Small & Large Intestines
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1 Small & Large Intestines Small Intestine: principal site for digestion of food and absorption of the products of digestion Large Intestine: reabsorption of water and elimination of undigested food and waste
2 Mucosa - Epithelium 4 Layers of Digestive System - Lamina Propria - Muscularis Mucosae Submucosa - Connective tissue, blood vessels, submucosal plexus Muscularis Externa - 2 muscle layers, myenteric plexus Adventitia / Serosa - Loose connective tissue
3 Layer 1: Mucosal Layer Epithelium - enterocytes (with microvilli), - goblet cells, - paneth cells (SI only), - entero-endocrine cells, - M cells Lamina Propria - loose connective tissue - Peyer s Patches - lacteals Muscularis Mucosae - Boundary b/t mucosa and submucosa - 2 layers of smooth muscle
4 Layer 2: Submucosa & Layer 3: Muscularis Externae Submucosa: Connective Tissue Blood vessels Submucosal (Meissner s) Plexus (Brunner s glands in duodenum) Muscularis Externae: 2 smooth muscle layers Myenteric (Auerbach s) Plexus b/t muscle layers Myenteric Plexus Submucosal Plexus
5 Layer 4: Adventitia/Serosa Loose connective tissue
6 Plicae Circularis vs Villi Both are present in the small intestine as specializations to maximize absorptive surface area Plicae Circularis: circular folds w/in a core of submucosa. Contains many villi. Villus: finger-like mucosal projections w/in a core of lamina propria
7 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium: Enterocytes Absorptive Cells Columnar cells with basal nuclei Microvilli on apical surface Digestive enzymes in microvilli glycocalyx (breakdown sugars & proteins) Junctional complexes and terminal web
8 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium: Enterocytes Terminal bar Microvilli
9 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium: Enterocytes Junctional complexes and terminal web Terminal Bar
10 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium: Goblet Cells Produce mucus Interspersed among enterocytes Appear empty because mucus is washed out in slide preparation (more goblet cells in colon than SI)
11 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium in SI: Paneth Cells Located in Crypts of Lieberkuhn (bases of glands of SI b/t villi) Secrete lysozymes Basophilic base, eosinophilic granules at apex Regulate bacterial flora of gut
12 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium in SI: Paneth Cells Located in Crypts of Lieberkuhn (base of glands of SI b/t villi) Basophilic base, eosinophilic granules at apex
13 Cells of Mucosal Epithelium: Enteroendocrine Cells Secrete Hormones GIP, CCK, Secretin Seen with silver stain (Also in stomach)
14 Features of Mucosal Lamina Propria in SI Lamina Propria: loose cellular connective tissue Contains: 1. Peyer s Patches: lymph nodules and immune cells 2. Lacteals: endotheliallined lymphatic channels w/in villi that uptake lipid droplets
15 Features of Mucosal Muscularis Mucosae in SI Boundary b/t mucosa and submucosa Composed of two thin layers of smooth muscle
16 Duodenum Characterized by submucosal Brunner s Glands (protect duodenum by neutralizing stomach acid)
17 Duodenum vs Jejunum and Ileum Submucosal Brunner s Glands No Brunner s Glands
18 Large Intestine Function: Reabsorbs water and electrolytes and eliminates undigested food and waste
19 Large vs Small Intestine Similarities Same Layers Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis Externa Adventitia/Serosa Same Epithelial Cells -Enterocytes -Goblet cells -Enteroendocrine cells -M cells BUT Differences Large Intestine has NO plicae circularis and NO villi Large Intestine has MORE GOBLET cells NO PANETH cells in LI
20 Large vs Small Intestine
21 Junction: Rectum and Anal Canal Rectum -simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells -glands Recto-Anal Junction -stratified columnar/ cuboidal epithelium -No glands
22 Recto-Anal Junction -stratified columnar/cuboidal epithelium - as move toward anus, more stratified squamous - at perineum, stratified squamous epithelia is keratinized
23 Anal Transition Zone Stratified Columnar/Cuboidal Anal Stratified Squamous Epithelium
24 Hemorrhagic Vessels These vessels are in the submucosa of the anal canal. When dilated, they are internal hemorrhoids. Hemorrhagic vessel
25 Question 1 The organ shown : a. Digests carbohydrates and proteins b. Contains paneth cells c. Reabsorbs water d. Conjugates bile
26 Question 2 Villi are present in both images: True or False
27 Question 3 Which sequence is in the correct oral to rectum/anal order? B A D C
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