 2011 HE
32 B16 large intestine crypt of Lieberkühn t. submucosa enterocytes goblet cell Dp. Hist. Embr. vessels Grt.Tr.
33 B16 large intestine alcian blue crypt of Lieberkühn goblet cells prof. Martínek l. musc. mucosae t. submucosa
34 wall large intestine APPENDIX 1 - TUNICA MUCOSA LPM lymphatic nodules numerous 2 - TUNICA SUBMUCOSA lymphatic nodules numerous 3 - T. MUSCULARIS inner circular outer complete longitudinal layer 4 - T. SEROSA Mesher 2010
35 B17 appendix t. serosa Ross, Pawlina 2011 HE
36 B17 appendix crypt of Lieberkühn germinal centre of lymphatic nodule lymphocyte infiltration virt. micr. HE
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